Odessa on the pre-revolutionary postcards

[SAH]

Odessa on the pre-revolutionary postcards

Anatoly Drozdovskii, Eva KRASNOVA "... Slightly openwork water,
Along the shores of clinking pearl ... "
JK Olesha (Odessa, 1917)

Odessa - South Palmyra - has always attracted the attention of painters of all levels. City c its unique architecture, sea, ships, incomparable Odessa types fell on canvas visiting celebrities and local nurtured by the southern Russian school of artists.

Postcard boom, rapidly growing popularity of postcards in the early twentieth century contributed to the reproduction of some masterpieces on postcards. The overwhelming number of art postcards, on the Odessa, published in Soviet times, regardless of the time creating paintings. Talk about some beautiful postcards of Odessa in chronological order to create paintings.

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Academic paintings, venerable court of landscape and architectural painter of the nineteenth century Nikiforovich Maxim Vorobiev (1787 - 1855) visited Odessa in 1820, going on the instructions of the heir to the throne of Palestine to the sketches of the Christian shrines. The son of janitor of the Academy of Arts, which has shown remarkable skill in drawing and diligence in teaching all his life was forced to paint on the instructions, very precisely by inserting the architectural details of buildings. It is enlivened by pictures of M. Vorobiev small group of people, skillfully placed them on location.

His work "Odessa. View from the military harbor "created in 1821, is the All-Union Museum, AS Pushkin in St. Petersburg. This is no accident, since it was such a great poet saw Odessa during his southern exile. Postcard with a reproduction of this painting and Pushkin's lines on the back "I lived in Odessa dusty ..." published in Moscow in 1990, publishing house "Visual Arts".

Later, in 1828, Maxim Nikiforovich accompanied by Nicholas I on a trip to the theater of military operations once the Russian-Turkish war of 1828 - 1829, GG, arising from the national liberation movement in Greece against the Turkish yoke. The fast growing Odessa inspired the artist to create two paintings, reproductions of which were on the cards.

On the steep bank of the Black Sea can be seen the palace of Count, Governor-General of the Novorossiysk Territory, Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov, the famous colonnade at the very edge. For the palace to view other young city built entirely of European species. Downstairs, in the foreground, the artist attracted the attention of the characteristic wooden structures - swimming pools for wealthy Odessa. The painting was created in 1832, and, like the previous one, is the All-Union Museum, AS Pushkin. Postcards from the reproduction published "Izogiz" in 1963.

Another painting, created in 1829, is a type of under construction Primorsky boulevard - offspring MS Vorontsov. In the center of a broad avenue of the boulevard visible monument to Duke de Richelieu of the greatest sculptor, Academician Ivan Martos and architect Melnikov. Giant staircase leading to the sea, has not yet built, as there is in its accustomed place magnificent building of the exchange. Steep slopes under the boulevard is not strengthened. Far away visible tower and a wall port quarantine and quarantine harbor with numerous sailing ships. The proportions of well-calculated and observed.

Painting is in the Peterhof Museum Palace Cottage.

It is known that the artist, MN Vorobiev painted to order MS Vorontsov. Type of Primorsky Boulevard is written from the window or the roof of the ducal palace, in the foreground painter painted grille that surrounded the palace and garden. His works the artist has preserved for posterity look young Odessa Pushkin's era.

Farewell, free element ... "- liked to Pushkin's lines written on the canvas a great artist - marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky - pupil MN Vorobiev in the Academy of Arts. Free of the sea lovely poet and painter. While living in Odessa, AS Pushkin daily descended the steep bank to the sea.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, IK Aivazovsky, being a great admirer of creativity, AS Pushkin, Pushkin wrote a series of paintings. Known large-format color postcard, published in Finland in the early twenty-first century, with reproductions of paintings created by IK Aivazovsky in 1897, many years decorating collection of the Odessa Art Museum.

To the 100-th anniversary of AS Pushkin published by GM Levinson in Odessa was printed card with black and white reproductions of paintings, called: "Pushkin on the Black Sea. According to the author's signature, written by I. Aivazovsky painting in 1868 in Odessa.

In my collection there are a few pre-revolutionary photo cards with reproductions of paintings with the same storyline and name but differ in significant details. Painting "Pushkin on the Black Sea", established in 1887, is located in the St. Nicholas Museum of Art. Vereschagin.

In 1930 the publishing house printed Kharkiv "Art of" photo greeting card with a painting of "Parting of the poet with the sea", I. Aivazovsky created in 1877 with IE Repin. It is widely known that Ilya Efimovich Pushkin wrote the piece, because beautiful seascape land and people on her checkered much worse than marine species.

This painting was inspired by the famous Soviet poet Edward Bagritsky, who wrote the following lines:
"... There he stood, there was eager to cloak wide
Here Byron he chanted.
Here in the smoky pigeon feathers
And the night, and the sea lay stretched before him ... "

Great Ayvazovski things connect with Odessa, here many times with great success were his personal exhibitions. Several marinas, including Pushkin, were donated to the artist's drawing of the Odessa school and are now in the Odessa Art Museum. In Odessa was born and grew up the grandson and disciple of IK Aivazovsky, artist Michael Latri.

Enigmatic and mysterious in the moonlight, look South Palmyra and the sea from its shores in the pictures I. Aivazovsky. "Kind of Odessa in the moonlight" in several versions of copyright are in the largest museums of the former Soviet Union, one of which adorns the halls of the State Russian Museum. Postcards from the painting "View of Odessa in the moonlit night" was reprinted in pre-revolutionary and pre-war and in postwar publications.

View of the Grand Fountain at sunset drew a famous artist - landscape painter G. Kapustina, and postcard with a reproduction of this painting, like his other wonderful Ukrainian landscapes, published before the time of revolutionary change.

From the wonderful watercolors look at the engravings on the developments of Russian-Turkish (Crimean) War in 1854. In the spring of this year to the shores of Odessa went to a combined Anglo-French squadron - Turkey's allies in the war. Confront it could only six coastal batteries peaceful city. In Holy Saturday April 10, 1854 battery under the command of Ensign AP Shchegoleva heroically repulsed within six hours of the attacks of 9 enemy ships and damaged three of them. Through actions Schegolevskoy battery Court enemy squadron could not approach the city and bomb it. This event had a huge impact around the world. Prints are available on postcards, printed phototypes M. Pikovsky, most likely, the fiftieth anniversary of these events, in 1904.

At engravings - view of the boulevard mid-nineteenth-century staircase, the steps which the sea roar, the enemy's squadron on the horizon, battery AP Shchegoleva the ruthless heroic battle.

In peaceful Odessa natural disasters, such as heavy snowfalls in 1900. "Photographic" streaked images of the artist M. Kalmanson devoted to this seasonal curiosity southern city.

Postcard "Snow drifts on the station Gnilyakovo" (now - the station dacha near Odessa) and "Stuck at the train station. Birzula "(now Station Kotovsk) made phototypes A. Nowak commissioned papetri Gesell. Odessa, too, was covered with snow. Scenes of two drawings of the same artist - unusually snowy Deribassovskaya angle Richelieu and Malofontanskaya road - are made with photographic accuracy, and easily recognizable. Postcards are printed the same phototypes A. Nowak, commissioned by the shop on Deribasovskaya N. Lurie.

Then, in the early twentieth century, were issued cards with reproductions of paintings by the artist from Odessa V. Dunaevsky, with great love painted his native city. A picturesque sunset on the beach Kuyal'nitskogo estuary, where before the Revolution was located fashionable and successful mud resort - with a fine church, built by architect Yu Dmitrenko, the artist painted from different sides. From paintings and sketches to her breathes serenity and goodness. Publishers postcards with reproductions of pictures are not given, but an exclusive sketch made on the postcard V. Dunayevsky mat "in favor of the community of St. Eugene."

Quite a different mood passes genre painting of this painter, reflecting the scene in an industrial area of Odessa, on the famous IE Babel Moldavanka. Odessa smoking chimneys of factories, unprepossessing inn and state wine store, a policeman with a truncheon, a poor drunken crowd - complete lack of prettiness and romance. But it is also Odessa, view from the "back door".

Responded artist V. Dunaevskii very bright and you want the city share to raise funds for the benefit of patients with tuberculosis - the day "White Flower". White daisies, rewarding those who have contributed their mite to this noble cause, turn white in their buttonholes jackets for men, dresses adorned ladies - all Odessa colored with white flowers. On the money collected was opened a dispensary, health center and later "White Flower" for the treatment of patients with this terrible disease. Brushes of this master belongs to the set of cartoons related to the events of urban life.

A series of several earlier established in the late nineteenth century souvenir postcards sketched views of the city, created an artist, not leaving their signature works. The postcards - Odessa types: drayman, Kvasnikov, longshoreman, little market. Plot another picture - a magnificent old exchange with the aristocratic audience Nicholas Avenue, signed by the initials "NB"

But "Purple" Odessa, blooming lilac bushes so fond of writing TYURH members - Association of South Russian Artists, created in 1890. Our permanent long-term chairman TYuRHa recognized "father" of the Odessa school of painting - Kyriakos K. Kostandi - painted around the ancient monastery of the Assumption on the Great Fountain at different times of the year. His chamber music has taught landscape artist from Odessa to see the color of the Odessa air. Aware of the various versions of the most famous author of his paintings that adorn the art collections of Odessa, Kiev and other art museums.

Contemporaries believed K. Kostandi Russian impressionist, in any case, the Odessa school of painting pioneered in Russia from the academic and Peredvizhnichestvo to Impressionism.

Namesakes Kyriakos Kostandi - Harlampy Kostandi (Kostanda) Odessa fellow artists are not to complain, but on the cards were his miniatures - Marina - lovely seascapes. In my collection there are several original marine species, drawn Harlampiev Kostandi butter on pre-revolutionary postcard mat. And in the moonlight, and the sun's rays illuminated the sea, coastal rocks, continuing sailing in the performance of the artist look, in my opinion, very bad. (See Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3, Fig.4).


Odessa's unique architecture, absorbed elements of the culture of all peoples inhabiting it, often falling on the canvases. Building the City Duma, the former Stock Exchange, at the Seaside (Nicholas) Boulevard attracted the attention of the famous artist - an architect, author of the paintings on the architectural theme, George Kreskentevicha Lukomski. Contemporaries attributed the artist's technical methods and motives of his work to a group of artists "World of Art". Postcards from the reproduction of pictures was published "in favor of the community of St. Eugene."

"... To the right of the Duma. A number of columns
Voiceless flower And a gun.
And then the sea, a pale horizon
And in the sky fossilized Pushkin ... "

This is the place described in his youthful poems Odessa Yuri Olesha. And another from Odessa, artist Peter S. Konovsky, used postcard mat, which before the revolution were sold in all stationery stores, to pencil sketches of the same lane boulevard. PS Konovsky (1883 - 1953) was a pupil of Odessa's drawing school, a pupil of Konstantin Korovin at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, a teacher for almost 20 years of drawing and painting at the Odessa Art School.

In 1910 Odessa was visited Moscow artists, Ivan and George Pashkova. Their pen belonged to the most intricate image pavilions Odessa commercial and industrial exhibitions and some of the city. Not surprisingly, the type of Muscovites brought legendary Odessa Cafe Fanconi, located at the corner of Lanzheronovskaya and Catherine. Postcard from reproductions of paintings, written by George Pashkov in 1910, made by St. Petersburg by the Association Golike R. and A. Vilborg, moreover, the reverse side also processed brothers Pashkova.

The restaurant is described in many works of art dedicated to our city. It is mentioned: L. Utesov, V. Kataev, A. Averchenko, Olesha etc.

"... Robin and I have Fanconi
Glitters dresses beau monde ... "

Tradititional Cafe Fanconi were numerous Odessa businessmen, often at the tables were the deal, sealed only a handshake and word of honor that was unshakable.

An interesting example of the use of a postcard to advertise their products showed the owners of the Society of French polish. Moscow businessmen ordered the capital's renowned graphics artist posters and commercial advertising Alexander Petrovich Apsitu pictures glorifying the shoe polish "Eclipse". (Fig.1, Fig.2.)

Two Miniatürk postcards got Odessa branch of the Society of French polish. I do not know how good was the subject of the advertisement and how to increase its sales thanks to massive advertising, but images executed masterfully, with knowledge of the laws of advertising. Not accidentally the artist did not hesitate to put their name on such products is not prestigious.

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