Leading
Modern art (contemporary art) - start with the fact that in each period of time is a contemporary art: Rembrandt was a contemporary artist 1650's.
From the perspective of the professional language of the industry, "modern" is the art which was made either after the Second World War, or from 60-ies. I adhere to the principle of separation of the end of WWII. All that is created before it in the twentieth century - a modern art. Terms modern and contemporary and appeared needed in everyday life, especially when the American market has formed in the face of art galleries such as Leo Castelli (opened in 1957) in New York and the Ferus Gallery (1957-1966) in Los Angeles, as well as the development of the secondary market - auction houses, for example, Parke-Bernet, Sotheby's (which bought Parke-Bernet in 1964) and Christie's.
Descriptions of the difference between the modernist and contemporary art come from a critical theory of art: from the theorists of the Frankfurt School (20-30-e, by the way, for further development, I highly recommend reading Theodor Adorno (Theodor Adorno), and Walter Benjamin (Walter Benjamin) and began to appear Articles American art critics such as Clement Greenberg (Clement Greenberg), who wrote "Avant-Garde and Kitsch» (Avant-Garde and Kitsch) in 1939. When it became clear that a modern, modernism and modernity, it was necessary to create some other term, to somehow define the art that was produced after, or even against modernism. It would be logical, then, to say the post-modern (post-modern) - that is, after modernism /modernist art. But Historically, we do not use the term "post-modern/post-modernistskoe" in relation to art. In fact, the "post-modern art" - it all means nothing, instead of the term came the name of the modern (contemporary). The first time the term "contemporary art" used by Rosalind Krauss (Rosalind Krauss) - Greenberg's student and part-time one of my professors at Columbia University in New York - in his dissertation about David Smith (David Smith) at Harvard v1969-m.
The phrase "post-modern" refers to the theory and has become such a broad designation that in schools history of art it is practically forbidden. When I wrote the report Barnard College at Columbia University and the Courtauld Institute in London, using the word "post-modern" I triple guarantee, as if genius was no written report, a Rosalind Krauss for it could simply be expelled from his class.
Here is a vivid example at the level of artists: Piet Mondrian - modernist artist, and Andy Warhol - modern. To understand the difference between the art nouveau and modern art in the eyes of historians, you will need to read some basic theory: start with "Avant-Garde and Kitsch," Clement Greenberg, and «Art and Objecthood» Michael Fried (Michael Fried), 1967. Reading will take you no more than three hours, and much will become clear about the difference between contemporary art and art nouveau. Incidentally, both theoretical opposed to modern art (although this term they have not yet used). That often happens - someone opposed, and its energy opposition creates a context for the emergence of something new. But back yet practical side of the issue.
On the content /content
Contemporary art - an art that is created in the context of the present day and usually responds to its context, or comment on it. Thus, the marine landscape a la Aivazovsky, written twenty-year student or a pastel painted by the artist yard Montmartre in 2010 are not "modern art", even though they are here and now. They may like you, no question, there is no accounting for tastes. But do not call these creations "contemporary art", because these pictures did not reflect the modern context, and nothing new for us not create. There also may be attributable to sunset pictures made by a professional camera to your girlfriend, or a fashion shoot of your favorite photographer for the magazine V. Maybe it really looks interesting, but it is not art (of course there are exceptions, such as Juergen Teller (Juergen Teller), but very few). Rosalind Krauss wrote a dissertation on the newly deceased artist David Smith (David Smith) not because he virtuoso paint and brush and was able to photographically depict what he saw. Krauss wrote about Smith because he was a symptom of modernity, and his work and are helping us to understand the context of time, more and more deeply.
By the way, "conceptual" art came from the idea that art reflects the context and has some promise, but went further. I often hear from the Russian audience exclamations from the series "It's very conceptual!" In the form of a compliment or "It's too conceptually ..." in the form of disturbance that nothing is clear. Conceptual art - art which, above all, drew attention to the subject matter, and only then on form and technique implementation. That is, in principle, Marcel Duchamp's urinal was a "concept" - but the Marseille then did not know this. Urinal was a theoretical gesture against the pomposity of salon art, manifested through the form of the urinal as a ready-made. The term "conceptual art" has appeared in a treatise of the artist Joseph Kosuth "Art after Philosophy» (Joseph Kosuth «Art after Philosophy»), written in 1969.
Then talk about the form. In my view, contemporary art is roughly divided into two subspecies: after Pablo Picasso, and after Marcel Duchamp. Both artists were figures of great significance for the art of the twentieth century, but they pursued radically different ways. All Pop Artists of the World - the followers of Duchamp, because their work is based on a «found object and the ready-made» - the so-called "found objects". Campbell Soup Company was "found objects" to Warhol in the creation of this famous series of works in the 1960's.
In the modern art I can give you an example of two Americans named Aaron 1972-year of birth: Aaron Curry (Aaron Curry) and Aaron Young (Aaron Young). Curry was born in San Antonio, Texas, and Young in San Francisco, California. They are the same age and grew up in the same context. However, Curry clearly be on the road paved by Picasso, and Young - on the road, punctured Duchamp. See for yourself and see the difference.
In general, to express the concept in the art may be used an unlimited number of various materials - from standard canvas and oils (Luc Tuymans (Luc Tuymans) to kitchen utensils (Subodh Gupta (Subodh Gupta), or stuffed animals (Maurizio Cattelan (Maurizio Cattelan). For example suspended from the wall of a horse that appeals to the biography of the Soviet political leader ("The Ballad of Trotsky," by Maurizio Cattelan).
obavlyu about our native Russian language. You probably heard that modern art is sometimes referred to as "relevant". When I heard it the first time, do not understand what's going on. It was found that "contemporary art" - it's just a Russian translation contemporary art, who writes Wikipedia, appeared in 1990. I may have missed something, but, in my opinion, once again inventing the wheel - is meaningless. Let's give up such a strange phrase, as if it was not expensive art critics of the 90's. Otherwise, it turns out that if "contemporary art" begins after the Second World War or after the 60's, the whole history of art up to this point has lost relevance for us.
Conclusion
In conclusion, to tell you a little story about the language of contemporary art in the 90's, which was told to me by my friend Fyodor. Perhaps this story - a legend, but the very existence of this legend is about something he said.
A long time ago (when I was little and lived in America) in the 90 Stella Kesaeva brought several works of Warhol in Russia and exposed them to the public. They say around Warhol's work with the sign of $ 2 stood guard with assault rifles. I have this version too, so much love that I'm not going to call Stella or other people involved in this exhibition and find out the details. Already hurt do not want to expose such a beautiful picture, let it remain a myth to many glaring inaccuracies. But back to the language. So Fyodor says that he then worked in the newspaper "Kommersant" and that "the Kommersant newspaper had to write a review of the exhibition of the artist - Andy Warhol. A write his name in Russian, no one knew. It is said, appealed to Sviblova (forgive me, Olga Lvovna, nothing personal, I simply retold the legend), and Sviblova said that it reads like Andy Uarol. After Sviblova - Specialist in French, not English, so she said what she knew. Well, "Kommersant" and wrote - brought Andy Uarolya.
To avoid such oversights in the 2010's, in the next issue I will present to your attention the shorter notation of important terms, and offer you my stop-list words, which suggested that the use in talking about "modern" (not "current") art.
http://www.lookatme.ru/flows/v-gorod...rii-baybakovoy
09.04.2010, 13:21
Column Maria Baibakova on lookatme.ru
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