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As a result of examination of many paintings by famous Russian painters are transformed into works of little-known Dutch
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Recently, the auction house Sotheby `s said that he no longer will sell Russian paintings in New York. The official explanation - it is mainly interested buyers from Moscow and London. The true reason may be different: a segment of Russian painting awash with fakes.
Alexander Golubov
Forge is not only a picture. On the art market has segments of ancient coins, jewelry, bronze, state awards, knives, military paraphernalia, etc. But the share of first place in the painting holds a fake, the yield in this area is particularly high.
In Russia, production of fake paintings has become a real industry. The explanation is simple. Since Soviet times, the owner of the vast majority of high-quality works of art is the state. The appearance of the country's richest men was accompanied by a formal antiques boom, and very soon it became clear that the paintings of famous artists are, to put it mildly, a scarce commodity. And since the market always finds a way to meet the demand, a huge number of fakes, or falshakov, as they are often referred to as the art market. Over the years, customers are becoming sophisticated and legible, improved methods of examination, and, of course, consistent with increased quality of the fakes. Recently, a huge demand for antiques and paintings impose "new" Kazakhs, Tajiks, and other nouveaux riches - the representatives of the former Soviet republics. By the way, in Central Asia are of special honor of Franz Roubaud battle-painter, and artists who wrote the local scenery. This also contributed to the increase in the number of forgeries.
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The spread of counterfeit, according to the specialized departments of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department, assists and opacity of the market. In most cases, buying a painting can not be documented, transactions are made exclusively "on trust". Therefore, in the case of fraud to the police treat victims very often, because even he can not confirm the deal.
Native Dutch
Methods of production of counterfeit paintings have long been worked. Virtually none of the masters of this case will not communicate with the manufacturer falshaka antiques from scratch - too many organizational and technical problems. There is another way, the tried and tested.
On the world market in large numbers offered little-known paintings, if not unknown to the Dutch, Germans and other Europeans. Demand, they almost do not use and cost mere pennies. It is these pictures and become raw material for the manufacture of counterfeits. Detectives know the times when such a painting on the European auctions of our compatriots were buying in bulk, focusing only on the age of the works, and not actually interested in the names of the authors.
The first step is actually a fake product. As a rule, the scheme is as follows: a picture of Dutch or German, some parts are removed and new pririsovyvayutsya peculiar to this or that Russian artist demanded by the market. And, of course, the signature - Shishkin, Aivazovsky, Savrasov, Korovin. Doing it, or artists, or restorers. Some of them were attracted to an acquaintance, often without devoting to the final goal of the customer, while others specialize in forgery. According to experts, many of these "collaborators" well aware of the history of art, to understand the subtleties in the manner of writing is not only the largest Western European and Russian masters, but also artists of the second and third rows. In addition, they are well aware of methods of assessment and take into account the technological criteria of authenticity.
The next important step - passing the examination. The most reputable experts in Russia are painting Grabar Center, Tretyakov Gallery, Russian Museum, Research Institute of the restoration, the Museum of the East, "Artkonsalting" (the latter especially is quoted when it comes to technical expertise, defining, say, a leaf ages). The fastest selling paintings, successfully passed through several professional societies. But take a leaf and with only one expert opinion.
There are different ways to get such a conclusion. In some cases, con artists are skilled real painting - its market through the familiar "bug" just rent from the owner. After this, for example, Shishkin safely pass study with him, on the basis of similarities in plot of cheap European cloth is a copy or multiple copies. For each of them are duplicated in the photocopier quality and expertise, and then copies sold. This method is good because if a potential buyer decides to double-check the results of the examination and contact with the wires of a specialist, he will confirm: yes, last week saw Shishkin, it is genuine.
There are other ways to get the conclusion. For example, you can try to convince the expert that the picture is not for sale, as well as a gift, so no one to check its authenticity is not, and therefore, the conclusion can be signed without any consequences. Encounter with the detectives, and cases where professionals have signed the necessary papers for a fee - so often the case, for example, when you need to lower the age of the painting: by law, the export of works of art over 100 years, the country is forbidden, and over 50 years - is limited.
However, mostly detectives only have operational information about such cases as an expert to prove the fact of bribery is extremely difficult - not a crook, who presented a study on the fake painting, nor the expert in finding the truth are not interested. In addition, the expert can always refer to the ordinary human error. And they also happen.
Eight years ago a huge impact was the story of the auction, Sotheby `s, when suddenly was withdrawn from sale," Landscape with a stream "by Ivan Shishkin. This painting is considered one of the top lots of the Russian auction in London and was presented as an early, student work of the painter. The picture was estimate (preliminary estimate) in the £ 550-700 million ($ million 1-1,28). But at the last moment the representatives of the Swedish auction house Bukowskis learned in her painting of Dutch artist Marinus Kukkuka, they sold a year earlier, in May of 2003, for $ 57.4 thousand - while the Swedes were surprised that the starting price is a little-known paintings of the artist was exceeded in six times. Then, apparently, the picture went to Russia, where a specialist removed the lamb from the canvas and the people (uncharacteristic for Shishkin details) and added the caption "Schischkin 1863" - instead of "M. A. Koekkoek". Expert opinion on the authenticity has been issued in the State Tretyakov Gallery.
After a series of corruption scandals involving counterfeit auctioneers have become much more picky refers to Russian expertise
Photo by: Dmitry Lekay, Kommersant
Removal of double
The final step - implementation of forgery. Potential buyers are fraudsters in the galleries, exhibitions, art shops. However, more often, of course, learn about them from brokers operating in this market. First, the client process. In particular, it offers telephone expert who signed the conclusion on the authenticity of the picture, so that the buyer could make a clean thing. If falshakov copies a real, not fictional work of the artist, the client will try to show the directory in which it appears, etc. If the scammers have access to the original (as already mentioned, it, for example, you can borrow from the owner), then at the first meeting the buyer must show it and even offered along with the cloth once more to go to the expert. After that, the picture under some pretext or shipped away, and the next time there is a scammers fake. Earnings depend on a variety of circumstances, but generally, the work of Western artist costing several thousand euros and made based on it, "Shishkin", "Roubaud," or "Aivazovsky" goes for tens and even hundreds of thousands.
Ways to export abroad, the picture is also tuned. According to the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department officers, the fraudsters often use fake return. The calculation is the fact that customs officers, seeing that the age pattern allows you to easily take it out of the country, authorship and the authenticity of a product is no longer interested.
Especially effective scheme, which involves two accomplices, one takes out the canvas with false travel documents, of which, for example, that a copy or a picture, written 20 years ago, conservative Russian author, and the second driven documents with expert opinion about it Savrasov and Aivazovsky. Abroad, the canvas and rejoin the desired set of documents.
Finally, according to detectives, virtually unchecked can take a picture through the border with Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic countries.
More witnesses and evidence
Guaranteed way to avoid fraud when buying works of art or antiques subject has not yet been invented. However, you can significantly reduce the risk of losing money.
First of all, in any transactions with the works of art and other cultural and historical values should be as detailed as possible to document them. When it comes to painting, it will come in handy high-quality photographs (sometimes as early as possible for them to conduct a comparative analysis), detailed description, preferably certified by a specialist or a notary public. Before buying a picture is worth reading professional literature about the author, the peculiarities of his writing. Sometimes even the inexperienced, but to prepare the buyer and no examination can reveal the quality is not too fake. In addition, you can see the fake directories, compiled at the time Rosokhrankultura. It is possible that there you will see the title of the painting that you offer.
Russian art auctions in the Western collectors are interested mainly in Russia
Photo: Yuri Martyanov, Kommersant
One of the main precautions - avoid all sorts of intermediaries. It is much safer to seek the necessary works at auction or in galleries and art shops, where the same can tell what they know of the same owner, or Savrasov, such as Shishkin's ready to sell it.
Although, of course, an absolute guarantee of authenticity stuff here, too, does not exist. Suffice it to recall the sensational story with the owner of the gallery, "Russian Collection" Transfiguration Tatiana and her husband Igor. According to the investigators, an enterprising couple has sold paintings by Alexander Kiselev and Alexander Orlov for $ 700 thousand In fact, the picture painted by the little-known Danish artists of the XIX century Janus la Cura and Andreas Lundby, whose works are estimated at $ 5-6 thousand a result, spouses were sentenced to lengthy prison terms.
Another worthwhile precaution - all purchases at the register of notaries. If possible, transfer pictures and money needed to carry it for at least two witnesses. It is worth to take a receipt from the seller to the amount received from you. When these rules are complied with and if you find that you have sold falshakov, the prospect of a trial will not look bad.
In addition, the purchase must be to invite an expert who gave the opinion, for confirmation of authenticity. Ideally, it is desirable to agree with him about the meeting and drive with the seller before sending pictures directly to it to you.
Finally, if doubts still remain, we can seek the advice of the staff "antique" division of criminal investigation. Expert opinion, they certainly will not give, but check the database if there was any fiddling with the picture that you are selling, they can. Incidentally, the detectives say that if the buyer kept the necessary precautions, then uncover fraud will be much easier.
Finally , according to detectives , virtually unchecked can take a picture through the border with Ukraine, Belarus , Baltic countries.
From that, so do not throw shit in the neighborhood the author of this Wikipedia "Second freshness" has traditionally not resist . It forgot to tell you how these " masterpieces bullshit " freely cross the border of his homeland.
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10.07.2012, 19:10
Shishkin hand by an unknown artist
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