draw attention to this profession because we have decided that the restorer, as opposed to art historians and experts on art, antiques knows the problem inside. The value of restorers greatly underestimated, because their participation in the cultural and market processes, as it were hidden. However, do not be restorers of antiques market would look quite different from what many masterpieces simply would not have survived to this day.
To understand and appreciate the full significance of these professionals, you need to delve into the history of national restoration. Surprisingly, the domestic school of restoration began to emerge only after the Great October Revolution. It was nationalized after the revolution, thousands of exhibits from private collections, and the so-called "subjects" of the cult began to flock to the state museums. The increase in collections and has led to the establishment in the country's largest museum restoration divisions. So there were two schools of restoration: Moscow and Leningrad. The head of the Moscow School was an outstanding figure of Russian culture, Igor Grabar, director of the restoration workshop at the Russian Museum in Leningrad, was appointed an experienced artist-restorer NA Okolovich. Naturally, for the restoration of various kinds of exhibits had to rethink the traditional methods of restoration of national schools. In the future when the country's leading art colleges were established faculties restoration - as professionals sorely lacking. Besides, in Moscow and Leningrad in the secondary art schools have also opened Restoration Branch. The quality of training institutes and colleges was roughly equal, the only difference was only receive diplomas. The Soviet school of restoration occurred in a very short period, and this despite the fact that a Soviet republic experienced a huge shortfall. It is worth pondering, as in a poor, devastated after the First World and the Civil War found the country and means, and experts who have managed not only to preserve cultural heritage, but also to create a national school of restoration, and the relevant departments in museums and repositories. Modern Russia can not boast of anything similar (although the country has doubled annually the number of billionaires).
Necessary to emphasize the fundamental difference between Russia's restoration of the western schools. We are preparing, especially, art restorers, not technology experts. In the training includes the study of drawing, painting, copying of works by old masters and restoration practices in the museums of the country. It restorer into the world of old painting from the inside, starting with the foundation, grounds, pigments, which were used in different historical times, finishing the study of artistic style and handwriting.
Strange as it sounds, the restoration has reached a new level after the Great Patriotic War. When the Nazis took to rebuild their shattered palaces, to recreate the old sketches of the painting. The restorers had to master the old artistic techniques and manner of writing. Groups of Peterhof, the Catherine Palace in Pushkin, and others, no less important objects of the national culture still exist due to the feat of the Soviet restorers, who have done enormous work for their revival.
Russia school restoration and is now considered one of the best in the world. Strictly speaking, there are two world school of restoration - Russian and American. In the United States prefer to use all sorts of technological innovations, such as "vacuum table" - a method that is used to enhance the picturesque layer. Our conservators are delicately, their labor - a thin hand-made, when the artist is working consistently centimeter by centimeter. On a European school is out, because there are restoring rather as the technological process, which affects the artistic quality. For example, in a museum in Cologne is an excellent work of Rubens, which has undergone several restorations, and it is difficult to say whether it was any better: many toning visible to the naked eye. The fact that European restorers, not further ado, are a special color palette table, where each color is given tone layout. The picture is divided into zones, and the loss of tinting purely mechanically, in accordance with this layout. Russia restorer never stoop to such clumsy manipulation. His work - co-creation, when he, as an artist, sees the form, appends the lost places, some of which are from the entire fragments of works to several square millimeters.
Russia is often criticized for technological backwardness, but it's worth noting that the technologies are different. If we compare, for example, German and domestic cars, the comparison would not be in favor of the latter. In the restoration of the same and other "delicate matter" related to individual skills and creative thinking, the situation is exactly the opposite. No wonder in the 1990's, when many local restorers were able to freely travel to Europe to earn their pleasure to invite as museums and private collectors. Then, for $ 1000 per month (the amount that our citizens were just astronomical) could get a job of such a level for which such a specialist in the West, sought to tens or even hundreds of times more. For comparison: if the average salary restorer in the U.S. at that time was $ 75 per hour, then our restorers were paid no more than 7 (at that level was far higher). Fortunately, today the situation has changed, and that their positive role was played by the ever-increasing number of Russian auctions.
The fact that the word painting restorer with attribution is very often decisive, and not for nothing that all the major antique shops are staffed by several restorers. And if necessary, invite to consult and restorers of the museums. For only the restorer of the eye can determine when the picture was painted - 80, 100 or 200 years ago. Only he knows how to time the old paint, and how it happens. After profession restorer implies knowledge not only of drawing, painting or art history, but also chemistry, physics, composition of materials used in painting. Few people know that there is not only the author's style of painting, but the author's style of painting aging.
http://www.art-con.ru/node/124
06.11.2008, 20:48
Value of restorers underestimated
Линейный вид
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