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Even people not interested in art, is well aware that there was such a great artist - Ilya Repin. At the same time and hobbies include painting are few people know that young Repin worked hard in the Luhansk region - in the village Sirotin Trinity area. He was invited there to paint the iconostasis of the Church of the Entry of the Virgin in the Temple.
But critics argue that Elijah left behind in Sirotin much more creative legacy. Salary he, like other artists, were given rare. And eat something should be every day.
That's moonlighting Repin in his spare time by writing under the order of local farmers are small icon-scapular. For this it just something tasty and nourishing food.
In his great autobiography, "Distant near" Elijah E. very cordially remembers staying in Sirotin of people with whom it met and became friends. To understand the feelings and impressions about Sirotin Repin, we present a series of quotations from his books. They are for us in the Lugansk region of particular interest. After all, we learn, albeit small, even at first glance, the most simple details of life and a life of their ancestors.
For Repin Sirotin was expensive and for another important reason. Do you think there is a chance coincidence? Worked in Sirotin Ilia in 1863. And in 1863 the same year he arrived in St. Petersburg, where before entering the Academy of Arts is engaged in the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists.
Yes, yes, yes, that money earned in Sirotin Repin allowed to start in the capital of the empire. Therefore, a small village became for him a real milestone in my life, on a long and glorious creative way.
In Sirotin - like God bosom
On its origins Ilya Repin wrote an extremely modest. Born in 1844 in Chuguyev Kharkov province in a military family villager. Literacy and numeracy taught by the sexton and the sexton. With eleven years was engaged in topographical school. But it was closed due to the abolition of military settlements. Painted with a very young age. Portraits of relatives, neighbors, acquaintances and even strangers all led to the indescribable delight. Initial skills picturesque craft was in hostilities were malorosskih painters.
"Some writers have called me about the artists of the Cossacks - a lot of honor. I was born on a military villager Ukrainian military settlement. This title is despicable - is it considered to lower the villagers still serfs. On the hostilities were Cossacks, I just heard from their grandfathers and grandmothers. And then all the stories were already in the last days of our Cossacks. Kazakov rebuilt in the military settlers.
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I'll be in Chuguyev became an independent master, and it happened that for me to come to the contractor for one-two hundred miles and was called to work at the departure. Painting Churches and the iconostasis of the image were in vogue then in the Ukrainian district, although the pay is cheap, and contractors often goes bust because there were too many.
Chuguyev has long been famous for its craftsmen. And the owners of works of painters employed here, gilders, carvers and carpenters. "
The fame of the very young artist was rolling, not only in Ukraine. Sirotin village in 1863, belonged to the Voronezh province. And when it was decided to update the iconostasis of the Introduction of the Virgin in the Temple, then sent messengers to Chuhuiv. Ilya Repin has been proposed for the work of a very decent amount. Money he was very much needed - he dreamed of Petersburg, on the Academy of Fine Arts. For the life of the capital, purchase of canvases, paints and brushes needed a lot of money.
"In Sirotin I had success with their images. I enjoyed the course, the necessary guidance and precepts on which is written, every picture of the saints, or entire scenes (each painter's trunk full of prints), and was encouraging confidence and interest of the ward, and even a contractor who praised me not only from his own worries about the success of a general nature, but also because they really loved painting and was himself a painter, not without ability.
All men, especially elder Simon, visited me in the woods and even near long looked at my image, which they have never before seen. And I, encouraged attention, felt a greater boldness and freedom of creativity, and brush my rather play sacred representations: I indulged in the bold new twists and spectacular lighting scenes and individual figures. The freshness and brightness of colors, unusual in a religious painting, was obligatory for me, as my way of the audience saw only the bottom, at a distance of three to five fathoms. Had seen the same work closely with me to the woods even wondered: how does it from a distance "has" so subtly and well, although close to another.
Of particular success was my "Mary Magdalene": I saw the effect of widespread throughout Ukraine known things - Pompey Batoni, but, of course, like all other images, nor did anyone not copied literally, I just took a similar effect and processes it differently. So my Magdalene is not sitting with a cross on his knees, like a loaf. My standing against the wall, turned in prayer to the ecstasy of an oil lamp that hung in the corner high, but not standing as he does on the floor.
- How is it half in flames? - Simon wondered.
And it was evident that the entire audience enchanted light and tear-stained eyes Magdalene.
I often thought of his beloved comrade Ivan Danilovich Shemyakin. He was a carver, my age, a Don Cossack born. It was a bold talented artist! I can not forget how he cut his church holy gates: we all gape at his job. "
Young artisans love Sirotin. They liked and the local people, and lush beautiful nature. It is known that Repin wrote scapular happy for the peasants. Moreover, he provided them all sirotintsev and then lengthen their routes on weekends. In neighboring villages Sirotin Ilya also greeted with enthusiasm. After all, he painted the iconostasis of the church, parishioners which were local peasants.
"On Sundays and great holidays we both did long walks through the neighborhood. Began with Mass in some neighboring village, and so on till evening: swimming somewhere in the mill dams, somewhere in the village cooked us scrambled eggs, gave bread, milk and fresh cucumbers from the garden, also cherries, and pears, and apples from the householders' gardens with great generosity gave us the owners when they learned that we are working in the church. "
Ilya E. recalled that "a huge work on the iconostasis were many masters." And he managed with all the friends. Although people come across is different. There were those who could pohalturit, or simply does not have the talent. One of the last, who had to work even in the Academy of Arts, Repin, can not be kept, secretly corrected. Too did not like him faceless faces, dull paint and the lack of any internal force in the writing. The old master, of course, noticed Repin hand on his works. Offended, but became a young colleague, however, approved it. Repin later recalled that he was very ashamed. But he could not see next to his bad icons.
Repin and to Sirotin painted the church. However, there was the volumetric work. Repin felt an enormous responsibility to the ordinary people who were baptized and prayed earnestly, referring to his icons, fervently love it just as an artist and as a person.
"I wake up and find yourself - I Sirotin a large stone church, maybe not all of the image, taken by me individually, finished ...
And how terrible to remember and even now that I almost fell out there with the highest forest on the stone floor of the church when he wrote, "Holy Trinity". It's a habit I have to rebound from work during the writing. A fence was not so much perhaps for the workmen are killed!
Plunging into a kind of lethargic during the long smooth moves, again, I dreamed Sirotin. That driver lighted his pipe, and the smell immediately brought me in Sirotinskiy tavern, where I went then with all the masters.
In the pub we were as usual to sing our spevshimsya choir - mostly Ukrainian. Demanded vodka - as without this dope! And then came the way the elder Simon.
- And you're here! - He said, hugging my waist, and asks to go with him: - I'm here you do not belong! Well, let them for a day or take a walk, because we do not hurt - everything will be as follows ublagotvoreny ... And you that with them? You will not be empty; you go concludes his work: your money with me. Do not believe me? Come with me, I'll show you how your money.
He jumped into the hole and turned the floor of his sermyazhnogo caftan, there was a vision of his canvas pocket, tied with rope.
- Here's where your money, how to end the work gets its rasshot - and with God, and I am now the owner, I took you for myself. Do not believe me?
He untied the rope and took out two pyatidesyatirublevye gray paper.
- Here they are. "
The gray piece of paper, vivid pictures
Of course, Repin arrived in St. Petersburg is not rich. But he could feel confident. In Sirotin he not only received the money, but also gained invaluable experience of self, a great and important work. After classes at the School of Drawing, he passed the exams at the Academy of Fine Arts, where he was about ten years and wrote many famous paintings have received the most famous of which was "Barge Haulers on the Volga." About this picture is constantly writing in the periodical press. "Never before has the bitter fate of a pack of human animals are not brought to the viewer to the canvas in such a terrible weight, in such a piercing chord. What a human mosaic from all over Russia! "- Admired Stasov. Repin finally asserts himself as an artist of enormous creative range. For his policy work, "Raising of Jairus's daughter" Repin received a gold medal and the right to six years of training in France and Italy, where he completes his artistic education.
Back in the School of Drawing Ilya Repin met with already well-known artist Ivan Kramskoy which immediately stands out among other talented young man. They have for years been a true friend, mentor and disciple.
Many works Repin in Paris. And since his return goes to the Association of Traveling Exhibitions and becomes a leading figure in it. It creates about three hundred beautiful portraits. Among the most famous paintings - "The Cossacks writing a letter to the Sultan of Turkey, on which he worked for over twelve years," Religious Procession in Kursk Province "," archdeacon "," Vechornitsy "," Princess Sophia at the Novodevichy Convent, "" Ivan the Terrible and his son its Ivan. Incidentally, the last work again connects Ilya Efimovich our edge. The prototype of the king's son, the tyrant became a writer Vsevolod Garshin, who lived in Starobielsk.
Public recognition of the Repin was not slow to manifest. Opens major solo exhibition of the artist. After the reform of the Academy of Fine Arts, he became its professor.
Confirmation of veneration Ilya Efimovich in the very top and become a government order which he received in 1901: to write a solemn meeting of the State Council on the day of the centenary. Was created by a big multi-figure painting an area of 35 square meters. In working on them have also been involved students Repin - Kustodiyev and Kulikov. On the front picture shows more than eighty dignitaries of the State Council headed by the king and members of the imperial family.
Conquer the sky - trampled FIELD
Fate Sirotinskiy icons Ilya Repin, like the church itself, in which he worked, very sad. Church destroyed during WWII. Found that only exceptionally on this site can construct a military airfield. Icons from the churches over to local farmers for conservation. What has come to our days, has long been studied by different specialists, first and foremost art critics of Lugansk Regional Museum of Art.
Museum director Lydia Borschenko says:
- Icons "Trinity" and "Prayer Lady" before getting in the foundations of our museum in 1977, had lain for seven years in the Trinity District Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. These icons have a quarter-century and transferred from the museum in Lugansk diocesan administration. Folk legends ascribe their hands young Ilya Repin, who in 1863 worked in the village Sirotin Trinity area. During the war, during the occupation, the Germans eagerly looking icons created by a great artist. Did they need it? Evidence that someone has transferred any iconographical works of the Germans, no.
Is the icon "The Trinity" and "The Agony of the Virgin" created Repin?
We conducted the study based on literature of art criticism about the early period of creativity Repin, as well as the results of scientific expeditions Lugansk regional art museum in the village Sirotin and study the works of the early period of creativity Repin in the funds of the Kiev Museum of Russian Art and Art Chuguevsky Memorial Museum IJ Repin. The museum asked for help from researchers of the National Research and Restoration Center. And here arose the contradiction. The results of studying the soil, pigments and painting the structure of the two icons have led critics to conclude that the icons were painted by different authors. But those same critics have witnessed a very high level of Author "Trinity". It was also made another discovery: the soil samples of the two icons are revealed green pigments with chromium content. And they began to be used after 1862.
Of course, for the thoroughness and effectiveness of the research is not enough archival, artistic, technical and technological research of the local iconography. Although his work we have been long and carefully.
This was the impetus for that by using the museum began to work actively to establish a database on local domestic monuments iconography.
On the whole, have been thoroughly investigated eight Slobozhanskiy icons. At least six of them are derived from the Lugansk region, including five - from the village Sirotin: "Resurrection", two - "Favorite Saints", "Trinity," "The Agony of the Virgin." One icon - "Christ Pantocrator" is in a neighboring village Sirotin Oleksandrivka. Two icons belong Chuguevsky Museum: "Ascension" and "Jesus in a crown of thorns." With respect to the last two no doubt - they are written by hand Repin. Art historians tend to assume that Repin has created and the icon of the Trinity. "
But this is - not all that Elijah E. wrote in Sirotin. Therefore, Lugansk art set for themselves yet and the following tasks: set using archival material dimensions of the iconostasis, who was in the church was destroyed in the war in Sirotin; establish the presence or absence in the archives of Rosenberg's data on the icons in Sirotin. "Critics" in SS uniforms from Rosenberg roamed throughout the occupied territory in search of artistic treasures. Until now, such as not fully elucidated, to determine whether they find the exhibits of regional art museum, hidden by its director before the occupation of Lugansk. The very same director immediately after the liberation of our regional center was interrogated and then, according to the official version, which not all the trust, has died in hospital due to illness.
Whatever it was, and Repin has direct relevance to Luhansk. As Lugansk, actually gave him a ticket to the Academy of Fine Arts, has direct relevance to Repin.
WINDOW OF FINLAND TO UKRAINE
Last thirty years, a great artist in his homeland had not lived.
Ilya Repin in 1899 he settled in the village Kuokalla in the estate, which he called "Penaty. After the October Revolution "Penaty" appeared on the territory of Finland. The Soviet Government has repeatedly tried to return Repin in the USSR. Joseph Stalin was personally instructed to carry out this Kliment Voroshilov. Visited with persuasion Ilya Yefimovich and his disciples. But he did not agree. From the newspapers found out what was happening in the Soviet Union. He was not like that.
And yet, even in Finland, he created paintings on the Ukrainian folk, Gogol's themes. From taking Valais? Well, not with cold Finns also write incendiary gopak! Asked friends to send him pictures of colorful fellow, sketches, sketches. Here, he and lived until August 1930 and died at the age of 86.
Repin especially helped in supplying the "apprentice" material archaeologist, historian, ethnographer, folklorist and writer Dmitry Yavornytsky. Their friendship lasted for forty-four years. Dmitri Ivanovich was a kind of chief advisor Repin, when he created the painting "The Cossacks writing a letter to the Sultan." Yavornytsky gave the artist all that was needed: a book on the history of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, his collection of ancient weapons, Uhocha, boots, tube, jar with vodka, dug the grave in the Cossack, even a skull found in Chertomlitskoy camp. Gave pictures Zaporozhye flag, old paintings and Dnieper rapids. Yavornytsky himself depicted in the painting in the form of a clerk.
When conceived Repin to paint "Hopak - dancing Cossacks, then immediately turned the letter asking for help to Yavornytsky. Dmitri Ivanovich sent in "Penaty" several of his historical books, Zaporozhye flag, photos of descendants of Zaporizhzhya pilots.
But this work has moved slowly. Repin - 85 years. His health deteriorated. He complains of fatigue, cold in the studio.
Repin's daughter Vera Ilinichna immediately after the death of his father wrote Yavornytsky. Sent his latest photographs, reported that the painting "Hopak - dance of the Cossacks" in Stockholm. Lamented the fact that she is guilty and that Elijah E. did not live longer: "If it had been to take out his father in Italy (he kept wanting to bask in the sun), he would have lived to 100 or 90 years - it is very wet, revmatichno, the father of a cold, had bronchitis, rheumatism feet - cold floor first floor. Always happy and cheerful, he is for four months before his death, also wrote "Hopak" and "Knight". How much he has patience, a body! He has five days before his death, was sitting at a round table, but have become swell legs and lungs, the heart was weak. "
In 1940 Kuokalla again went to the USSR, and "Penaty was opened memorial museum Repin.
He loved his "Penaty. And always remember, "hearth and home" Sirotinskiy. Remembering simple rural people who genuinely loved. From Sirotin began the way of the future of a great artist in St. Petersburg, to the glory and worship nationwide.
15.11.2010, 02:34
Repin - icon painter in Luhansk
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