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По умолчанию Russian master paintings and drawings in the French book publishing ...

Mikhail Seslavinsky
---------------------------------------------
Rendezvous (Fragment)

About the artists of the Russian emigration, trapped after the October Revolution in France, has recently written a lot of research. This monograph of a general nature, and books on outstanding individuals. Their life and work - exciting stuff, plunging into which mentally transported to Paris last century and going through all the vicissitudes of life of Russian artistic exile. Meanwhile, the participation of famous Russian master paintings and drawings in the French book publishing is still poorly understood. Typically, this issue remains on the periphery of research and dealt with only in passing (as opposed to, say, an exhibition or theatrical work of the same artists).

That's it, and drew our attention ............

French book illustrated many Russian artists - according to various estimates, their number varies from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and fifty people. This wide range in numbers stems from the fact that much of the work - it figures in the print media, brochures and posters, ballet and opera programm. There was someone more talented than someone who has created artwork for several dozen books, some for one or two.
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presented in the album graphic material is selected from a large number of books in the library of the author. The aim of the selection was the desire on the one hand, demonstrate the rich tapestry created book illustrations, and on the other - do not do in the reader's desire to "grasp the immensity and does not overwhelm the book graphic material. After much speculation, based on the magic of "beautiful numbers" were selected thirty-three artist and one hundred and illustrated their books, this luxurious bibliophilic publications issued under the laws of the genre, very limited edition, and books for the general reader <...>

Les ditions de la Pliade
The golden decade - since the early 1920's and early 1930 - for Russian artists in the French book publishing is largely associated with the name of Yakov Shifrin (1882, Baku - 1950 New York), the founder of the famous publishing house "Pleiades" (but we are in this If we use Russian obscheupotrebitelskoe "Pleiades"). Shifrin and his family left Azerbaijan after the October Revolution. Graduated from the Law Faculty, University of Geneva and then settled in Paris, he took the name of Jacques, and in 1923 began to work in publishing.
His company had two lines of development.

The first - the release of high-quality pocket-sized books («livre des poche»). Intertwined in a perfect soft skin, printed on the nose (105h170 mm) by the standards of his jacket pocket or pants srednestaticheskogo Frenchman, who bore the 46-48 size, edition of the masterpieces of French classical literature are in high demand. Know-how for printing embodiment of the New Testament in a very thin but strong and high quality paper was transferred to a series of Shifrin Library Pleiades, "which provides the reader with" a maximum of convenience and pleasure <...>

The second direction of publishing Shifrin - products bibliophile sense. Being a native of the Russian empire, he loved the works of Russian artists and involve them actively to cooperate in the book charts. By the way, acting as an interpreter of classic works of Russian literature, he brought to this work and other writers, including famous French writer André Gide (1869-1951).
It is in the "Pleiades" in 1923, comes from French "The Queen of Spades" by Pushkin with illustrations by Basil Shuhaeva. Translation of the novel was made Shifrin, André Gide and Boris de Schletzer (1881-1969), a relative of the composer Alexander Scriabin, author of books about him and other Russian composers, writers and critics. On the front page under the name "Publishing Pleyada" printed: "Jean Shifrin & Co., which will accompany all subsequent bibliophilic editions, as well as specified Paris address: street Turnefor, 6.

For Shuhaeva it was the first serious book work on French soil. Painter completed twenty color illustrations and sketch cover sheet. It was originally done in black and white version of the cycle, which manufactured printing prints. For circulation was chosen heliogravire expensive technology. Shukhaiev colored prints by hand in gouache and watercolor - they are then used as originals for reproduction in a book. Paul Ettinger in his article "The illustrated edition of Pushkin during the revolution," wrote that "Shuhaeva drawings in the style of artists' World of Art", they very carefully made costumes and personal details of the era, but sometimes there feels too much proximity to the engravings of the XVIII century . With this feature illustrations Shuhaeva, from our point of view, one can argue: School predecessors in the artist's works, of course, felt, but look - a completely different, much more innovative. Original graphical construction of plots, unexpected angle, experiments with colors - all of this is surprising the reader and makes a classic Pushkin more mystical and mysterious.

This luxurious bibliophile edition was released with a circulation of 345 copies, 25 of which (with Roman numerals) is not intended for sale.

In 1925, Schifrin produces in his own translation of another tome - Pushkin's "Boris Godunov" with the cover, title page, intros and endings, and 18 full-size poshuarami Shuhaeva. We present an interesting review of the same Ettinger: "... we meet again with spectacular color compositions V. Shuhaeva, this time inspired by old Russian frescoes and miniature manuscript books. But even here, as in "The Queen of Spades, rasholazhivayusche acts that these parts are not cast in a convincing personal style."
In the same year Shukhaiev executed for publishing the cover bibliophile edition "Florentine Nights" Heinrich Heine and with illustrations by Gregory Glyukmana, as well as modest savers, and the ending to "The Enchanted Wanderer" Leskov.
A few more interesting graceful lyrical illustrations to Shuhaeva published in 1928 in "Galaxy" novel by Alfred de Musset's "Two mistresses» («Les deux matresses»), which seamlessly transferred to the reader in an atmosphere of France, the first half of the XIX century.

Of course, in publishing projects "Pleiades" and was attended by other Russian artists. Among the most striking works can be identified "Diary of a Madman" by Gogol, has been published in 1927 in translating Shifrin and Schlozer. Illustrate the technique in-depth engraving on metal superbly played Alexander Alexeyev. The book was published a limited edition of 266 copies, part of which was published in Japanese, Dutch and vellum paper.

But, of course, the main work of Alexeev was released in 1929, Dostoevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov "to which the artist executed 100 illustrations. The same figure was and circulation of this famous publication. Lithography Alekseeva - is widely recognized, most powerful graphics work to the world-famous novel of classic Russian literature. A self-publishing - not just a rarity in the antiquarian, secondhand market, but a cherished dream of many museums, libraries, galleries, collectors and bibliophiles <...>

Au Sans Pareil
Publisher San Pare "was born out of the magazine" Literature »(« Littrature »), whose founders were Andre Breton, Louis Aragon and Philippe Soupault. It is, indeed, "came to light," May 2, 1919 specifically for the journal (literally in a month after the first issue). The name was coined by Aragon and the translation could mean "Unique" or "unparalleled".
Publisher starts its activities with the publication of unpublished texts of Rimbaud, for this book, followed by the first collections of Breton, Aragon, Soupault and morality, as well as books Cendrars and Eluard. In January 1920, René Hilsum opens a bookstore, which becomes a meeting place for all the Surrealists and Dadaists. In the same year the publishing house founded a series of Dada »(« Dada ») and publish the most, perhaps, a sensational book of the surrealist movement -" Magnetic fields »(« Les champs magntiques ») Andre Breton and Philippe Soupault. In April, the store is hosting the first exhibition devoted to Francis Picabia, followed by other exhibitions of artists and poets of the Dadaists. However, in the summer of 1920 relations between the San Pare "and the movement of the Surrealists and Dadaists port: Hilsum, becoming a full director of the publishing house, seeks to publish books without tying itself by a single literary direction. He continues to publish the Surrealists, but the circle of his sponsors greatly expands <...>

March 23, 1931 Hilsum creates another publishing house, which gives its own name. New publishing house publishes a series of classic literature in "The Genius of France» («Le Gnie de la France»), and the activities of the San Pare "gradually fades away. However, a new publishing house itself Hilsum is defeated: in 1934 it was forced to sell a series of "Genius in France" publishing house Gallimard. Thus, a strong publishing Hilsuma lasted about ten years.
Among the Russian artists who had collaborated with the publishing house, in the first place should be made by Yuri Annenkov, whose modern, expressive graphic works were close to the tastes of the founders of the San Pare.
In 1923, with his illustrations in a reduced, compared with the original format, goes the famous poem "Twelve" by Alexander Blok. 15 numbered copies with juicy zincographer printed on Dutch paper, with not cropped fields. French reader is finally introduced to this classic work of the artist, which he created with the close participation of the author of the poem. Broken lines, distorted space, a vivid picture of the three main components - a black night, white snow and strong winds - could not produce a strong audience and emotional experiences: the feeling of instability and disaster in the world. Coming from these figures affect the pain nerve of any reader and feeds into the general trends of avant-garde art.

In 1927, Annenkov creates illustrations for "Crime in San Francisco» («Crime San-Francisco») Luke Dyurtena, issued an edition of 775 copies. In the book, 8 black and white original lithographs. Despite surviving innovative style, multi-tracks and original perspectives of urban landscapes, this book drawing wonderful wizard can hardly be attributed to his creative achievements.
Two years later an edition of 270 copies out essays Louis Sharon "outside the city walls» («Extramuros»). In this edition lithographs for 25 Annenkov - they are placed on separate insert and style close to the previous work, but met with great warmth, which is natural, since we are talking about the suburbs of Paris, where he lived many Russian immigrants.

However, in general, of course, the French book graphics artist is far from masterpieces of "The Twelve" and "Portrait", and the remaining peak of his art book.
In 1924, the San Pare "edition of 500 copies published collection of poems by Russian poet Alexander Imagists Kusikova" Hourglass »(« Le sablier »); translation was made by Eugene Sidersky, illustrations - Viktor Barth. This is the only French edition companion Esenina and Mariengof who in the early 1930's ceased to engage in literary activities. Thin, as if hanging in the air Bart drawings reproduced in Technology zincographer underscore the fragility of peace that exists in poetry Kusikova.

In 1926, the publisher has offered cooperation Natalia Goncharova, was 6 etchings to the story of Joseph Kessel "Tea Soguba captain," and this is almost the only work of the famous artist in the technique of etching. Circulation of the book was 1,260 copies, so it is still easy to find on the antiquarian, secondhand market <...>

La Sirne
In 1917, a large Parisian banker Paul Lafitte takes one time and artistic film, decided to form his own publishing house «La Sirne» («The Mermaid"). His first companion was Richard Kantinelli, chief curator of the city of Lyon library.
Since its opening, "Mermaid" specializes in bibliophile editions. Lafite is committed to working with the fashionable poets, produces Apollinaire, Cocteau, Cendrars, Max Jacob, republished Baudelaire and Lautréamont. As designers and illustrators, he invites famous artists - Louis Bouquet, Marcel Roux, Kees Van Dogena, Fernand Léger, Raoul Dufy.

After World War I "Mermaid", in addition to poetry, began to publish books about the last war, the other important events of our time. Then Van Dongen, and actor and director, Firmin Zheme Launches the "Mermaid" music - the so-called Department of "Musical Mermaid» («La Sirne musicale»); publisher buys music assets publisher Paul Dupont and opens the sheet music store. "Musical Mermaid" publishes contemporary composers such as Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky. At this time, Paul Lafite is the administrative council of the new publishing company "Fiction» («Les belles lettres»), which publishes translations of Robert Louis Stevenson, Jerome K. Jerome, the first in France decided to release the "Ulysses" Joyce. Go to a new publisher and a book of the young French writers, such as Claude Anet.

In 1921 is a landmark for future Russian bibliophiles event: an edition of 599 numbered copies available bibliophile edition of "The Tale of Tsar Saltan» («Conte de tsar Saltan») Pushkin translated by Claude Anet. Illustrations and ornaments were made by Natalia Goncharova. These bright, sharp images become one of the most important works of the artist in the book charts. They are filled with kindness, they breathe optimism, in contrast to its pre-revolutionary, even Russian, graphic experiments. Superb printing embodiment (lithography and hand-packing paint stencilled) reinforces the impression from the work of the artist.

However, the enthusiasm of a young publishing house was so great that very soon there was wasted the entire initial capital and at the door of Paul Laffitte is already crowded with creditors. In winter 1923 the publisher George Kress offers a "Mermaid" help: Publishers can move to its premises, and he partially funds outbid. But a change of management stifles publishing activities, between 1923 and 1930 "Mermaid" did not release. In 1930 he completed a contract with Kress. Debt at the "Mermaid" is no more, trying to resume self-publishing activity - but to no avail. The last edition of "Mermaids" - twelve volumes of Casanova's memoirs, the twelfth volume published in 1935. In 1937, the funds "Mermaid" buys publisher "Book Publishing Lombardi» («Librairie Lombardi»).
http://www.nasledie-rus.ru/podshivka/9418.php
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Allena (15.03.2011)
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