Russian avant

[Meister]

Schr David Petrovich
July 7, 1881 (in literature erroneous date of 14 July; Zhytomyr) - May 1, 1948 (Moscow)

Painter, graphic artist

Born in the family of the employee store. He spent his childhood in Zhitomir, where, apparently, received his early education. In 1905 he moved to Odessa, was engaged in private art studio. He was an active member of the youth section of the Bund, in 1906 in connection with the persecution of members of the party was forced to go abroad. After a short time he lived in Vienna, then moved to Paris. He studied at the Academy Vitti in A. Martin, A. Kamaraza, C. Van Dongen and E. Anglada. He lived in a colony of artists La Ruche ( «Beehive"), met with many representatives of the creative avnagarda, including Picasso, Modigliani A., J. Sutin, A. Marquet, F. Leger, D. Rivera, J. Brack , H. Gries, G. Apollinaire, M. Chagall and others.

In 1912 exhibited in the Salon of the Society of Fine Arts "Portrait ND Schr" which received good reviews and earned him fame in European art circles. In the same year, presented his work in the salon Independent and Salon d'Automne, later becoming their permanent exhibitor. He worked in the field of magazine graphics, cooperated with the magazine "Helios", which produced a panel of artists in the Russian Academy in Paris. In 1917 took part in a group exhibition in gallery "Bernheim", together with P. Bonnard, A. Marquet, Henri Matisse, M. Utrillo, A. Ozanfanom.

In 1917 he returned to Russia until 1918 lived in Petrograd, in 1918 - in Moscow. In 1918, exhibited his paintings at the Exhibition of Jewish Painters in Moscow. He was appointed head of the Division of Fine Arts, as well as chairman of the College of Fine Arts for the People's Commissariat (until 1921). From 1920 (until 1930) taught in VHUTEMAS (in 1925 renamed into VHUTEIN). Participated in the implementation of the plan of monumental propaganda. He went into the Moscow section of the Art Culture League.

In 1922 he held a joint exhibition N. Altman, Marc Chagall and Shterenberg, organized under the auspices of the Cultural League. In the same year the artist responsible for the organization of the First Russian Art Exhibition in the Van Diemen Gallery in Berlin.

In 1925 became a founding member and Chairman of the Society Easel (GRL), which proclaimed "revolutionary modernity and clarity in the choice of the plot," the desire to complete the picture (from the statute GRL). Participated in all exhibitions of the Society. In 1927 Moscow hosted the first solo (and the only one lifetime) Exhibition Shterenberg.

During the Great Patriotic War he was evacuated to Irkutsk, worked in the "Windows of TASS. In the postwar years created a series of "Bible stories" (1947-1948).

Retrospective exhibition of paintings took place in Moscow in 1959, 1978, 1991.

Schr - one of the most original masters of the domestic arts. His work can be divided into three phases.

In the early period (1906-1915) the most influence on his work has Fauvism, Cubism and kubofuturizm. All works of this time written in sharp, expressive manner.

In the 1915-1916 painting style has changed dramatically. After early moderately avant-garde experimentation has developed a special type of planar still life, sometimes decorative, sometimes ostrodramaticheskogo (Herring, 1917-1918, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). Artist painted still lifes almost exclusively, expression has been replaced by static, become the dominant primitivist conception. Another was the technique and painting: Schr refused emphasized three-dimensional image with a sharp light and shadow modeling. In his paintings he created a textured surface that is consistent with the nature of the image. 1920 - the heyday of the artist's work and his greatest fame.

In the 1930's style of painting masters again changed. The artist returned to painting with nuanced expressive design monochrome color range, mostly kept in a brown-red colors. In his painting and graphic art (drawing, etching, woodcuts) 1930 - 1940 he became one of the founders of the so-called "silent art", opposing the official order.

Shterenberg works are in many museum and private collections, including the State Tretyakov Gallery, State Russian Museum, one of the most significant collections of paintings and graphic arts master has a GMII im. Pushkin.