The reforms in post-revolutionary Russia touched and art education. In 1918 the Stroganov Artistic and Industrial School was transformed into the first and the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - in the second free state art workshops (Svomas). Decree of People's Commissars in 1920 they joined the Moscow Higher Art (Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops). In 1926 it was reorganized and until 1930, has not yet been closed, there was already a Vhutein (Higher Artistic-Technical Institute).
The new university actively pursue innovative teaching methods, based on the formal analytical approach. After mastering the formal disciplines (painting, sculpture, architecture, design) in the main compartment - the first step, common to all vhutemasovtsev - students continued their studies on eight special schools: "productive" and relates to the field of "pure art".
Poligraffak considered productive faculty. More than once he changed his name: Printed Faculty (1920), graphic-printed (1921-1922), Art-Printing (1924-1926), Printing (1925-1930). Here, artists trained in specialties: lithographic work, metal engraving (photomechanics and etching), typographic case. Since 1921 the Faculty of education has already passed in five specialties: lithography, etching, woodcut, photomechanics and printing. The last three were closely associated with the work on the book.
Authority figures in the institute was VA Tabor, who initially headed the Department of woodcuts, and later became rector of the Higher Art. He was convinced that the "outdated" tradition of teaching techniques, graphics, inherited from the Stroganov School, has a distinctive culture of the material. Therefore, the faculty sought to introduce into the modern polygraph wealth of centuries-old graphic culture. Subsequently, many pets Poligraffaka, such as AA Deineka and Yu Pimenov, proficient in both book and magazine, and poster and easel graphics.
That VA Tabor and N. Piskarev who led ksilografsko-typographic Poligraffaka office, set the task of creating art books in the new production conditions, imposed in the walls of the university, the term "mock-up books. In the study, students were printing at the same time as the authors of the layout and illustrations, presented as an individual thesis project book.
Exposure works connected the greatest masters, taught in the Higher Art - Vhuteine, and the earliest experience of their pets. By training and diploma work noticeably leaning students to different stylistic directions, which belonged to the teachers: VA Tabor, PI Lviv, VD Falileev and other curators of the exhibition select among the works of masters, those that guide the students, in particular N. Kupreyanova lithographs, etchings II Nivinsky, drawings PV Miturich.
In two museum halls rebuilt some stages of the educational process. They can be seen in the task of composition, color and three-dimensional solution of nature, made LA Zholtkevich, NI Lapshin, EV Gurevich. Student sheets are all techniques that have worked vhutemasovtsy (for example, drawing or lithograph), reflects the teaching special subjects.
In different years the artists and their heirs donated many works of the Tretyakov Gallery, helping to create a collection of related Poligraffakom. Long-term project "State Tretyakov Gallery in Krymsky Val opens its reservists" allows to show this collection, usually located in the funds.
Among the works never before exhibited, - saved the entire thesis of AD Goncharov, EA Afanasyeva, ID Kuleshov, M. Axelrod and IA spinel, as well as separate lists of diploma works BF Sukhanov, J. S. Telishevskogo and other graduates Poligraffaka. Diverse set of authors' works are added to the ensemble, the atmosphere of creative search and experiments in art college new type. The story of the Higher Art - Vhuteine complement archival photos and documents.
The exhibition is open to the public from June 19 to October 18, 2009.
Source: Press release of the State Tretyakov Gallery
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18.06.2009, 06:42
"Poligraffak Vtutemasa - Vhuteina. Teachers and students "
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