The famous Odessa Lev Dobriansky

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Lev Dobriansky (born in Odessa in 1864), a gentleman, a graduate of the Richelieu Lyceum, was one of Europe's best violin makers. Instruments made Dobriansky, got famous collectors Shrekker, Knopp, Mendelssohn and others, as well as outstanding musicians Kubelik, Burmeister, Kettner, Joachim, Rozenmayer. In 1902 Lev was invited to Germany to repair the instruments belonging to Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria. Credibility Dobriansky was so great that he was appointed chief curator of the collection of violins His Majesty Nicholas II.
In 1936 one of his best violins Lev gave to the Museum Gift to Stalin ". Violin decorated with the emblem of the Soviet Union, the musical tone stitching International and saying VI Lenin's "Without art and is art, we will never achieve the beauty and majesty of our ideas." Obviously, the leader appreciated the significance of a gift, as Dobryansky instantly have improved living conditions - from the attic, where he lived, he moved into a normal apartment. Until 1938. he lived on ul.Ostrovidova, 74. In 1938, LV Dobriansky moved to Tar, 15.
Odessa's master violin was often confused with a Stradivarius violin.

"Odessa Stradivarius" Lev Dobriansky, known throughout Europe as a consummate restorer of Italian violins. He not only cleared the voice tools of many musicians, but he himself has created about thirty violins. During his experiments of the last century there was a famous violin "Germany", which in the years 1910-1913 played a Czech, Jan Kubelik. All so fascinated by the voice of the violin, that because of her musician from time to time to even put aside his "Emperor" of the work of Stradivari. It seemed that the myth of the uniqueness of the Cremona school scattered from Odessa Dobriansky ...

But "Germany" suddenly disappeared: Kubelik assured me that he has no idea how it happened. Unique rarity not found until now. Some tend to believe that the violin destroyed, others say, that it bought for big money and hid it. For Lev Dobriansky had happened was a disaster: his best silent violin. After some time for the next birthday of Stalin's master made violin, on the lower deck, which was elaborately carved coat of arms of the USSR. The tool was trying to buy the Odessa Conservatory, but Dobriansky flatly refused to sell it. The gift was sent to Moscow, where wanted to see the wizard. Dobriansky was awarded a Diploma.
Violin "USSR" in Moscow, at the State Museum of Musical Literature im.M.I.Glinki.Eta was his 1929 violin.
Particularly successful was the violin, made by a master in 1910 gozhu called "joke." According to the well-known musicians of the time, that his violin on the sound quality in no way inferior to violins best Italian violin-makers.

But the verse Lev Dobriansky:
I am a creature of ebullient passions
I'm a ghost, a shadow with a cold despair.
And I love the earth with her sins,
And the heavens, with sinless saint.

Is his collection: Year: 1895
Publisher: Odessa. "Slavic" type. N. Hrisogelos
Authors: Dobriansky, Lev Vladimirovich (18621-1941)
From the world of thoughts and dreams: [poems] /LV Dobriansky. - Odessa: "Slavic" type. N. Hrisogelos, 1895. - [4], 32 sec., 26 cm

In Lev Dobriansky was technology, which included the insertion of custom strings in podgrifok when salt is inserted on a string, and Mi-as usual, but re and la in a diagonal from the salt to a minimum.

Its quality lacquer Dobriansky made after analysis and indetifikatsii some components of varnishes used in layouts, the old guns.
After a lengthy defense of the city of Odessa a hero, people were evacuated by sea on a few large parahodah subjected to bombing in more.Dobryansky was among those who left Odessu.Ego fate remains unknown after these events.

Published during his lifetime brochure should be in one of the libraries of St. Petersburg.
About Dobryansky you can read in the paper of Choppy, such as "Memories of a forgotten master," published in the Local History collection There is a city in morya.Odessa.1990g.

Read about formkle-article Anisimov. (Anisimov Dobriansky and skripki.Zh.Radyanska music, Univ Mistetstvo, 1938, No. 2.).

Before the war, wrote about Dobryansky known at the time the writer Mikhail Loskutov http://www.forumklassika.ru/entry.php?b=4298. Here is his artwork, as well as mixed reviews about him and Dobryansky of violin makers.

More about him http://www.zn.ua/3000/5050/ SECRET VIOLIN.
http://jewukr.org/observer/eo2003/pa..._ru.php?id=955
Music Encyclopedia
    Dobriansky LV
        Lev (1862 or 1864, Odessa - Fall 1941, ibid) - owls. Violin master. Instr. skills learned on their own. Until 1903 he worked in Odessa in 1903-07 in Munich (Germany). Later - Instr. Master pridv. Orchestra (from 1917 - State. orchestra) in Petrograd. After 1923 he lived in Odessa. D. was the originals. experimenter. His experience in the search for a new form of violin and improve its Loudspeaker. qualities have attracted much attention. The results of their research Dmitry outlined in the essay "Improvement stringed musical instruments known method, invented by LV Dobriansky (Odessa, 1891). Published an article "A Guide to Evaluation and acquisition of stringed instruments" (Southern Music Journal, 1916, No 5-6, 9-10, 13-14, 15-16). Author Sat poems "Flashes and gusts" (Odessa, 1891), the libretto of the opera "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai A. Fedorov (Constant 1895, Ekaterinoslav).
Literature: The tour, the brothers, The Comrade. Dobryansky (reformer violin), Izvestia, 1935, 28 September, No 227; Osipov AI and Noises M., Violin "USSR" (work violinmaker LV Dobriansky), Izvestia, 1937, April 4; V. Anisimov, Lev Dobryansky i Yogo violin, "Radyans'ka Music", 1938, No 2, pp. 29-42; Radin A., Violin (creative work of masters Dobriansky), "Soviet Ukraine", 1939, March 30, No 73.

"For more than forty years through the hands of masters of the past more than five thousand instruments. In 1938, by decision of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR was created under the direction of master violin LV Dobriansky." (Odessa 1920-1965. ... Events People ... Facts ... Vladimir Malakhov Izd.Nauka and Technology)
Produced more than 3,000 violins "like Dobriansky.
The basis of his "way to improve the sound of string instruments," Dobriansky on the principle of balancing the mechanical design of the instrument. Created and processed them violins were highly appreciated by artists such as J. Thibault, F. Scott, Shitte, L. Auer, J. Joachim.

Posted 1 minute
Mikhail Loskutov. PORTRAIT violinmaker
  
  
      This essay about a remarkable human life. Now, when I write
these lines, the streets of Odessa, perhaps, is coughing, bent old man in
old straw hat. He leans on his stick. In Odessa, is evening, and in
lane can hear noises of Cathedral Square, the tram, the boulevard, the crowd -
unusual and Odessa. Then another otkudato may be out of the window, -
violin, and in Odessa can not be without a violin.

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Then the old man stops for a moment, and with bowed head, puts to ear
palm. Yes, he recognized the voice.
    Lev Dobriansky - seventy years of life and profession of the Violin
Wizard - walks down the street and leans on his stick, and half the town knows him, and many of
the world know it. Around this name more than forty years tally tangle
extraordinary rumors and glory, the triumphs and slander. Here and articles
encyclopedias and the reputation of an eccentric, the names of musical giants around the world
Life in the attic, and even romantic history of the abduction of invaluable
skripokunikumov. Yes, all of Odessa pronounce this name and tell these
history, and decades of newspapers and magazines publish a note about it and
article entitled "Forgotten Genius" and "our Stradivarius, and it's time to say
Finally a simple and clear - what's the deal.
    Master violin Dobriansky. Means - an essay on the construction of a violin, an instrument
workshop, so - lakes and decks, "the birth of Stradivarius" and "mystery sound". But
now for some time pushed aside questions instrumentovedeniya. I
laboriously make out the facts, lots of circumstances, references, no doubt,
comparisons, and now I feel the urgent need to tell all that I
learned about this man, truly and impartially. This is a story about an unusual
life, thoughts, pain and victories of Lev Vladimirovich Dobriansky, history
a man who was neither a warlord nor a revolutionary, nor even a scientist.
He - a modest master of the violin. But he is in a certain sense, a scholar and, most importantly,
revolutionary that his case.
    Lev Dobriansky going beyond, all the ups and downs of his life, I must touch
routine with which he fought, and routinists whom he touched, there scary
Truth can warp a rumor, and uncertainty in the specifics - call spell
priests, the excitement is inversely proportional to the strength of the basic truth of all
this story.
     Follows Dobriansky, I should talk about violins and all the complex features
his case and his truth. Hence, there will be and decks, and varnishes, and many questions
instrumentovedeniya - a special world of violins, violin shops, smells
old wood, the mystery of birth violin ...
     Open the door to polucherdachnuyu kennel, and lit the lamp. Still unclear visible
surrounding objects - they are unusual and weird to an outsider:
wooden skeletons, hanging along the walls, paints, bars, pieces of wood -
unborn items poluveschi, tools to be more
arise - from materials of science, from the experience and talent of the master. In short, this
the same world of violins, which for forty years already surrounds Lev Vladimirovich.

     Antonio Stradivarius, an ingenious Italian master violins, died in 1737
year. It was perfected affairs of an entire galaxy of "genius of Italians." High
and lean old man in a white cap and a leather apron to ninety-three years
worked in his studio on the square Dominica in Cremona, made nine hundred
Violins and died, taking with him the secrets of his skill. He sold his violin
four louis apiece. They are now estimated at two hundred thousand dollars.
     Violins before he put his own name brand: "Kremonensis. This meant
that violin made in Cremona, and so much more than a symbol of the city.
Cremona - a whole school of violin makers. This is a school teacher of genius
Stradivarius - Nicolo Amati, Guarneri this is a galaxy of famous
predecessors. "Cremona" meant - "out of competition." There has focused
collective experience, handed down from generation to generation masters.
Masters of the Violin Shop - This vintage perfume shop, caste, pungent perfume
priestly incense soars so far above the antique shops around the world.
     There is an expression "Cremona mystery." It has become almost a romance. She
has its own literature, its adventures, its Anek Ota. Answer to the mystery searched
as zharptitsu. "The Alchemist" cooked "varnish Stradivarius." In Europe, made hundreds of
thousands of copies of Amati and Stradivari. By elyvateli fetched an old material
in which the artist works Cremona. Half-mad eccentric Louis Tarrizio
gave his life to collecting all the old Italian violins. Famous
Master Vilom bought all that was left after the death of Stradivarius, even chips.
French scientist Savard breaks down the whole precious tools to
study material.
     All literature, even technical, concerned not so much the essence of most
"Secret", as its flavor. Zharptitsy ghost hangs over the machine almost
Each violin maker. Only the cheapest and do not respect themselves
artisans do not sigh about it.
     On the production of violins to say respectful whisper.
     Do not say - "manufacturing" or "do" the violin. There is a special
expression - "to build a violin." Each violin built as a house, like a ship, as
complex and a great work of art. But build it without blueprints and plans, and
by inspiration.
     If there is chertezhik, then it opens only at night and hides in the most
lurking corner shop. This is a drawing of his own experience. This art plus
a bit of alchemy. This is a great spirit shop master violin.
     Perhaps the greatest success Lev Dobriansky was that his father did not
was a violin maker, and my grandfather was not a master, and he himself was not a student
master violins. He came into this world free and easy gait
an inquisitive person, without the shop load on his shoulders. Before that he was a little
artistomlyubitelem, great shooter, pyrotechnics, published two books
poems and wrote the libretto, "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai. Finally, he
interested in the violin. Perhaps, then said the old love of the former
Orchestra violinist Richelieu gymnasium. And maybe on this matter it
pushed passion issledovatelyaizobretatelya.
     He dealt with varnish for his experiments. Friend said to him: "You know,
antique Italian varnish can not be decomposed. Secret. " He took Italian
cello, and tore off her two cups of lacquer. Here he first encountered the world
"Italian mysteries." Anyway, before it went to forty years
music master and inventor.
     At the end of the last century, newspapers were first notes on
Dobriansky inventions, which have taken the sound of violins. He was summoned to the
Petersburg, chief of the court orchestra and the Music Museum. Constellation
authorities with Professor Auer at the head of his work has given a brilliant review.
Newspapers talk of Dobryansky. In his workshop in Odessa, went to a string of
orders. He sent the violin to convert even from Siberia. Then open
Thanks Dobryansky countless albums. From the crappy tools
it does wonders.
     It was "applied" fame respectable remontera, garderovschika as
they are known in the music world. He is well repairs violins, and the rest
meditation masters nobody was interested.
     In the country it was difficult to breathe innovator. He dreamed of a Europe of open
Air West, on the distant shores, on which the goddess of free live musical and
Science, as he imagined them in school ...
     In 1902 he unexpectedly received an urgent invitation to Munich
famous impresario Julius cetane.
     "Old Munich" say about this city. Old Munich, the city
neatness, quietness, the arts, took a modest visitor politely,
caution may be suspicious. In the opera orchestra Dobryansky
handed over a dozen cheap violin, valued at ten marks.
"Improve it on your way." Dobriansky has improved.
The result was so brilliant that immediately after the examination he was referred to
modifications to its system Stradivarius that belonged to the famous violinist
KaulbahSkott. "I have two Stradivarius," she said, small and large.
Big is good, but not so good fellow, though he was from the masters in London, Paris,
Berlin, they could not do anything. " Dobriansky altered small
Stradivarius, and he became much better. Then he was handed over to big. After
rework it just got even better small. Kaulbah gave a rave ...
     Munich newspaper printed an article entitled: "An invention
epoch-making ". Bavarian prince LyudvigFerdinand handed Dobryansky
your music collection, and Dobriansky brilliantly remade him seventeen
violins. The famous critic, storm the music world, Professor Martin Krause
published in "MyuzikVohe" article, which wrote: "Without envy, we must
say that improvements in the violins that Russian may be
an example to us. The man who set out to improve
Violins, came to this area with the rich store of knowledge, it is the first time
introduced in the theory of violin acoustics. Another prominent music critic
Germany, Max Cope, wrote about Dobryansky as a brilliant master ...
     Munich talking about modest visitors from Odessa. Old Munich.
     Maximilianstrasse wizard step by Lev Dobriansky, looking to
things. Here you can see koechto and much to think about.
       Antonio Stradivarius, an ingenious Italian master violins, died in 1737
year. It was a hundred years ago. And immediately began that the greatest tragedy
violin, which continues to this day. This is a terrible thought came to Leo
Dobryansky not immediately, he rushed to the study of a pile of materials - paper and
material environment of life, and with each new step, among the dark
maze of skill, all the clearer it became that the development of violin
stopped, it then froze on kakimto unclear reasons, enchanted ...
  
     Immediately after the death of the great old man, his successors have picked up in his
shop all unfinished and damaged tools, completed the, stuck
renowned brand of Stradivarius and salable. That world speculation
the name of Stradivarius, which continues to this day, began at the head
the famous corpse.
     These were the violin so-called "fifth" period Stradivarius, or
"PoluStradivarii, they are worse than others.
     His best period is the fourth. Before that he was doing worse than the violin. A
until he had other Nicolo Amati and Stradivarius, and before they had other Amati
and all the Cremona school. A to Cremona was Brescia, and her first born is
that looks like a modern violin.
     Prior to the violin and viola as were the many plucked instruments, and
Japanese "moon guitar", and "Fidelio" and "rebab," which, crossing and
intertwined, gave birth to a distant predecessor, violin. On this
precursor for a long time arguing and debating. They searched for him as Pithecanthropus,
ancestor of our species. And once in a tomb of an ancient warrior who lived near
two thousand years ago, was found a musical instrument - "mole" as they say
some researchers, the ancestor of all stringed instruments.
     And there was a square box with a bow and neck, more like a coffin than
for violin or cello.
     So that the instrument "mole" to house number 1239 on the square in Dominica
Cremona violin worked over so many generations of masters, and finally it
to some perfection brought Guarneri and Stradivarius. It was a long and
collective work to improve the sound. It was held
the dark, in the order of development experience predecessors. Masters of Cremona not
known laws of acoustics. Did not know and could not know these laws or Amati or
Stradivarius or Guarneri. They worked empirically, to the touch and often
achieved much by chance.
So, thank Brescia, Cremona predecessor school was much obliged
that lay nearby extensive coniferous forests. Thus, the Turkish speculators
the seventeenth century helped the development of the violin: they have supplied fraudulent
Italy's poor wavy wood for oars, and it was fortunate for violin
masters, the best tools made of wood with wavy layers.
     Housing violin changed his form - he was also lunoobraznym and ovoid,
until he finally took familiar forms. In vain to think that they
Acoustic deal, "Eureka", a kind of geometric perfection, good luck
immutable in terms of sound. Quite the contrary: they are routine and
antiakustichny.
Heirs of Stradivarius, not knowing the laws of physics, however, were well aware
market laws. Until today, many great masters have achieved perfection
Stradivari and even surpassed it. But no one came out of the limits
enchanted box. Basically, our violin - Advanced
Cremona tool ...
With these wicked thoughts wandered through Munich Odessa strange wizard.
Thought were unusual, the whispers and sneers in response to them could be heard louder.
But strangely, all the objections, each new step in life, and the whole
own experience convinces us of one thing: it's time to loosen up the violin. Her
do not need a tool wizards and the product of the physical office.
To the master began to bring the ancient and renowned violin that all
were good: were very expensive, were beautiful and very famous, but ...
. No matter sounded. Often, the owners brought them secretly embarrassed themselves
themselves. These violins were like a naked king of fairy tales: remember -
King made a famous master costume out of nothing, all believed that this
the lightest fabric, and only one boy shouted that the king is naked.
There were chested Klotz, numerous Steiner, antiakustichnye
Magini, Ruggiero. Then there were all sorts of Budiani, Mariani, Pasta and Diovani
set "italosvetil, often famous junk from Brescia and
Cremona galaxy or of "Neapolitans", "crown" and "Romans."
Sometimes, among them were fine Stradivari, Amati, Guarneri, Gvadanini,
Granchino.
- It's amazing, - said Odessa master - how they succeeded in making these
Strange crates good sounding? It was not science, but only talent -
empiricism, intuition, intuition, good luck ...
It would seem that he needed to enjoy a good order and quiet remodel
these musical bags mandatory forms, celebrated for centuries by poets.
But a strange master, devoid of mystical reverence for the chip, catches
painstaking study of entering the prosaic to the tools. He regrets
only, that is poor and can not cut them to pieces, as fiziologeksperimentator
cut the dead and dogs.
He studies the acoustics and mechanics. From questions Rolt, nuts, strings, varnish, bore in
sound of a violin, it goes to issues of detonation. His works are interested in
musicians and scientists in Germany.
Professor of architectural art consults with him on matters of acoustics and
rhythm.
Munich Professor Roentgen, a great X-rays, the interested phenomena
Detonation comes with a master violin Dobriansky, and they spend together
pm.
This evening in Munich, in which, perhaps, they were both thinking of different and together
may be, of such identical: the rays of light, the light of science, which can be
illuminate the mysteries of matter, living and dead. Both were sufficiently daring
people not to stop before the divine laws, created
ancestors.
Daring ideas as scientific hypotheses, discussion, but often lead to the truth
by the very shortest of the many trails. Alas, these trails in the ancient
issue of the violin, perhaps unnecessarily convoluted, confusing, crooked, old
Poshehonskiy road.

For him to roam and roam kustariodinochki, advertising agents and extremely
art scholars who know the darkness of wisdom, until details of curls on the
violins, and names of the descendants of Stradivari and drawings by Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas
del Sarto on instruments Duffoprugara. In essence - they are doing everything
In addition to solving critical issues. Still here, and generous travel
unsophisticated vospevateli, romanticize "the perfection of form and
traditionally established "truth." They envelop the whole picture of incense and
mist, through which even more difficult to parse chtolibo ...
Now we're talking about a man who walks on this road with a lantern in his hand.
Maybe it's Diogenes, a loner, a man who has found a grain of truth. In
Anyway, the lamp of science and sober thought. On it with metaphors can be
end.
Lev Dobriansky, the master and uchenyyissle ovatel from Odessa
constructed early in this century, the native type of violin.
Let us be allowed to expand the violin conditionally on three, so to speak, of terms:
material, lacquer and the relation of parts, ie, construction, architectural drawing, -
three main elements, the successful resolution of which AET success violin. All three
Need for sound, and it is clear on the ancient masters, having reached this empirically.
The first - matter - maple and spruce. Until now, the top JCU made from spruce and
bottom of maple. In ancient times, this came to the touch. Now talking about this:
spruce - the sound conductivity material on the ground, the ratio of 1:18 for
Comparative table of Helmholtz. In addition, the wood must be dry, without
juices; Stradivarius found particularly spruce or handle it in a special way. Spruce
transmits sound a lot like a sieve, or more precisely - a good receiver of sound waves.
Zaleplenny bad paint tool is broken. Luck in the violin, the
Dobriansky, - forty percent of the cases.
This brings us to the second element and see the paint on an old instrument;
light here, as it seems, comes from the instrument itself - as if under a varnish
is full of a special layer - a good reason for the semi-mystical
enthusiasm. He's really fucking beautiful, this lacquer.
- Italian lacquer - Dobriansky said, - the sunlight as if
loses some its brilliance when the sun's rays directly fall on it
surface, but if chutchut rotate tool, the whole golden
color to the background starts to overflow, like waves, and merges with the general
varnish covering the tool.
The man, a converted eleven Stradivari and had seen in my life
many other "Italians", finds the proper word for the feelings of pure
aesthetics. But he remains a researcher. He knows that there were some good
Trees on this lacquer. But there was also a simple way to distinguish them from the present.
Enough to cut out the shape of paper, attach it to an instrument
put for two days on the light and the figure zapechatleetsya the violin.
The fact that the Italian lacquer for two hundred and three hundred years the sun has already given all that
could, of his color, but retained their essential properties, not only beautiful,
but Mr. acoustic. Here comes the stage chemist. The violin is really
so delicate and sensitive apparatus that even sweat stains on her influence
the sound, Mr. scarves under the chin Violin - regular phenomenon.
Dobriansky lifelong dislike of long-haired violin: they start
hands in hair. The violinist must be surrounded by clean, as assistant. Once
rich mama's boy brought him to heal the violin - it is quite
lost her voice.
- Do you wash your hands after eating? - He asked.
- I'm not a doctor.
- It does not matter. I understand everything. In the morning you play in your pajamas and guests
relatives. Your violin is hopeless. Fat does not appear ...
Briefly - there are alcohol and oil paints, they both have
advantages and disadvantages. Studied the varnish on early instruments,
Dobriansky has established that he was not alcoholic and not oily. And maybe that
and another? Yes, the synthesis of both varnishes. After a long search he was able to connect
two categories of paint and create your own recipe. Not my job to decipher the "mystery
varnish "Dobriansky, and there are no recipes, we come to the third term
Violin - forms and proportions.
Below will be told about the proportions and scale length "body" of a violin, a complex law
the ratio of parts, the "balance", which should balance the two pressures
- Cavity and chord strings.
But is it possible to subject these laws shape of the violin? to improve their
acoustic data? Are they immutable from age to age, these forms
Violin? Do not revise the archives of history?
Yes, strange boxes - from the viewpoint of science of acoustics are far from the top
perfection. First of all, - angles of notches and cuts themselves - the famous
"Waist" of violin. Dobriansky has found that these angles gift absorb energy
membranes of the upper deck. Ideal as a form of the violin would have been round as
membrane telephone, phonograph, etc.
Why do they like to eat? In ancient times they were ellipsoidal and
oval. Then, with one side cut came, he did not explained at all
physical and acoustical laws, just with cutouts make it easier to play, not
touching the bow of a wooden box. In some ancient frescoes, and can
now see cupids, fiddle with such a lopsided "waist". Then in
violins, a fourth string, and therefore required a notch for the bow with
On the other hand. Questions acoustics few people came to a head.
His violin Dobriansky rounded corners, made the bottom of the somewhat broader
gave his paint and built it all by the law proposed above.
- In my violin - still only thirty percent of the science laboratory,
physical office - he said.
He dreams that the violin was one hundred percent scientific. Violin
the future - maybe it will have a completely different look. It may well be that
in it, for example, for each of the four strings - this a kind of vowel sounds
- Will have their own cavities, four different capacity for the resonator and
appropriate dimensions mouths, that is "ephah" ... He dreams of many and
is already as an update violin is conquering the world. Exempt from
fakirs, she will reveal all its capabilities, it will em sonorous, beautiful, and
accessible to all.
- Violin has no right to cost more than the piano! - Angrily exclaims master.
However, not too master dreaming? Munich morning looking out the window, and
customers are knocking at the door. They carry a violin, double bass and cello on
repair. Violin future not yet, instead are things to fix. AND
instead of a reformer at the table sits kustarodinochka ...
True, he has abundant orders. By the Prince of Bavaria and first-rate
Violinists to unknown amateurs. They go to him as a tailor
perelitsovschiku. They are not bought himself a violin of the future. They are
improve the old days, say, a visiting artist here does wonders.
Maybe he was an alchemist and tolchetsya in a mortar "Cremona mystery? May
be, he managed to catch the tail zharptitsu and ask her about koechto
improvements to existing violins?
Genius Antonio Stradivarius died two hundred years ago, saying nothing of any
sons, neither students nor we with you about how he was doing all these
things. A recent Italian and other European newspapers flashed
message, as if somewhere found a casket in which is hidden in a secret letter
Lacquer Stradivarius, its wood and the proportions of his violins. Similar rumors
appeared more than once. And many believe that, although in vain.
The fact that this box was not and could not be, there were no secrets, unless
only one: What about nail polish. Accidental in old violins has been not only a form
Corps.
     The proportions and shape of Stradivarius violins were not perfect. For example, the
correct bore at Cremona had no idea and it's not too new, the first
drew attention to this at one time director of the Berlin Conservatory
Professor Joachim. Then began to remodel bore a Stradivarius violins.
All celebrities, including the Stradivarius, and remount Vilomom
like him great contemporary masters. And if there are in the world
virgin Stradivarius, it is those that are stored without any movement in the collections
rich. But if they pull out now, the cabinets, they can not be played.
Force by sonority Cremona violins are perfect for that time. They
were sufficient in the circle of acquaintances of a rich lady. There was no concert
Jan Kubelik in front of thousands of people.
Usually bore the old Italian violins are cut and added
middle piece, while maintaining an old hand as a symbol. In addition, up
bar and change the internal bar (spring).
The genius of the best works of Stradivarius and other
"Italians" that with this addition, they are wonderful
tools for modern times.
This amendment is the time. It is given to all subsequent experiences of masters.
     This experience has established to the present day laws that do not meet the Cremona
Violin. In the best of the existing bore the entire length of the violins - three hundred
twenty-five millimeters. All of its parts, in addition, must be
a certain stretch. "Ephah" - cuts on the body - must be strictly
particular place - to a point higher lift breast violin. In many
"Italians" "ephah" staged anywhere. Breadth of chest should be
definite. Spring must brace exactly Calculated place to stand
some way to place the junction did not coincide with the layers of spruce wood.
Convexity in December to calculate a fraction of millimeters ... To make
idea of the complexity of these laws and all the art of violin
skill, I will give here some extracts from the lectures on instrumentovedeniyu
Lev Vladimirovich Dobriansky on the violin and cello.
     "The spring is usually put on a master melkosloynoy spruce. But it is anemic
a tree in his veins a little resin. With the passage of time under the influence of air it
Unlike the hardened rubber, nezvukoprovodno. Better, perhaps,
shirokosloynaya with pronounced layers ... "
     "The spring should be polished with pumice and gypsum powder or chalk
that was at hand "as an atlas." Shiny surface intensively conducted
sounds than the matte ... "
     "The issue of stand sharply protruding. Many masters cut
too deep into the body of the stand and make feet too high.
Stand - a buffer between the compressor and the intensity of the vibrating string
sensitive membrane - the upper deck. A lot of energy and intensity
wasted ... Stand correctly understand and reproduce
indoor air cavity and the strength and the effects of vibrating string, with two
delivery of its fluctuations: transverse and longitudenalnyh - should be in its
vertical section of the form a spindle ... The cut area of the lower ends
columns leg stand must represent two elongated rectangle
and have a width narrower than the central part of the stand ... "
     I have brought here a small portion of statements about the stand only for the
to show great subtlety of the laws of resonance, complex laws,
defining the sound of the instrument. From Brescia to our own it, no one has recorded these
laws.
- Violin like a cow - Dobriansky said - she breathes sides. It takes
the air and raises the breast - a deck.
     This is a subtle breath of the best violin masters of all time to probe flair
the tips of his fingers, guess, "inner" and literally hearing, the full
the silence of their studios. If you do not digress too special area
is defined as: Dobriansky set form of this breath, the law
who needs to establish proper relations between the two voltages:
strings and violins, and all of its terms - the material, the thickness of the deck, the location
springs and all other parts.
     He began to construct a complex instrument - a dynamometer, to determine
pressure of the strings during a chord. Made them ten pieces, but they were
imperfect. Then, together with the mechanic of the Physiological Institute Ekkom
he built the eleventh. He has invested in it a few thousand gold - their
Munich earnings. Hitherto he had only one on earth.
     Yes, the old Munich were not only Cope, Krause and X-rays. In Munich, was
More Signor Viorini, master violins, a wealthy owner of the company and stock
musical instruments. It was a goggle-eyed Italian, one of the main
bosses "musical quarter."
     Quarter musical masters of the world! There was fumbling in the dark corners hitherto
Middle Ages and the heavy air plant hangs in his dusty corners. True, the wizard
fully modern humans and speak about art. But many of them know it
art only by hearsay. True, there are appreciated with great tools
antiquity, but these tools are needed for the cost of wood on Erzhanov
trash. There are published their own newspapers, but it's about azhnye sheets contained
the money the wealthy owners of firms.
     Signor Viorini started in these sheets furious baiting visiting masters. On
case there were not generous; enough leader to call an invention
ridiculous, as an authoritative opinion on erzhit crowd of artisans. Shop
shop! Musical quarter do not need an inventor and innovator: it will knock out of the hands
usual revenue for nothing.
     But visiting the master continued his work. About him began to write serious
newspapers in other German cities. From all over Germany to send him a violin
for improvement.
     Some time later he received the first anonymous threatening letters.
     Masters tried to bribe an expert, that he rejected a
advanced fiddle and the discredited work Dobriansky. But the expert
refused to do so. After some quiet time "music quarter"
seize real panic: the main street of the city in the window of a piano
Bauer warehouse, an exhibition of dozens of extraordinary violins;
a poster said that they bought Dobriansky at the artisans of twenty
brands, and now, after improvements to the method Dobriansky, sold as
very valuable tools ...
     A visitor from Odessa master every evening walked the same street -
Street mansions, quiet and exemplary Munich order. Here he loved
think about violins, their secrets and their future. But the future promised a lot of
surprises. First, from a third floor window of a house on it
once flew a heavy pot with flowers, and melknuv near the head pieces
split on the pavement. It was strange, especially in a neat Munich. "When
what's the pots? - Dobriansky said .- It has nothing to do with
music ". But he still knew little of the mysteries of music, Munich, and very little else knew
life. The next day at the same hour and at the same place it flew over
heavy pot - a pot, twenty pounds in weight. Munich accuracy
felt and here: just a split pot polarshine from Dobriansky.
     At this time the newspapers printed a message about an attempt in Italy
an inventor who invented a machine for fast processing of marble. She
helped the work of architects, sculptors. "Obviously, the general laws inherent in
different areas of art "- it is reasonable Dobriansky said friends and
advised him to temporarily leave.
     "Where do I go? Where am I going to continue their work and how to live? "-
thought the master.
     At this time, it received a telegram from London. The famous Jan Kubelik,
One of the greatest violinists of the time, returning from a trip to America
Dobriansky called urgently to London.
     Dobriansky packed his bags and arrived in London. At the station he was met by himself
Kubelik and immediately explained that he would like to improve the sound of their
famous Stradivarius and Guarneri. Silent Institute eets, DC
bodyguard Kubelik, respectfully conducted Dobriansky at the hotel.
     Well, - London, Kubelik, world-wide fame and Bavarian hotel. But why
Kubelik rework his famous violin? Exalted Violin
Guarneri and Stradivari himself Kubelik! Here we must return to the tale.
Hush - bare kings walking in the light. The crowd, bowing respectfully, looked upon
in their purple clothes.
     But why not see brash boys who shouted to the clothes after
No, and kings naked! First of all, because the boys play the violin. They
learn from the geeks. They sit in the music schools in Odessa, Warsaw,
in Madrid, Buenos Aires, anywhere, where do future violinists. The life of each
musician begins with what he was in diapers talk about the famous
musicians, their instruments, their poses, their ties and habits. In ten years
violinist begins to dream: to be like Paganini, Kubelik and Burmeister, and
have Amati, Guarneri and Stradivari. His Stradivarius! This could dream of
sleep.
     Wealthy parents to the end of boy examination carried out his dream.
Poorer parents are satisfied or Gvadanini Carol Bergonzi. Quite
poor boy to twenty years of trying himself to buy a kogonibud More
lower. First, the boy wants to have to have any of his, even though
bad, but the "Italian", and secondly, he knows that having it, it will be better
earn.
- He has Amati!
- He has Bergonzi!
- He has Magini. It is slightly worse than the sound, but older.
     These conversations are in the music world to live for centuries. Every violinist
considers it necessary koechto know about the Italian brands. But to know everything - it
impossible. By Gaspar de Solo, founder of Brescia School to Gvadanini
passed a string of bad and good masters, that their "conduct" -
special science. Everyone is talking about the Amati, but there were a few of them only
Jerome - the two, and from all Amati only one doing wonderful violin.
There have been several Guarneri, and two of them were Joseph, one of the all famous. Charm
name Stradivarius reigns in the world, but not all of his violin were released in
the period of perfection. And between these two giants are hundreds of large and
small names, and many of them have different periods, failures, successes and
experiments. On land there are a few connoisseurs of all the details of this case and very
a lot of charlatans.
     They come to the mother of rich students and pre proposes the old chips.
Mother was not interested in sound, but very interested, so the chips were
Italian and had a decent brand. There is a formidable force in this world: the power
public opinion.
     Charisma brand stronger sound. Even the best violinists often under
the influence of opium, and not always steadfast in his enlightened opinion
relatively pure sound as a tool. In the West, saying:
famous violinists, but Sarasate, life changed and sold their
violin, as amateurs - horses.
     Science is about violins but essentially no. And the price of tools is often skipped in
depending on country circumstances.
     All Amati, for example, was valued because it played Wieniawski. Then
it turned out that was just great Nicolo Amati, while Wieniawski was Andrea
second-rater.
     Steiner prized because they are few. Then the master was a serious
established that this nasty tools.
     Magini, by contrast, was quoted only 250 - 300 francs. When on
It has come to play Berio, Magini price jumped immediately to 3 hundred thousand francs. Here
also started a hard-working crafts Magini. They say the tool Berio
had a wistful, melancholic voice, it began to elyvat. Voice
I * quoted market.
     To help sellers have "authority", they work from the heart and
percentage. Here there is a whole system of getting your prices are available on the market
"Goods". This is a terrible chain, starting from the many music educators and
often ending with the vertices of the musical world - a chain in which
chained violin. Do not just pop up out outrageous stories with speculation
explicit marriage, in which were involved great names.
     Ииструментоведыскрипковеды say nothing about the relationship between zakoeah
forms and sounds of violins, but the praise of their antiquity and, choking,
depicts the beauty of forms. This listing millions of items, available at
market.
     Collectors are at increasing and decreasing. They adhere to and
despise a different product category. This is - a huge market of violins, stock exchange,
speculate music.
     Wizards are interested in the violin to remain as is, otherwise
out of the hands will be stamped huge capitals of existing tools. On the contrary,
"Italian" here holds stronger than varnish Stradivari. This is the tragedy of the violin,
which pinned its development from Stradivari to the present day.
     Already during his lifetime Stradivarius perform many of trees under it. Now
Christmas trees go on around the world nearly bursts. In Vienna at the end of the last century was
closed forever known firm "Zach" for what has set this matter for too
wide leg, it has developed mass production of fairly good copies of Stradivari by
Guarneri, and market them by means of prominent violinists.
     "If the violin in good faith, without concealment talked about those
antique violins, which have passed through their hands - recorded in Dobriansky
Blog - everything they know about them, the vast majority of tools
that are before them as their own or on commission, could not be
sold.
     This collusion, mutual responsibility of people on the violin.
     ... Gradually, these ideas took more definite shape. Insane
Dream Odessa master of science and violin sometimes seemed to him a dream Don
Quixote, who knew no science of life and money. And every Yan showed such details
and opened up such mysteries, which drew a terrible picture: the secret
International violin speculators.
     ... A certain inhabitant of Aachen belongs violin mythical Duffoprugara,
considered one of the first violin. It is an ancient old
tool. To curl his hands the master painted his own head. On
sides of the same violin inscribed skilful hand: "I lived in the forests - silent. A
dead - I sweetly sing. " It proved fatal prophet, the master; dead
violin survived much longer than she should. So dead enough
alive. And the dead head Duffoprugara laughs living master Dobriansky.
Violin, fiddle, violin. Big, small, old, luxurious, with
different voices, and his own biography - a gallery of uniques.
Master in love with the violin, he came, obviously, on some aesthetic
feast - before it opened its doors treasure ...
Dobriansky remodels Kubelik Stradivari himself. He lives in the Bavarian
hotel. Porters respectfully opens up the door. Head waiter restaurant
with respect and wonder at the strange looks and humble master. Old
maitre d 'is for this reason: his beloved daughter plays the violin.
Of course, she does not play on the Stradivarius, of course, she just Skripochka,
bought in Paris for a hundred francs ... All the same nice to spread the word dad
about music with such a special visitor.
Jan Kubelik recognizes that due to the reconstruction of his violin is much
won the power and beauty of sound. He was a great success in making a public concert
to-date tools. About Dobryansky articles published in "ironically,
"Morning Post", "Daily Herald" and the entire London press.
The owner of the world's richest collections of violins Baron Knopp invited him to
currently at work. It produces brilliant Dobryansky certificate and asks him to do
for his violin ...
     But with a confused soul wizard step among these resources. He feels that
he goes to the catacombs, yes, it is a huge and gloomy gallery immured
violins, they are chained to walls and tell their terrible stories.
     Strange and almost incredible phenomenon: most of the finest violins
had ever made on the ground, silent. They hide in the closet 28
collectors. A phenomenon known in the West as collecting violins -
one of the darkest jewels of capitalist culture. This disease
involved in the wealthy, critics, professors, masters, musicians, and the quiet bustle
This trade is constant and energetic. Baryshnikov and commissioners pulled out of
treatment of all new Unicum. Playing on these violins some special kind of
- Akin to the exchange. Here are operating laws inherent in any
Collector Market: Violin stick, fashionable and best-selling embark on
turnover, skilful game raises the cost of certain categories
values. The best of them eventually fall into the hands of half-mad rich
aesthetes, to be buried alive. These vandals to hide his voice
art from the people, called custodians of culture. Their names are respectfully
utter musical figures.
     "Not for them to try and do great Stradivarius" - in bitterness and anger
recorded Odessa master .- How bitter laugh he'd now: his violin all
bought, bought, fame grew and grew, and prices were rising, and now - almost all of them now
in cabinets under lock and key! "
  
     Yes, the great Stradivarius like foresaw all this nasty anecdote. He
named his latest violin, which was released in the year of death, "swan song";
she would not have to play freely. It belongs now to one rich
French collector. The same one who bought himself a quartet
of Stradivarius instruments, paying 66,000 francs figures in 1880
year, when prices reached their peaks.
     Yes, but a head waiter. He was not in vain looks so respectfully to the master
violins. One day he decided to come to the table wizard.
     - I heard that you will improve the violin ... I. .. I have ... True, this
cheap, very simple tool for a hundred francs, and do not know.
- Come on, come on! I'll be happy to re elayu! - Interrupted
master.
     It was not a job for the rich cellar, and all his life with her willingness to
did. What could be nicer, like to feel that the work of your hands
went into the light to live and work! He rewrote the violin and even painted it with varnish,
his special lacquer, which he suffered at the beginning.
     ... After a certain time, the other night at a hotel and a nother friend
city, in Brussels, Odessa master stopped a man with a case under
mouse.
     - Do not buy if you are a valuable Italian violin? - He asked.
     - Excuse me, but, first, the Italian violin, like diamonds, are not
watching the evening light.
     - Do you think that a fake diamond? You can elat appearance, but
such a sound, monsieur! .. It can only have the Italians. If you are a connoisseur of ... This
this Gvadanini.
     - Second, I do not buy the Italians. And third, do not I
acquire valuable tools, alas,
obvious reasons ... True, I can recommend a well-known London
connoisseurs.
     The next morning a man came into the room and opened a luxury box.
Dobriansky looked at the violin, and he was funny and very sad.
     - How much is this tool? - He asked.
     - Seventy-thousand francs. The same Gvadanini. You can perfectly on this
earn.
     - Yes, I know him. Take a mirror. Inside the violin at the top
deck near the left "EFA" you will read: "3.512, 278," - my formula for this
Violin.
    Also, my initials and year. This was written by me. I have already made on this violin
ten pounds ...
    The seller was right. In his world, good sound can only be "Italians."
Others on this are not eligible.
   The wizard then returned to Munich. In the old Munich was all postaromu:
The same Maximilianstrasse, the same pop-eyed Signor Viorini, the same
music sheets filled with advertising, the same department of old masters.
   New was that the director of the Bureau kontsertnoteatralnogo Julius Tset released
Brochure Dobryansky. It provides numerous certificates and
praise. For example: Odessa master had to remake one
Viorini fiddle work. The owner of the violin in the recall, stated: "Until
alteration violin Viorini had sound hard, noisy and ugly varnish,
hard, after reconstruction, it is reborn ... "
   In "Musical Gazette" appeared angry about the article Viorini visitors
impostor, "spoiling expensive violins. The first result of this article was
Arrival in Munich tamoshnem known in the music world amateur Tikentsgera
of Halle, he brought Dobryansky three violins for alterations, and a clipping from the article
Viorini.
  - Hey, in this world can be friends - said the master .- But I am against
boom ...
   He still vividly remembered the flower vases. In addition, he was summoned to Berlin Director
Berlin Conservatory, the famous skripachvirtuoz, Professor Joachim.
  - How many violins! - Said Joachim .- All around them are made thousands of ... and
play, alas, nothing to ...
He asked the master to remain in Berlin. But he corrected the Director Philharmonic
Gustav Gollenderu its Ruggiero, Steiner, Vitgalma, improved Clara
Pietro Guarneri violin Schwartz and drove on. In Warsaw, he performed the work
to the Director of the Warsaw Philharmonic Mlynarskogo, he was visited by the Director
Warsaw Conservatory - the famous Stanislav Barievich ... Dobryansky
was terrified of this noise, and he legs to become rich, and specialist
overlapping patches on the "great violin". From this headache and indignant
common sense: why do all my life to remake old when you can do something new?
Let the dead remain great. Master Dobriansky returned to Odessa. He
did not take more orders. " He even starved. He made his violin. He wanted
that "they heard Europe.
One of them bought Baron Knopp, the one who hid the violin in expensive
covers, away from light.
Another bought Paul Kettner, also a collector, owner of many old
Violins ...
It was like an irony of fate. Master took another three violins. At this time, they
went to a more suitable hands: one to Jan Kubelik, the other - to the Director
Erfurt Conservatory Rozenmeyeru. Joachim asked for a third fiddle
Dobriansky, but it was sold back in Odessa. Needed new violin.
Director of the Conservatory leave for work in Berlin, Rozenmeyer invited to
himself in Erfurt, stir, and the Russian capital: St. Petersburg Musical
Museum summoned to clean up its treasures. Treasures were here
destroyed and creaking like old cart. It was a dump of luxury, something like
Bedroom eastern despot - here it was all in a big way: when the court
Orchestra performed before the king - he had to play not only as to the museum
tools for greater luxury.
Dobriansky did not want to stay in the capital. Taking with them, to bring in
order, several instruments, including violin, which played once
Glinka, he went to Berlin and from there to Odessa.
    He experienced an unusual condition: he had acquired money. He could now
purchase tools to make a new violin, to continue the study. Like
on the wings, he drove to his in his hometown, looking at the sea, in the wide world.
That was in 1905.

... Amazing coincidence, he returned to Odessa in the day, when burned
Odessa port and watched the raid on the city implements the insurgent "Potemkin." This
Music was a very special kind, the thunder of cannon shots alarmed
the whole world the specter of social upheaval. It's not the violins.
But on the streets, lit up the glow, I wandered in those days, and invisible violin
master. He was thrilled, filled with many thoughts, which are difficult
say, but a vague instinct master guessed that in this vseobnovlyayuschem
glow in the ghost of storms, cleaning the world from all and every defilement, there is room
small things - the violin. A world that its consolidated and
prostituted, the wizard already knew quite well.
Under the roar of shots he took for making the first new violin. He
called it - "Skripkarevolyutsionerka.
Warsaw, Berlin, Munich, Erfurt, Leipzig, Dresden, Kassel, Warburg, Cologne,
Vienna, Brussels, London ...
Jan Kubelik, Willi Burmeister, Joachim, Auer.
Director of the Berlin Conservatory Krayts.
Director of the Berlin Philharmonic Gollender.
Professor at the Berlin Conservatory Krayts.
Director of the Warsaw Conservatory Bartsevich.
Director of the Erfurt Conservatory Rozenmeyer.
Director of the Conservatory in Zondergauzene Korbach.
Director of the Conservatory in Byukkenburge Richard Zaal.
Director of the Warsaw Philharmonic Mlynarsky. The court singer Willie
Niking. Professor at the Munich Conservatory Krause.
     A galaxy of well-known and respected music skripacheyvirtuozov
Europe's leaders - the list I give to a thoughtful reader: Let
put it on the scale of objectivity, on one scale - their opinions about the work
Dobriansky, on the other - the words of doubt and ill will. Let them say
me: can not help but wonder about the reasons for takeoff esskogo master curve and its
difficult life and struggle? There are plenty of these and other certificates,
contained words of praise and admiration, not enough reason to think about
these papers as chemto not quite normal? ..
Odessa's master is no longer wandering in the cities of Europe to improve
tool. He brought into Europe their own violins.
Eleventh February 1907 Directorate of the Berlin Conservatory, and the management
Royal Opera House suit at the Opera House in the presence of
Berlin's musical expertise of four violins type Dobriansky. In
Expertise involved Directorate-General, Joachim, and both the famous Strauss
honorary conductors Berlin opera houses. Jury issues Dobryansky
shiny diploma, in which "willing to certify that they built
violin, after a series of tests must be marked as an outstanding success
the area of violin production. "
Needed the violin. The only trouble is that they were not. Two days after
Examining four violins two of them bought two wealthy lover, and one -
Mendelssohn, a Berlin Rothschild, owner of many tools. He is
relies, put a new violin in its stores. The fourth violin
needed for further work.
Odessa's master wanted to hear his fiddle Europe. But she was not again
can be seen, but at the hands of the craftsmen were only diplomas.
     No violins, violins, no! And asked the Berlin Conservatory Director
Joachim, the violinist Richard Zaal court, the court singer Willie Niking,
Violinist Korbach ...
     Violin, as has been said, is being built. To do this, first of all a lot
time. Then - are expensive and difficult to obtain materials. In addition, the master
need to eat ... To ten years of this century musical world of Europe
Odessa's master already knows. This is the name of the letter "D" Even is a respected
Column Encyclopedia: Great Encyclopedia Yuzhakova reports Dobryansky
- Famous updater tool. Tridtsatitomnaya encyclopedia Meyer
Leipzig, calls it "a brilliant reformer violins ...
  
     At this time, "a brilliant reformer" is haunting Odessa bazaars and dig in
old furniture. Dusty sofas, antique chairs, chest piece, pieces of things
- These ruins attract his eye, passers-by may well consider it
eccentric, weirdo buyer. However, all those involved wizard
world, precious pieces of wood needed antiques and proper qualities, they
sniff at them only one well-known places.
     - We like the dragons, roemsya landfills and catacombs - grumbles master.-Miserable
sight: and so do the violin!
     The fact that the fit only the tree, dried time and nothing else.
Known Vilom tried to dry wood artificially and this only hurt
many of his violins "of 2nd period Viloma. The great laws of drying
tree! Dobriansky is dreaming of a time when these laws can be studied.
Need to open the storehouses of the world, which houses many "Italians", and their tree
under the influence of ozone is destroyed, "the Italians" now you can not shave, and,
According to Dobriansky, all of them to live no more than fifty -
sixty years. Is wood Stradivari and never will be
investigated by scientists? ..
     With these thoughts, the master locked himself in his closet. This strange wizard
who made a violin and dreamed of destroying them, bro il in flea markets, hated
Russia, Germany, loved and lived in Odessa.
In this city, blew international winds here loved zahazhivat Europe. In
1910 Dobriansky made a new violin and called it "Germany" ... In the same
year, newspapers reported that "the great Jan Kubelik, to tour the world with
his famous Stradivarius, passing through Odessa will give two concerts to
our audience. "
     Arriving in Odessa, Jan Kubelik first asked Dobriansky his new
violin. Having tried the sound of "Germany", he briefly said:
     - I wish to have a fiddle.
     After that, he spent several days before the concert, in the presence of selected
the audience playing his violin on "Germany" interchangeably. He then summoned
members of the press and the musicians and told them that "Germany" on a sound
is superior not only his Stradivarius, but all the violins, which
he had to see.
     - From now on I will only play on "Germany"! - He said .- The strings of my
Stradivari seem to me now twine.
     This news spread around the world. And the world heard the new violin Kubelik. Feb. 2, he
gave a concert the same night, went to Chisinau.
     Brilliant tour Kubelik continued. In Chisinau he played on "Germany"
in front of the Romanian Queen in Constantinople - to the Turkish Sultan,
then - Nice, Monte Carlo, Biarritz ... From the road, he sent his own portrait
master.
     Dear Dobriansky! Instead of dedication, I extend to you my surprise
about a happy resolution of the issue you Cremona. Your violin
"Germany," You not only made perfect by Italian masters, but
outdid them, and I hope with this violin I can make you a
the reputation you deserve. "
     Hence, "Cremona mystery" solved, therefore, end the suffering of the violin? We
will not find out the social truth. We will list the facts.
     The tour continued. After the Monte Carlo famous virtuoso visited many
of the Mediterranean coast. Glory "Germany" grew up with this trip,
increased in size - on select European resorts, a brilliant
concerts in the mainstream press.
     Back in London Hotel in Odessa, Kubelik offered Dobryansky
sign a contract: Dobriansky undertakes to each new made
fiddle only to the person who Kubelik instruct agents in this case. Kubelik same
shall henceforth play only on "Germany".
The condition was written accompanist Schwab and signed by the parties ...
     Means - end the suffering and vagrancy, not oedaniyu and loneliness
wizard? Dobriansky found high patron, an authoritative voice which
really raises "its reputation that it deserves ...
     Goes on to list the facts.
     After a trip to the south of Europe the world virtuoso went to Paris. From Paris
He sent a telegram to Odessa master: there are entrepreneurs for the production of
Violins Dobriansky. Urgently go to Paris. But no longer, as a
a few days ...
     Odessa master rushed petition. People without wealth or fame,
need a lot of bother.
     He simply did not want to give the country a passport. Anyway
case - so soon.
     Meanwhile, Jan Kubelik finished his brilliant concerts in Paris.
Covered with glory and splendor, he sat on the boat. He traveled to distant America.
The tour continued.
     Actually, something is confused and chtoto it happened. Happened
kakoeto violation of customary metabolism.
     There are things that do not speak, but just think.
There are people who can not afford everything, even to think.
     The truth is always known to speak only hildren n artists. They sometimes
forgive these delightful gestures. But they teach decent behavior.
     Jan Kubelik had gone across the ocean, leaving Europe with a musical
mouth open. Newspapers in London and Paris continued to print a sensation about
"Germany:: World violinist with the magnanimity he said his opinion about the music
instrument - here talking soul musician and a knight.
     Here we are not interested in the musicians, no knights, no violin as a musical
tools. They - the goods value as sable skins.
     The largest values typically lie in the vaults safes, as underground
ore deposits, they reject to your compass arrow to the exchange. Even the immovable
and invisible, they put pressure on the market. By their presence they provide
the value of walking currency. Only at critical moments sacramental ingots
and diamond funds go out to correct the matter.
     So the most valuable copies of violins in the capitalist world are
motionless, and all but unaware of their existence. So aware of the existence
the top two Stradivarius violins - "Emperor" and "Messiah."
     International merchants will not allow anyone to open a cheap way of breeding
sables. However, some hunters do not mind this lucrative
business.
     Even before the two deltsapredprinimatelya Kubelik, the Institute of Munich, the other from
Hamburg, decided to found a big deal. Where are most likely to put money? D
this time went to great conversations about violins Dobriansky. It was sable.
After Julius cetane dealers offered Odessa master company
producing violins; master transmits in their own systems and knowledge
Wizard is a shareholder, the master of ten years, directs the production.
     - I am not a merchant. Not a manufacturer. And then - ten years: I love life
free artist! - Said the master.
... World Tour skripachvirtuoz completed a trip across America. When he
returned, a new sensation has appeared in newspapers: Jan Kubelik bought a violin
Stradivarius "Emperor". "The Emperor", which was never sold,
was born! "The Emperor" from Kubelik! ..
     ... Similarly, by tacit agreement, no one else talked about "Germany" on
Dobriansky and his violins. Kubelik was. Was the "Emperor". Was a modest
Odessa's master. He appealed to the two businessmen from Hamburg and
Munich, but they are not interested in the violin: they organized a matter of
dressing passes from hemp. All took their places.
     Odessa was a modest master. It was a war. Were the revolution. Turbulent years
marched through the world with fire, to redraw the map of Europe. The world was not up to the violins. In
It separated the waves of events, live own way two people - the world
skripachvirtuoz and master of Odessa. These waves threw them as well. The famous violinist
escaped during the Hungarian revolution from his castle in his villa in Italy.
Master did not have houses, but he had his "castle": so he called Wood
loft on the street Ostrovidov. This led to the loft under the wooden stairs
called "keyboard"; corrupt her step-danced and snapped under their feet.
     Every day up to these steps, cross st is very thin and
stooped old man - seven dozen for her shoulders, and shortness of breath, and in the past -
marble staircases European hotels, foster the rich and the princes, and a dream
who smiled and flew away - and all it stands now, as in a fog, as
fictional kemto mirage ... He stops and listens: it's knocking
stairs, knocking the stick can be - the heart. The old man grins, remembering Don
Quixote, who fought with the world. The world will be remade entirely different way, and
All this is now an old man is understandable.
     These were the years in which many people have learned a lot.
     He studied violin and a master. And maybe he did not think would be about the past,
if it is not about to remind him from all sides long human languages.
     In the Old rags he walked through the streets of Odessa.
     - This is my purple - good-naturedly said he .- How much do I need?
I have before me the future. My wealth no one can steal.
     To point the finger at him. Dobriansky was ostoprimechatelnostyu,
original - Diogenes in a barrel. Behind him, whispering and gossiping about it
name to spread much wider in Odessa, and although no one really knew, but
every thought and felt obliged to speak out: the strange ideas kakihto
old, disappeared on kakihto violins on Kubelik, who mate, threw it
"Germany" ...
     Yes, gossip is good food. In 1913, Yang KY: Belik, arriving in
Russia had and "Emperor" and "Germany."
     - "Emperor" I need to concerts with a small audience - said
He Dobriansky,-where he could replace "Germany." And then one can not
to show the public such a treasure as "Emperor" - the best Stradivarius
on the ground ...
     Then, "Germany" suddenly disappeared without a trace. She disappeared in Europe and elsewhere to
has not yet appeared. Where is the "Germany"? No document corresponds exactly to the
this issue and probably will never answer.
     There are dark stories for acts they committed as if under a veil.
     There is a hidden recording semidesyatitrehletnego wizard, when life on
slope, when the first bitterness - at last - they are intimate diaries of the soul,
pledge of their truth - uncompromising integrity life old man. Let me
I pull out one little scene.
     ... In 1927, Jan Kubelik again performed a world tour. He again called at the
Odessa. Famous virtuoso stopped again at the London hotel, as well as
Then, in the day in March 1910. Since then, seventeen years has elapsed.
     In the lobby is bright hotel walked hunched old man and asked
Kubelik. Kubelik? Porters with a puzzled look on his coat and an old man
hesitantly shrugged. Yes, Kubelik. At this time, some one on the stairs
gleefully shouted: "Monsieur Dobriansky!" This is a familiar Indian. Yes, all the same
This gallant bodyguard violin. And here he Kubelik, smiling, he hastens to
down the stairs. Both of them help to remove from the old coat.
     - Careful with my porphyries. It can be scattered in
shreds, "kidding ponemetski confused old man.
They rise to the top. The same apartment, same smile, the same German
- Everything, as if ... Only there is no "Germany".
     - Where is the "Germany"? - Just ask the old man.
     - Germany »...- replied shyly virtuoz., I tell you the truth: it
kidnapped. She vanished from a train in which my family and I had to
to flee to Italy, during the Hungarian events. Alas ...
     Then in walked accompanist Kubelik, Professor David.
     - What do you think? - Said Professor David.
     - I frankly tell you the rumors. The first option: "Germany" sold
America. Second: get paid big money to "Germany" was silent, and
Kubelik is given the opportunity to purchase "the Emperor". Third: "Germany"
turned out to be bad ...
     - Not true! - Angrily shouted virtuoso .- It's spreading
violin-makers - he said, referring to Professor David .- They endure
can not Dobriansky for something they can not do it!
He grabbed the table his own portrait.
     - Here. Let everyone know that we are old friends! He wrote on the portrait of
German: "My dear
old friend Dobriansky - the renewal of friendship. "
They did not meet. Kubelik lives in Europe.
     His portrait is in the studio Dobriansky. We have no reason not to believe
According to a famous virtuoso. We'll talk about things that are known:
     1. Traders violins hold in their hands for many millions of rubles
goods.
     2. They can not relate easily to the emergence of a new type of violin and
its existence in the hands of the world violinist.
     3. Hide or use the "Germany" is impossible, since the violin
special form. Fix it so that on it, no one played.
     4. On kidnapping, "German" in Kubelik, this sensational event -
never published a word and not a sound was heard. Until now, this secret
only know a few people. When Kubelik then, after some time
sold "Emperor" - about this long and tasteful trumpet in the newspapers.
      He sold his "Emperor" for one million dollars. That's all
the story of "Germany".
     "... Here, I take the liberty to propose a question to all experienced in the mind
people - recorded Dobriansky .- What are the moral forces would endanger,
For example, when a similar described above, the case, finding such a thing
stronger than any failures? .. And to me it all seemed to feel sorry for absurdity, and even
- If anything - ordinary, everyday dirty trick. Why? Therefore, it is necessary
so explore and see through the violin world, as I managed to thirty-seven
years ... "
     It is midnight. Hour unusual calm descends upon the earth. Outside the window
"Attic" glimmer Odessa stars. Everything went; storm subsided, and sleeping outside
such an immense world: with Kubelik, artists and other people. Crooked
the old man sits among violin items. This is the best time to work, at the time
Absolute silence is equally sharpened thinking and feeling violin maker,
it is all being - in the ears, eyes and fingertips. I
want to paint a portrait of an old master at this hour.
    He is lean and slouch. Gray mustache hiding the good and bitter smile. Perched
bushy eyebrows at you look gray, a lot of understanding, smiling eyes,
without malice. With this smile, the wrinkles, they looked at friends and foes - they
there were many. He calls himself a "epicurean." Generous view of the world, with
height of the wooden palace - here provide mental feasts here love
good poetry, like a glass of beer, and philosophy. Slim and old smell
quarter of artists is hanging over an old man on the tools, above the bed with
a ragged blanket. Great charm the owner of this palace is known to all his friends:
doctors, journalists, children, beggars, violinists. They come, they say, they
play the violin, the bow here hits the low ceiling, and voila - illusions
no. Loft, wooden staircase and midnight.
     His gnarled, thin hands through them has been more than five thousand
tools, many famous, eleven only Stradivarius. These hands
did twenty-eight extraordinary violins. Where are the violins? They do not, and
hands - again only diplomas. Each of them could create another human being
round and well-fed prosperity. Any of his enemies would bear high overhead,
like a banner, each of these documents. "What's wrong with it? Okay
things - he said to his wife .- Obviously, I bestalanen, the only thing that can
do it - Violin. " The wife looked at him with eyes in which stood
silent fear, before her eyes was a proud and hard life of her friend. In
hut it was not heated, the family was sick, there was nothing.
     ... Sometimes, saved from death just in case. In the years of terrible war, when people
in the latter were exhausted, the long-standing bout and on the streets
Odessa knocking boots German invaders in the world has long forgotten about the violin
Wizard Dobryansky. He was sitting in a shack, wrapped in a blanket, listening to
howling wind on the deserted streets ... At this time the door opened and in came
Austrian officer.
     - Herr Dobriansky? Zeer Gut! Hauptmann Zhabet! - He said, and handed
master letter. It was a crumpled baby note: "Dear Father, I finished
music school and soon to enter the Conservatoire. My trehchetvertichnaya
Violin has for me is small and needs a new, good violin ... Say
Dobriansky in Russia, almost in Odessa, find it ... "
     Following that appeared in the doorway with a box of plastic bags, wine bottles,
sugar, alcohol and kerosene.
     - I heard about you ... Oh .. Excuse me, judging by your room, you do not live
so good ... Oh, I long to hear. I get "MyuzikVohe" I read ... Your
portrait ...
     Soon after this came the German with a violin, and another German with a violin, and
two violins, derived from Cologne. All this is good - and a box of bottles and
sugar ... But why cry over a crumpled old master child a note? As
surprising that, when the war, the realm of brute force and cold, and here is where
a little friend, the flowers grow, the young man arrives at the conservatory.
     Yes, there are better and brighter moments in the life of a master these invisible Memo
friends. They are numerous, as well as the violin, who passed through these hands
wide world. They felt even at this late hour, when the window looks
midnight.
    He can not even remember all those many friends.
     He made a fiddle kakomuto policeman for his daughter. Deeply moved, he
mended his door in the attic. "
     He perfected the violin students, pupils.
     He perfected the violin Nikolai Borisovich beggar nicknamed
Lepertuvar. It was known nischiyskripach in Odessa. Dobryansky was
sorry for the old man that he has such a crappy tool, and that he had so little
earns. He gave him a violin, so that all Odessa surprised.
     A lot of his violins walks in the world. Sometimes some of them return
strange ...
     In the Odessa route has been delayed as the smuggling of the violin, imported from
America. Were invited experts from Ukrfilarmonii. They stated that they accurately
determine what the violin can not, but judging by the sight and sound, it's expensive
tool and can be worth thirty thousand dollars. Then called the old
Wizard Dobriansky. He opened a luxury box, looked at the violin and
saw that the nail lacquer and method of applying it. He drew from his threadbare
coat the mirror and put it in "efovoe" hole: on the inside of the deck all
Dobriansky and saw the name of his formula.
     - This violin came out of my hands. It was worth twenty marks. Unpretentious
German violin ...
     At this time the dealers of the same Philharmonic, experts, violin,
brokers and speculators were woven around the name of the old man's usual web of lies. Y
old man, the creator of tysyachedollarovoy violin, there was a famine, attic, attic sitting
sickly, pale son Tolia.
     - You're the richest man - said the old man .- You - the owner
one of the best existing violins.
     This violin - "Joke." It is made Dobriansky, and on the lower deck is shown
Pierrette, showing the nose and the inside of the inscription - "Dedicated to my enemies."
This violin awarded a tested and more than once, the voice of the violin itself is responsible
detractors of the master, and that voice is known even in Chile; Director
Conservatory Santiago sent mediators asked to sell the "jokes", and
mediators is the sum of thousands of dollars ...
     - This violin is not for sale, - said the master.
     ... She now lies in the workshop among the unusual items and
tools, sparking their sides under the beam of light. "Joke."
     "The joke, touching, as all life ... It is midnight. I look at the bent
old man, bent over his instrument and the damned map
fill my head, vintage images, rock and haunting, like toothache, as
long reading a book; davnymdavno are seen already an old man stooping this spin, and
attic, and violin at midnight ...
     The old man, imagine you're young again, forty years ago have returned, you
propose to choose your way: Do you know how hard it is, the path of genius and an innovator?
Open a new - in geography, violin, medicine - all the same - not so
quickly and easily. You will not recognize. Over your deeds will laugh. All
your arguments as they may be simple and logical, will be discarded simply because
that there are other conventional ways. Finally you'll get
implementation of their ideas, but then they will reject simply shrug and
smile, and it will be stronger and thousands of patents and certificates. Finally
against them will be put gossip and slander. More than that - your business and your ideas
will be returned to you as strangers. "
     All this saw the master - and gossip, and smiles. And many times his violin
bought the acknowledged masters, and they tore the label, and sold as their own ...
     "Finally you will visit the hunger, disease, tragedy at the threshold of fame" ...
     It was and is: extraordinary fate smiles and poverty, emotional upsets,
wandering around the world, only one eye of his wife and a friend had witnessed
total; with silent horror, they watched how the heavy cross for innovation
given all that is usually a person's life ...
     "But it just is not enough, you have to lose the last, most expensive
in this man's life - a friend ...
     Come and that, here we put a point on the intimate.
But life came finally to the wooden stairs, "the palace" violin maker.
She came in the form of the Odessa City Council Chairman Comrade Sorokin.
     Alas, the storm battered, and this famous "keyboard" and three were nut
tied with wire and could hardly stand. By hanging up the stairs in the Sorokin
attic. Chairman of the City Council has already heard that lives here is one of the
remarkable citizens of his city. "Putting bad. Electricity must be
hold; kakayato lit oil lamp, - he thought.
     - Tell me, what do you miss? What do you request? "- He asked the master.
     Embarrassed by the master blushed and glanced at his room.
     - Well, as if everything is ... So I would ask you, if you can get
I kerosene. Small oil lamp, her many really do not need.
     "Indeed Diogenes - surprised the chairman .- He did not ask about
Electricity! "
     Master also has been busy more important things. Affairs were a lot. It was necessary to
reinvent the violin for the gramophone, especially to a well-sounded on
plate. Everywhere now also plays the radio, but these are the good quality of
Violins do not fall into the microphone ... He constructed the corresponding
device. A violin - how many young people began to play the violin. But
sorry - skripchonki all inferior. The old man sat down for the implementation of an old dream
- "First-aid kit," as he called. The package will include accommodation,
dramatically improves sound quality. It will Dry for several games, but
very cheap and will be sold almost at any pharmacy ...
     Another period of Fame meanwhile, as already mentioned, came back to him
attic.
     Alas, this time the fame could not even climb the stairs. The fact is
that just as the day it collapsed under the manufacturer repair Mikhailov for
by rewriting the master guitar. Mikhailov was taken to the ambulance, and
master, dedication, continued to sit in the studio. At this time came
a local journalist: he had long heard about the wonderful wizard and received
order to raise the last of his newspaper to shield ... Alas, in front of him highly ziyalo
opening doors. "He is completely unavailable, dammit!" But at this point in
hole appeared the master himself.
     - Guten Tag! - He shouted from the top .- Do you want me, my Lord? You look like
gondolier to serenade. Only, alas, I can not offer you a silk
ladder.
      Had to use a ladder a chimney sweep, ropes, using hand
masters, and thus fame finally came. Glory Wizard Dobriansky in
USSR ...
     ... From about 1925 or 1926 in many newspapers and magazines began to
periodically appear short notes, long essays, serious articles,
"Opening" of Odessa wizard. Their contents say the characteristic
headlines: "King Violin" (Izvestia, 1926), "The Forgotten Man" ("Spark"
1928), "In the jungle of red tape" ("Spark", 1930), "Kubelik, Dobriansky and
Anthem, "" We demand a public examination! "(" Work and Art, 1930).
Finally, they are replaced by more calm and epic titles such as -
"Stradivarius of our country" ("The Black Sea commune, 1935). All this
completes an extensive cellar in Izvestia (1935). His name is recognized as the first authority. Vitachek print and classifies it to the circle of the best masters of the country. Honored Master of the Union calls Podgorny
Dobriansky in his album "his old mentor ...
     Glory? Recognition? Comes true, dissipated the evil, and do not put us in a
this place sad story of a remarkable masters final
point? ..
     Here, thick albums, taken from the table wizard, give us the dual
feelings, that's a pile of human evidence, statements, protocols, clippings -
Paper dust bureaucratic hassles. What is the end our essay?
     Music expert meeting in Odessa. Then sit six organizations and five
professors. They enthusiastically declare Violin master. One author
excitedly talking about the time when the street on which the kennel
masters, will carry his name and people will be making a pilgrimage to his
workshop. The meeting decides: the sale of all the violins in the city to allow
only under the supervision and examination Dobriansky. Write to him
pilot workshop. Writing an apartment and a personal pension ...
That newspaper article that none of these actions were not satisfied -
such familiar songs of bureaucracy, and stands on the street Ostrovidov kennel, and no
workshop, and there is nothing ...
     What is good or bad ends our sketch?
     Here's another meeting, the commission and the thunder of journalism, here again "open"
Dobriansky. 1927. ANTHEM-State Institute of Musical Science -
finally descends from his mountain heights, he creates a commission, it requires
providing violin Dobriansky and the formula of its music system ... He
sends back the violin and wrote, "that she's so different from the usual
classical form of the violin, that the commission does not accept that its
considered. And it was in the USSR, and it was about the violin, which was
recognized in the West and which even the old, stagnant and routine Russia in 1911
was issued a gold medal. AND HYMN he was a genuine anthem obscurantism
conservatism, spokesman for the routine that has arisen around the violin.
     But where's the formula? - Asks the master. She was not sent back together with
violin ... But the formula has disappeared in these dark corridors anthem. These corridors
musical institutions, okoloskripichnye lobby - they do exist,
Of course, not only intentional and unintentional Foes Odessa
masters, they have a great wizard and respected researchers. ANTHEM
has long been disbanded. On its ruins now the Soviet people for the first time in
sad history of the violin creates its theory of the pieces of empiricism, from scraps
"Instrumentovedeniya, from a study of single violin collections
State-owned. But the shadow of the dead music department still soar
over the affairs of the living not for nothing that the achievement of these people are not reflected in
practice; mass production and factory violin has no bearing on any
to science or to a fine fiddle at all.
     Odessa's master is not accepted in the House of the Department for lack shaped
uniform and relying differences. His instruments are recognized emerging from the discharge
violins. Well, in this matter and raze all the leaves from the category of violins in a
high level, new era, perhaps, create a new sound. So
least once thought about the legal provisions the living standards of people
who created the violin.
     Yes, this is primarily an essay about a living person, his deeds and thoughts.
You may disagree with them, can be lightly brushed aside, it is possible
repeat kemto fired rumors. You can have different views about the sound of the
a violin, and who will tell me - where is the measure of things? But one thing is clear:
great ideas of this man sooner or later prevail in the country, where it will be
the fog of the formalists, the empiricists and routinists every case.
     - I am interested in the violin as living material rather than historical ruins ...
     These words will probably someday carved on the gate a little
little house on the street Ostrovidov in Odessa - where the artist now lives.
     On the table lies the bow shop, next to him - hammers, files,
mirrors, lots of special items of precious and antique violin
skill. The ceiling on a wooden beam hanging bubble with varnish. On
sill lie tools portrait Kubelik, dynamometer, collections of poetry
and disclosed "Dialectics of Nature" Engels ...
     Wizard again looks albums letters. They are plentiful. That write
Students, engineers, musicians. Write from Rostov, Kiev, from Orenburg, with all
countries around the world: it is simple words of gratitude and delight, how nice
give handfuls of wealth the world of his skills.
     That says a quartet named Dobriansky from Taganrog, a noble
Commonwealth musicians.
     Here is a little fiddle with a touching, almost childlike body. This
work for the conservatory; Dobriansky re-equip all the violins of child
orchestra. He first created the children's alt. He was crying, listening to children's concerts in
Conservatory. With special love and affection master adjusts the details
this tool, and a quiet, barely audible sounds of strings shaking silence of the night
thin and solemn chord.
     Here are initiated by the deck, with different monograms and arms. This treasured
Future violin "USSR". This will be a new and better job wizard, which he
devote a country where everyone likes music, where light, where there will be neglected geniuses at
attics and end the tragedy of the violin ...
     And the spin of the old master again confidently leaning over the machine, as forty years
ago. And again, I recall those nights Odessa, workshop and touching
chord strings and an extraordinary person's life - all this and a little thin
old entourage: bent old man, a bubble with a varnish, violin "joke" -
naive Pierrette, showing the nose - a polite and bad joke over their enemies. This
not an alchemist, no, not Faust. But still here, dammit, this workshop
settled an old and beautiful tale of eternal youth, life and movement
forward.