Pencil drawing: from Orestes Kiprensky to Kazimir Malevich

[Тютчев]

Best pencils Russia

Dmitry Smolev

Exposure "Pencil drawing: from Orestes Kiprensky to Kazimir Malevich" Tretyakov Gallery has continued to show a cycle "Techniques and materials schedules. From the vaults of the museum to display recovered two hundred and fifty pages of the best artists of the past.

For the vast majority of people drawing in pencil is the first in a lifetime experience familiarizing the visual arts. Of course, from the infant "kalyaki-malyaki" to the professional ownership of the instrument - a huge distance, but still even on the museum's exhibition the viewer may feel a spiritual affinity with the material. That paper, here's graphite core, this is the hand of the author - and no fraud, no secrets, and technological tricks ...

Although, of course, there are tricks and secrets. One of the main tasks of the exhibition and is the demonstration of techniques, which were used by artists, drawing pencil. Do not expose sake, but for knowledge. The expression "pencil drawing" in the title should not be interpreted too narrowly. Familiar to all products of wood and graphite does not exhaust the range of possibilities, especially when talking about times past.

Painted once pencils silver and lead (and subsequently using them stylized old). In the XIX century, especially popular was the so-called "Italian pencil, which had a pleasing creaminess and richness of tone. Some authors have liked lithographic pencil, actually designed for the needs of printmaking. Exist at the exhibition and works made charcoal, sauce, sanguine, and even more often a combination of several materials. Usually the label in such cases, write "mixed", but here all transcribed in detail, since I promised the educational aspect.

True, the scenes pictures and names of their authors probably will attract more public attention than the particular technology. Until they see, when you discover in the exposition pencil versions of "The Appearance of Christ to the people," Alexander Ivanov or sketch for the painting "The Cossacks writing a letter to Turkish Sultan" by Ilya Repin. Or when to delve into the contents of genre scenes "bigamist" by Basil Pukireva - the bride in a swoon, the former wife owed the priest at the altar, spreads his hands ...

Indeed, if you want to understand how the beautiful "kitchen" Experience a world of pencil sketches, drawings, sketches. All the famous painting begins with them. Because the exhibition in the Tretyakov Gallery and was so much material of this kind. They are extremely entertaining, but sometimes the entertaining distraction from the advantages enjoyed by the drawings, are not directly connected with the creation of paintings.

Have always been painters, felt the intrinsic value of a pencil. Remember at least lists Vrubel, Valentin Serov, Konstantin Somov - they do not look preparatory work for "something more", and are complete and full-fledged masterpiece. However, even where there are no masterpieces, still show up the highest class and confident figure of merit. So then taught - in the Imperial Academy of Arts, the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, in other institutions. For example, in the exhibit included student nature studies, made in his youth, Alexander Ivanov, Ilya Repin, Ivan Picture. Genius is genius, and the school - here it is.

Fragments of a pencil puzzle add up to a fairly complete picture. The whole history of Russian art from the late XVIII - early XX century here as the palm. And while no cloths ... The exhibition, of course, can only be seen as an annex to the main museum. Most likely, since she would be perceived by most visitors. However, the most perceptive and observant of them need to feel the peculiar intonation, is typical of pencil drawings. They are much closer to the original impulses and motives of the author, than the big picture. From them and grow the fine arts.

http://www.izvestia.ru/culture/article3147985/

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The "State Tretyakov Gallery opens its store" Pencil drawing: FROM Orest Kiprensky TO THE CASIMIR MALEVICH

29 October - 17 April 2011

   
Lavroushinsky, 10, room № 49-54

The Tretyakov Gallery is the next, fourth, the exhibition series "Techniques and materials schedules," which is dedicated to one of the oldest and most exquisite visual techniques - pencil drawing. Wealth of drawing pencil techniques, the diversity of methods and techniques of drawing reveals the artist endless possibilities for improvisation.

The exhibition introduces the viewer to the selected masterpieces of graphic collection galleries, performance of various kinds of pencils - graphite, charcoal, Italian, sanguine, colored pencils - the famous masters of the picture - A. Orlov, O. Kiprensky, A. Venetsianov, K. Bryullov, A. Ivanov, VP Fedotov, A. Savrasov, I. Shishkin, Repin, V. Serov, M. Vrubel, K. Somov, F. Malyavin, BA Grigoryev, K. Malevich.

Pencil drawing - the beginning of the Fine Arts. Without the pencil does not do any one artist. The word "pencil" comes from the Turkic "kara tash" - black stone. Ability to "quick response", the portability and mobility give him an advantage over other techniques and tools. Inseparable companion artist - pencil fixes the birth plan and steps for its further formation. At the same time drawing exists as a separate art form has its own language, its own specific laws and their history.

In pencil are many varieties - silver, lead, graphite, Italian, wax, color, lithographic, and others, as well as a wide range of related materials, whose work combines the notion of "dry of drawing" technique - charcoal, sanguine, sauce. Techniques for working with these materials are diverse, they pronounced individuality of the master, his temperament, sense of form, natural talent and professionalism.

 From a wide range of varieties and pencil methods of work of each epoch chose the most consistent with it. Classicism appreciate the beauty of a strict linear pattern, Romanticism - pictorial strokes and contrasting comparisons, artists Wanderers pencil perceived as a "humble worker", the era of modern regained self-sufficiency of the line and gave the aesthetic value of the very process of drawing.

The Tretyakov Gallery has a unique collection of drawings by Russian artists, which adequately reflects the diverse and the development of this art in Russia. The exhibition, comprising more than 250 works, allows to follow step by step process.

The exhibition presents rare sheets of the XVIII century, made popular then, and now nearly obsolete, and silver pencil on paper, leaving a faint trace of silver and lead, which features a dark gray tone with a slight metallic tinge.

In the first half of the XIX century the Russian artists of the distribution was received two pencils - Italian and graphite. The so-called "Italian pencil, come to us from Italy, - a soft pencil, which has a matte velvety and rich black tones, giving the picture a special grace and warmth. Italian pencil well the vague outlines of light and a gentle haze of light and shade.

Visitors can see the pencil portraits O. Kiprensky, A. Orlov, V. Tropinin, F. Bruni and the whole galaxy of masters of the genre. In pencil lead varying degrees of hardness and intensity, creating a grayish tone of the paper with a slight sheen. Strict lines of graphite pencil drawing report clarity and firmness. Examples of perfect craftsmanship and a variety of style pencil drawings in the exhibition represent the works of A. Savrasov, V. Serov, Kustodiev, BA Grigoryev, K. Somov.

At the end of XIX century in the arsenal of graphic artists, along with black and graphite appear colored pencils (in the drawings by L. Bakst, K. Somov, V. Serov, M. Vrubel). More than any other drawing with crayons paid tribute to F. Malyavin, known for his expressive drawings, in which a riot of color lines and strokes, "revive" his famous "woman."

According to its expressive possibilities and principles of the pencils are similar techniques such as charcoal, chalk, paste, pastel. The unusual softness and friability of these materials give the picture a special beauty. Free sweeping sanguine drawings, supplemented with chalk or charcoal, look expressive and picturesque. Coal is its deep black creates a larger than Italian pencil, color saturation and depth of chiaroscuro tones, has large potential for transmission of pictorial effects.

A variety of visual possibilities of a pencil drawing fully demonstrated at the exhibition, allowing a wide range of viewers and connoisseurs and gourmets' figure to enrich their understanding of the techniques of drawing and get real pleasure from graphic masterpieces of Russian art.