A significant part of the artists clearly revealed sympathy for the aestheticism and formalism in art, to the modern bourgeois decadent art culture. It is significant that the meeting of the Moscow artists in October 1956 decided to apply for restoration of the Museum of New Western Art, for many years served as a source of propaganda unprincipled art.
Great success with artists, especially in the artistic youth, enjoy the exhibition, where you can find works of decadent, formalistic nature. Often, these exhibitions are a peculiar pilgrimage aesthetically-minded artists who loudly express his or her disagreement with the principles of realist art. Book reviews in such exhibitions contain a record with an open defense of formalism.
Under the pretext of combating the cult of personality have been numerous incidents of opposition to ideology and partisanship of the Soviet art, against the method of socialist realism.
Distributed by the opposition decadent phenomena in the art of the past as a supposedly brilliant - the art of socialist realism, supposedly - gray and mediocre.
In this regard, attention is drawn to the following, essentially non-Soviet record, made in the guest book at the exhibition of the artist's MA Vrubel: 3 "Well, that recent years have given at least some outlet freedom in art. You can not promote only one socialist realism, which has long been replaced with color photography and film. If given the opportunity, then our great nation will give birth to more new Vrubel. Decadent and symbolist M. Vrubel - great, but you, leading figures of socialist realism, pathetic pygmies! Pessimist Vrubel - a genius, but you are optimistic, full of calves' delight, nobody! "
Many major realist artists who have made a great contribution to the development of Soviet deeply ideological theme paintings and sculptures are often insulting remarks.
However, unduly increase the influence of the mass of artists gifted painters, sculptors and critics, many of which are retained or are trying to develop in his work aesthetically formalist tendencies. In the Moscow Union of Artists have a great influence critics OM Beskin, VI Kostin, AA Kamensky, SA Ginevskii known for their aesthetically views.
Characteristically, at the Moscow meeting of artists in December 1956 have not been elected delegates to the First All-Union Congress of Soviet artists such masters as AM Gerasimov, EV Vucetich, MG Manizer, SM Orlov, AI Laktionov, VP Evan, NV Tomsk, GI Motovilov, FP Reshetnikov, AM Gritsay, PP Sokolov-Skalya, PA Krivonogov, NN Zhukov.
BV Johanson, although he was elected a delegate, but the number of votes obtained became one of the most recent sites (157 out of 173).
In Kiev, there was no elected delegates artists SA Grigoriev, VI Kasiyan and others.
However, elected at the congress were many weak artists aesthetically formalist direction and demagogues (eg IL Bruni).
The new government of the Moscow Union of Soviet Artists in October 1956 were elected to such artists and critics, who for years championed the formalist views (O. Beskin, Robert Falk, PV Kuznetsov, VV . Rozhdestvensky, AA Kamensky) .4
Using fair discontent artists deficiencies in our art, looking up formalist elements are trying to lead the creative unions and impose its erroneous program.
A number of artists and critics spoke out against the party and state leadership skill. At a meeting of the Moscow artists in October 1956, the critic VI Costin indignantly said: "Can We need more officials, standing over the creative unions!"
This same critic, in November 1956 at a meeting in the Ministry of Culture of the USSR threw a replica, the meaning of which is the demand - to release the union of artists from the party leadership.
At the same meeting the artist, IL Bruni said: "I am deeply convinced that we exist or not exist, for our governing bodies, it does not matter, it is important only that the written any guidance ..."
At meetings of artists in Moscow and Leningrad were unfounded, baseless condemnation printed in the newspaper Pravda, and in the journal "Kommunist" article PP Sokolova-Skalya, 5 KA Sitnik and NV Tomsk, 6 in which uphold the principles of ideology and partisanship of art. At the same time, the erroneous article AO Ginevskii, 7 AA Kamensky and IE Grabar, published in the "New World", "Art" and "Literary Gazette, the Union of Artists in Moscow and Leningrad were warmly approved. Meanwhile, in these deeply perverse articles, to revise the principles of realism, run through the successes of Soviet art, to discredit him the most prominent representatives - realists, lauded formalists, were built in the foundations of creativity principles of bourgeois individualism. A striking example of the depravity of the positions of these authors are the provisions of Article AA Kamensky ( "New World", 1956, № 7), in which the critic in opposition to the principles of partisanship and folk art - the principles of individualism. Kamensky wrote: "Its point of view, his attitude, his view of things - that particularly helps the artist to express in the painting a sense of modernity, to draw a solid, impressive image from a mere pile of facts."
As reported to me earlier, at meetings of the Leningrad Union of artists took place and direct anti-Soviet statements. Thus, in one of these meetings in December 1956 approved the benefits of social order and institutions of England before the Soviet order. A group of young people tried to organize one of the squares of Leningrad rally against by the USSR policy iskusstva.8 among artists of Leningrad there were provocative statements hostile character, sympathetically encountered were present. Thus, for example, visited the USSR, the French artist Kayyar during interviews with the Leningrad artists and students advised the latter to renounce their views, to abandon all its achievements. This statement was greeted by the audience sympathy.
It is characteristic that such politically incorrect statements did not meet at the meetings of artists in Moscow and Leningrad proper resistance. Moreover, part of the audience applauded them, and some correct statement is accompanied by whistling, stamping, and noise.
Unhealthy performances often receive special approval from the young artists and students of art schools.
All this shows that the ideological and educational work in the Artists' Union, and partly in art education started.
Party organizations of Moscow and Leningrad union of artists do not lead a decisive struggle with the politically incorrect performances, relate to them conciliatory.
The leaders of Moscow and Leningrad union of artists - the Communists FS BOGORODSKII and IA Silver did not suppress false and harmful statements made by individual artists and critics at meetings in the union. Moreover, they often set the wrong tone for the speeches at the meetings. For example, FS Bogorodsky in his report at a meeting of the Moscow artists in October 1956, said: "Here we must emphasize the fact that no one is as good as the artists themselves are not aware of professional affairs, and none are more accountable to the people, as they are, because once they sign their works, which remain in museums, experiencing their temporary bosses (Applause.) ".
The leaders of Party organizations, unions artists are often the Communists, had no authority among the artists.
Many members of the Communist Party of the number of critics and artists advocate the pioneers of unhealthy attitudes, support for opponents of the party line in art. Their behavior is unprincipled, inconsistent with the burrows of party ethics and with the party discipline.
Thus, at a meeting of the Moscow artists in October 1956, the Communist AI Pisarev made, for example, such a statement to employees of state and party apparatus, the governing Union of Artists: "All these nurses, as small boys, shove us in their mouths nipples ... Sucked we pacifier cult of personality, pomp, ostentation ... Now come up with a new pacifier, so we are not yelling natural voice, a healthy and productive child.
Neither this nor any other false statements have not been Communists criticized.
At the same general, non-party meeting of the Moscow artists Communists GA Nedoshivina and AO Ginevskii made a statement that the articles PP Sokolova-Skalya, KA Sitnik and NV Tomsk, placed in the central press organs of our party - Pravda and Kommunist - are harmful, causing damage the prestige of the Soviet culture. Communists SA Ginevskii, GA Nedoshivina, DV Sarabyanov contributed to the non-party meeting expressed formally disagreed with the fundamental, largely correct articles of the central party press on art.
Ibid DV Sarabyanov, knowing about the politically incorrect positions VI Kostina, formalist convictions OM Beskin AA Kamensky, criticized the Party press, proclaimed them the most fundamental and advanced Soviet critics.
Aware of the error position VI Kostina, speaking against the party leadership skill, a communist, GA Nedoshivina put forward his candidacy for congress delegates artists from the artists of Moscow. Asked why so unprincipled nomination GA Nedoshivina replied that VI Costin, although dimwitted people, but occupies a special position and therefore should submit to Congress a definite trend in the criticism.
In October 1956, Communist Sarabyanov made at the Moscow Union of Artists of the program report, which recognized the formalism of a positive role in the development of Soviet art in the first post-revolutionary years, on the grounds that the artists formalists "agitated" Soviet society. In the transcripts of such irresponsible statements are sometimes unrecognizable smooth one's hair.
Kommunistha TG Weber, who took part in the decision of the Party Group of the Moscow section of the critics of the nomination at the convention art director of the Tretyakov Gallery PI Lebedeva, at a general meeting of the Moscow critics made a withdrawal of his candidacy.
Communist ML Neumann, despite the fact that his candidacy was not supported by the Party Group of the Moscow critics as a delegate to Congress, the general meeting of the critics had not made a rejection when his name was proposed by the non-Party comrades. Even after the Party group of the Moscow Artists' Union v. Neumann did not put forward as a candidate for Congress delegates, but took himself out of the list for voting.
Similar examples of misconduct Communist artists and art can be given.
In the Artists' Union in Moscow and Leningrad decisive role in addressing issues often now belongs to the mass of non-party painters and sculptors - artists handicraft type. Party groups unions are often unable to carry out their important decisions. For example, despite the decision of the Party Group of the Moscow Union of Soviet Artists Union general meeting of members excluded from the list of candidates for delegates NV Tomsk and GI Motovilova.9 were voted down, many candidates put forward by the party group, and candidates who did not receive the support of party groups, were elected to Congress.
Glove with just lifting its head formalistic elements, performers, artisans engaged in discrediting prominent artists-realists, in favor of the egalitarian approach to the allocation of funds and orders without the talent and skills of artists.
The ideological work of the Academy of Arts of the USSR because of its weakness does not help improve the situation in the field of fine arts. Effect of the Institute of History of Art Academy of Sciences of the USSR on the development of Soviet artistic culture can not be positive, as the head of his face Vols. IE Grabar and DV Sarabyanov occupying positions purely aesthetically.
Held in late December 1956 XVII Plenary Session of the Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet artists revealed serious shortcomings in the preparation of 1-st All-Union Congress of Soviet Artists.
Keynote address at the congress, which prepares v. BV Johanson, as well as some other reports (eg, MV Alpatova, Akimov), 10 submitted for consideration by the Plenary Session of the Organizing Committee, have been poorly written, sometimes contain fundamentally erroneous, did not give the answer to many of the key creative issues raised at pre-Congress discussions.
This raises concerns that the Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists Union will not provide adequate training to the 1 st All-Union Congress of the artists, and Congress can not be conducted on a high ideological and theoretical level and will not serve to protect the principles of socialist realism.
All the evidence suggests that many Soviet artists caught up in an alien, bourgeois ideology, and unions of artists and their party organizations failed to prevent this, do not give adequate resistance to the harmful and misleading statements made.
The growth of unhealthy political mood in the unions of artists, of course, can cause serious harm to the development of advanced Soviet art.
Ministry of Culture of the USSR is drawn to the Central Committee with a request to undertake the following activities.
1. Invite to talk to the Central Committee a group of Soviet artists and critics.
2. Provide guidance to the editor of Pravda and the journal "Kommunist" published a series of articles on topical issues of artistic life, which expose the deep criticism of rampant among artists antirealisticheskie vzglyady.11
3. Provide guidance to the Moscow city and the Leningrad City Party Committee on strengthening the leadership of Party organizations respective unions experienced party workers, as well as on the improvement of ideological and educational work among the members of unions.
4. Instruct the Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists Union to convene an All-Union Congress of the artists in a timely manner. To prepare for the All-Union Congress of the artists and the final editing of reports offered by Congress to help form the Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists Union commission composed of: BS Ryurikov, VI Pakhomov, BV Johansson, AS Pashchenko, PM Sysoev and Ya.D. Romasa.12
5. Recognize the work of the Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists Union to lead the election of delegates to the congress of local unions unsatisfactory because it failed to ensure the election of many prominent Soviet artists, whose participation at the Congress is necessary.
Offer Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists Union to ensure the election of delegates to the Congress as an outstanding painters and sculptors of Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev in the collections of artists in the Soviet republics. Provide for the Republican Union of artists right to hold further elections of delegates to the increase in the strength of these alliances.
Entrust the Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists of the USSR to the agenda of the forthcoming congress of the issue of re-registration of the Union of Soviet Artists in order to transfer to the candidates of all persons, not proven creative work. This all the random, non-creative elements in the unions will lose their right to vote.
6. Suggest Moscow and Leningrad City Party Committee to consider breaches of party ethics during the pre-Congress discussions during the election of Congress delegates artists and critics - the Communists. In particular, the Moscow City Party Committee would be appropriate to discuss the behavior of the communists - AI Pisarev, SA Ginevskii, DV Sarabyanova, GA Nedoshivina, TG Weber, ML Neumann. In addition, it is advisable to consider blunting the political vigilance among comrades FS Bogorodsky and IA Silver, who did not give adequate resistance to the persons acting in alliance with a vicious and demagogic speeches.
Suggest presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR to consider strengthening the leadership of the Institute of History of Art.
Minister of Culture of the USSR Mikhailov
Resolution: "The Secretariat of the Central Committee. T. Suslov. Khrushchev. 28/01/1957. "To send Secretary [pits] of the CC CPSU, 2) Pospelov. Suslov. "To introduce the secretaries of the CC (Gavrilov).
Litters: "I read. Suslov. Read. Pospelov. Brezhnev. Shepilov. Belyaev. "Accepted in the 2 nd sector.
F. 5. Op. 36. D. 48. L. 16-24. Original.
Notes:
1 January 23, 1957 document sent to NS Khrushchev, 28 January - MA Suslov, January 30, put in the 2 nd sector General Division, February 9 - directed PN Pospelov, February 11 - LI Brezhnev, February 19 - DT Shepilov, February 26 - NI Belyaev, February 27 - EA Furtseva, February 28 - Department of Culture, March 19 - decommissioned in the archive. On stamp paper of the Protocol Department of the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee.
2 Date of filing of the CPSU Central Committee.
3 For the first time in the Soviet Union works MA Vrubel exhibited at the "Exhibition for the 100-th anniversary of M. Vrubel, which opened on Dec. 10, 1956 at the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.
4 Falk, RR (1886-1958) - painter, member of the Jack of Diamonds ". Still lifes, landscapes, portraits, Kuznetsov, PV (1878-1968) - painter. Decorative - generalized genre and landscape scenes on the life of Central Asian nomads of the East; Christmas VV (1884-1963) - painter. Member of "Jack of Diamonds". Landscapes, still lifes, genre scenes.
5 Sokolov-Skalya P. Painter and the people //True. 1956. October 15.
6 Sitnik K., Tomsk N. For the full flowering of Soviet art //Communist. 1956. № 4.
7 Ginevskii A. On the eve of the Congress //Art. 1956. № 3.
8 At the end of 1956, was arrested by a group of young Leningrad, headed by R. Pimenov and B. Vejle for participation in underground circles, distributing leaflets critical of the regime (see: Alekseeva LA history of dissent in the Soviet Union. Vilnius. 1992. S. 201).
9 Motovilov GI (1884-1963) - sculptor.
10 Alpatovs MV (b. 1902) - art historian, educator, Akimov NP (1901-1968) - film director and artist, People's Artist of the USSR.
11 See: The high calling of a Soviet artist //True. 1957. March 9, high debt artist //Izvestiya. 1957. 9 March; Zardaryan O. et al Remember the people, serve the people //Soviet art. 1957. 23 February; Abolina R. Growing skill Sculpture //Soviet culture. 1957. May 18.
12 First All-Union Congress of the artists was held from 28 February to 7 March 1957
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And here's another interesting ссылочка on the same topic
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http://www.maslovka.org/modules.php?...ge&pid=453
11.09.2008, 10:21
An interesting historical document
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