Game Sakharov

Everything changes when idol worship despise the priests themselves - forcing, however, all the rest fall down before the Great Idol. Is usually justified by either the interests of the flock - these fools want is for something to believe, "or, more cynically, the interests of the priestly caste -" or else we would lose its share of victims. " In any case, there's no talk about the truth or falsity of their ideals are no longer protected by a possible value: even though these ideals themselves are beautiful and amazing, but it protects something of a gang of swindlers and rogues who should in any case to drive from the altar of filthy broom .

In this sense, the shrine is particularly indicative of our liberal society. As is known, it has its iconostasis, filled with bright faces of the fighters for the cause of freedom. Faces are available to suit all tastes - from Chaadaev and to General Pinochet, from Dostoevsky and to Abram Tertz, from General Vlasov and defector to Suvorov-Rezun from writer Solzhenitsyn to Sakharov. Liberal public all the time, pokes his nose in a miserable society these icons and makes everyone else to show them reverence of every kind and regularly produce relevant offerings. Including entirely material, what else will be discussed. But the main thing - it is a requirement of absolute reverence: this is our sanctuary, here are our idols, that's who blessed us in our just cause. See, ignoramuses, and tapeworm: they - prayer for our sins.

However, here's the hidden features. Relation to revered shrines in words varies greatly, as soon as we leave the field of public slovogovoreniya and the topics discussed in the "inner circle". And then it turns out that the picture "for their" very different from the charges against the outside - that leads to the appropriate unhappy thoughts.

This is especially true of modern idols and kumirchikov. To not go away: the much vaunted human rights activist Sergei Adamovich Kovalev, the best friend of the Chechen people and indomitable fighter against Russian fascism, in its "environment is perceived as a man is not very healthy in the head. A professional fighter for freedom of speech Evgeny Kiselev has a reputation (deserved or not, do not judge me) small stool pigeon, which once or twice lucky to employment. More self-respect is Rastignac Malashenko, whose experience of walking on the corpses and the extraordinary cynicism entered legend. The amount of cursing, cheerfully and with gusto poured on all sorts of "Nemtsov," Hakamada, and other public figures of the same parsing, simply defies description. As far as these newly acquired fighters for the cause of the middle class and civil society as "Gusinsky, Berezovsky," (or some sort of "bor"), then even here the "outside" are well aware, in fact these people are gentlemen comrades liberals, and how those feelings are mutual ...

But do not, however, believe that the liberal audience very much nothing is sacred. Foam days - is one thing, but really the faces of the saints - is quite another. There are a certain number of names, a cult which is not marred by infighting. Basically this is, of course, dead - benefit from them no harm, and the benefits great. However, among the dead, sometimes appear and formal living. For example, in the current liberal Calendars appear on a certain number of personalities, "equal to the dead." The most famous example is Alexander Solzhenitsyn. As the great writer of the Russian Land, Nobel Prize-winning author of One Day of Ivan Denisych And Gulag Archipelago, in which he opened the world the truth about the bloody Soviet regime, it is extremely revere. As a real person is still alive (the article was written when Solzhenitsyn was still alive - ed. Tiutchev), and even from time to time expressing any opinions about what is happening, he declared a "survivor of mind starikanom, deprived of an audience , despised, and is a target of constant ridicule and abuse. That is, there are like two Solzhenitsyn - Solzhenitsyn-1, an old fighter honored with Soviet totalitarianism (who died somewhere in the writing of the brochure "How can we Rebuilding Russia"), and Solzhenitsyn-2, non-democratic, totalitarian and mossy, which is something there muttering about the genocide of the Russian people, about the death penalty for criminals, and so on. In this case all the writings and ideas of Solzhenitsyn coolly-1 assigned to the liberal parties, and even built in the canonical dignity.

But all this is minor roughness. Since the whole is crowned by a pyramid of liberal mythology, some truly cyclopean figure, perfect to the tips of nails. I mean, Academician Andrei Sakharov, of which we are going to talk.

First - an introduction. Official liberal myth states that Sakharov was both a genius and a saint. He showed his genius in physics, in which he made some amazing discoveries and breakthroughs. In doing so they have a weighty, rough, visibly equivalent - for example, the Soviet nuclear weapons, supposedly invented by Sakharov himself. Holiness is it manifested in the fact that all his great prestige, earned at nuclear test sites, academician at the service of the ideas of peace, progress and democracy. Stagnant Soviet bosses, not boyavsheesya neither devil nor the devil, trembled before the genius, and bowed to his will, even in the most important international issues. In particular, the Sakharov attributed to the initiative of the Moscow Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere of 1963, which Soviet leaders signed only under pressure from the Academy. Before that, however, he saved the country from the epidemic of rampant illiteracy, opposing Khrushchev's plan to reduce secondary education. He also in 1964, delivered from the yoke of charlatans and killers domestic biological science, destroying one statement terrible "school of Lysenko. Finally, the Academy gave a direct challenge to the authorities, and in 1968 published a manifesto "Reflections on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom, where she first suggested the idea, which later became the basis of human rights movement. (Which still remain unquenchable beacon for all people of goodwill.) To death frightened the Soviet authorities finally realized the full horror of his situation, and the impotent rage laid hands on the genius: he was criminally denied admission to posts relating to military secrets . Later he was admitted to the Institute named PN Lebedev, a Senior Scientific Officer - the lowest of those that can take a Soviet academician. In 1970, together with other Soviet physicists founded the Sakharov Committee For Human Rights "-" umbrella "organization of the human rights movement, and from then completely immersed in politics, engaging in a keynote speech in front of Western journalists, as well as writing and signing a variety of securities -- letters of protest, appeals, appeals and other complaints to higher authorities of the Soviet and world level. During the picketing of the courtroom, where extrajudicial tribunal tried another dissident, Sakharov met with fiery Elena Bonner, which a year combined legal marriage: from now on they will be together till the end, and even more so.

Pathetic attempt to slander the Soviet government and tarnish bright appearance Academica only fueling interest in this figure. Simple Soviet people also understand that's what. In the set of memoirs of Sakharov mentions an anecdote about peasants, who, in conversation with an intelligent companion, suddenly expresses confidence that their superiors, of course, one could expect anything, but here, for example, the price of vodka it would raise. The question - "why?" - Interlocutor with confidence in his eyes says: "Akademik Brezhnev is not solve!" This is probably apocryphal, but not the Apocrypha were streams of letters which went to the address requested Academica "benefits to this, and find shorten" in some local bureaucrat - that is, it begins to be perceived as a sort of a higher court. They say one of these letters was eloquent address: Moscow, Ministry of Human Rights and Protection, Sakharov. This naive reservation, by the way, unexpectedly accurate: Academic position in the eyes of people perceived by some as ministerial. Soon it is confirmed "the other side": in 1975, Sakharov, on presentation Solzhenitsyn received the Nobel Peace Prize.

The award takes Elena Bonner (according to her, Sakharov was too busy to fly to Sweden, because he was extremely busy in Vilnius, defending dissident). She also read on his behalf Nobel lecture. Indeed, from this moment Bonner and becomes official acting Sakharov. Moreover, it suits this role. In the future, she will not miss any opportunity to speak on behalf and on behalf of.

In the eightieth year of sugars angrily condemned the "Soviet invasion of Afghanistan." At this point the patience of the authorities is over, and he is being - oh, horror! - Deportation of the city of Gorky, where kept under house arrest and prevented from seeing with EB Separated from husband, wife, however, perfectly fulfills its duties valiantly fighting the Soviet government by various cunning ways. In the end, it has added to her husband, after which begins the famous "time famine".

However, reasons for such drastic measures were mainly personal. First, in 1981 held a hunger strike Sakharov and Bonner for the right to leave Elena Alekseeva to the United States to the bridegroom, the son of Elena Bonner. Departure Brezhnev was resolved after a personal request of the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR). In the summer of 1984, Sakharov had inconclusive on hunger strike for the right of his wife on a trip to the U.S. for meetings with family and treatment. This was so important that even the forced hospitalization (gavage) did not break the academician. The motives and the details of this hunger strike, Sakharov said the fall in the letter A. Alexandrov, requesting assistance in obtaining permission to visit his wife, and declared its withdrawal from the Academy of Sciences in the event of failure. April - September 1985 - the last Sakharov's hunger strike with the same goals, re-placement in a hospital and force-feeding. Permission to leave Bonner was issued in July 1985 after Sakharov's letter to Mikhail Gorbachev's promise to focus on the scientific work and to stop public statements, if Yelena Bonner still will go to the United States.


This was the peak of martyrdom: after his political resurrection Moscow, Sakharov said Michael Levin: "You know, in the hospital, I realized that experienced slaves of ancient Rome, when they crucified."

But then a miracle occurs. In a new letter to Gorbachev 22 October 1986 Sakharov requests to let him go to Moscow, once again promising to behave quietly and peaceably, to abandon the policy of occupation and spend the rest of days in the works in the field of theoretical physics. Instead, on Dec. 16, 1986 Sakharov, Gorbachev calls on the phone and utters the following phrase: "go back and start his patriotic activity." In "Sakharov" circles, this event is considered the beginning of "perestroika", denying the dignity of the known se "the April Plenum.

A week later, together with Elena Bonner, Sakharov returned to Moscow, where he again plunges into the abyss dissidensko-advocacy. In 1988 he was elected honorary chairman of the society "Memorial" in 1999 - people's deputy. During the famous sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he shakes the podium with their performances. For violation of rules (simply, he says as long as it sees fit) to him a few times cut off the microphone, which is seen throughout the progressive community as another unprecedented persecution of genius. Sakharov died of a heart attack on Dec. 14, 1989, after a hard day of work at the Congress of People's Deputies. As the last words of the Academy usually result in the phrase "Tomorrow will be a fight!", He told one of the closest associates on the phone. He has already cooled body was found on the rug in the hallway. Immediately, of course, there was talk that Sakharov "killed the KGB." Yelena Bonner, these conversations are not supported, nor refuted. The funeral of Andrei Dmitrievich become a grand demonstration, which received hundreds of thousands of people.

But in this earthly life of the Academy is not over. In contrast to the "dead in life," Solzhenitsyn, Sakharov, and now some of the livelier living. Currently it is supplanted by his widow, Elena Bonner.

There will have to slow down a bit and give explanations. In principle, the usual role of close relatives of the deceased in the Bose great man - a legacy storage, analysis of archives, the publication of manuscripts, and writing his memoirs. This is a worthy and honorable occupation, since it helps preserve the character and works of genius for posterity. All this presupposes a certain social activity, such as ordering of different events to perpetuate the memory of a great man and erecting his miraculous or man-made monuments. Sometimes, of course, it can not do without what is called "speculation, the name" - that is, when a person begins to use the deceased relatives in a matter of personal purposes. Most often it is completely harmless. And when the old lady, a widow, raising her on his glasses, utters something like for example "but my husband always would say that ...", and then goes proposition very old lady, we just smiled softly to himself, but did not speak out loud - even if just know that her late husband had on the said issue opinions opposite.

However, the widow of Andrei Dmitrievich - more than a widow. Her role - is the role of deputy regent, as a matter of fact - Acting late Academician. Interestingly, it is a place reserved for it even formally: a testament Sakharov pointed out (very unusual) the exclusive right of Elena Bonner to speak on his behalf. That is, in her mouth saying "Sakharov would have said so-and-so" has a completely different weight. However, to hell with it, with the will: it is, after all, when formal. It is important that the right to speak on behalf of the deceased unanimously recognized throughout the liberal intelligentsia, both domestic and Western. Moreover, it has been confirmed all sorts of labels to represent, issued by authoritative bodies. From the latter: this year, Elena Bonner was extremely prestigious "Award for civic courage", established by the German Heinrich Boell Foundation. Recipient of the award (in 15 thousand marks) determines annually by an international jury. Her presentation takes place in Bremen, the Senate which is co-founder of the Prize. Speaking at the awarding ceremony, Mayor of Bremen Hennig Scherf emphasized that Elena Bonner, along with the deceased spouse, the Nobel laureate Andrei Sakharov, "made a significant contribution to the establishment of new political thinking, becoming a symbol of hope for many people, and raise its voice against the dominance of totalitarianism. This, incidentally, ordinary event: all prizes and awards Bonner receives with enviable regularity. These include, for example, such exotica as the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas the 3rd degree, obtained from a grateful widow of the great Lithuanian state in the ninety-ninth. In this case, as usual, stressed that the awarding of the Order of Bonner is also a tribute to Sakharov's (and at the same time in honor of Academician was named one of the Vilnius area). Well, of course, she is granted in the West, the best time in the air and on the front pages of newspapers, are invited to report on the situation in Russia in the U.S. Senate and the parliaments of the European powers. By the way, forgot to say about money: no need to think that remembered for the accuracy of fifteen thousand marks more or less significant for Helena Georgievna. She manages millions. I think everyone remembers the story of the Andrei Sakharov Center in Moscow, where Boris Berezovsky has donated three lemons "green." And Elena Bonner, before taking the money, and still relish pokochevryazhilas, knowing full well that give money Great widow - that in itself the honor, which has yet to be earned ... And all this for the widow to continue to serve.

Now proceed to the analysis. Throughout this entertaining history is a few interesting moments. First of all, attention is drawn to highly positive, to say the least, the attitude of "bloody Bolshevik regime" to our hero. Since then, in 1947 Stalin's personal orders Sakharov was awarded the academic title (while Sakharov was a simple graduate student), has started enhanced "promotion" the image of a great scientist, who apparently came from the leadership of the Academy. In 1953, aged 32, Sakharov was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics Department. The Secretary of his Academician IV Kurchatov said at a meeting of department: "This man has done for the defense of our country than we present here." Sakharov became the youngest scientist ever elected to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR - an elite ruling body of Soviet science. In the future, it is this instance Sakharov took care of every possible way, going for him even confrontation with the top leadership of the country. Further, Sakharov activities for a long time have not met any resistance. Among minsredmashevskih workers still goes the story of how Sakharov issued its first letter: deputy called on the regime, handed the text, and ordered to acquaint all specialists of the Ministry. After that people called in the first division and made a receipt is read. There are a number of stories, poluanekdoticheskih-half-legendary, about how to behave sugars with party leadership - namely, as "one having authority". And the harsh "partocrats, calmly hacked" genetics, cybernetics, somehow tolerate it, "passed the back", went to the compromises and agreements. In the memoirs of Boris Altshuller there is a remarkable confession: "... unbelievable but true: His voice penetrated to the very pinnacle of power in the Soviet Union and elsewhere, his actions and his opinions - private opinion of the independent expert's position on strategic nuclear issues disarmament - were considered and analyzed when making critical decisions. "You are on the top floor of the authorities", - said my father, L. Altshuler (also part of a group of scientists - the developers of the Soviet nuclear weapons), who visited the Sakharov soon after his return from exile in December 1986. "I'm not on the top floor. I am close to the top floor, on the other side of the window ", - said Andrei D. ..." However, the melancholy notes the author's memoirs, many associated with Sakharov can be determined by the word "miracle." K "miracles", as well as to the mysterious "second side of the window," we'll come back, but for now we note to myself that frazochka Akademik Brezhnev would not allow ", it seems, was under a certain reason.

'll Have to slightly touch on the theme "Sakharov - the creator of the Soviet nuclear weapons." Experts question thus usually add that it is not about nuclear power, but the hydrogen bomb, Sakharov, and that's still not the author of "nuclear secrets", but only of a very important component of it. Further refinements lead to impotence. According to one version, sugars calculate the dynamics of a nuclear explosion. According to another - the problems of electromagnetic fields. According to the third, it was he who originated the idea of compression of thermonuclear fuel an atomic explosion. However, all agree that the role of Sakharov in the project was very high, but the role of "father of super-weapon, he still attributed in retrospect that, of course, does not negate its undoubted scientific merit. However, they were marked on the dignity of the party and government: the three stars of Hero of Socialist Labor, and numerous awards - it is not Khukhro-Muhrram.

But far more interesting role Sakharov in the Soviet nuclear policy. Thus, a very curious history of the Soviet moratorium on nuclear testing. In 1958 there were two articles on Sakharov harmful effect of radioactive nuclear explosions on the heredity and, consequently, reduced life expectancy. According to the Academy, each megaton explosion results in the future to 10 thousands of victims of cancer. In the same year, Sakharov tried to influence the extension of the Soviet Union declared a moratorium on nuclear explosions. Sakharov was a memorandum to Communist Party chief Nikita Khrushchev. The meaning of the text was limited to the fact that the test is not needed "and only provoke an arms race, and therefore they should be banned forever. As a result, the moratorium lasted for three years. I was interrupted in 1961, and a very impressive: test super-powerful 50-megaton hydrogen bomb, for the creation of which Sakharov was awarded the third medal of Hero of Socialist Labor. The bombing made an enormous impression on the world community, and in 1963 signed a treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in three environments.

There is something begins to emerge. Attention is drawn to the tactics of the Soviet leadership: on the one hand, breathable humanism article Sakharov and his own petition to Khrushchev, on the other - hydrogen bemts the entire planet, to which sugar was also directly involved. However, the one and the other action clearly had in mind the same objective: the Treaty. Which eventually was signed.

Do I understand this so that the Academy, as they say, "doing work for the Soviet leadership, or at least some part of it? Yes and no. No - in the sense that it is certainly not becoming of Fruntov to Khrushchev, who gave him another job. Yes - in the sense that the academician, it seems, still was used for the above purpose. Question - How?


There will have to delve into the sensitive area. The usual picture of the "Soviet government" as an absolutely rigid "command and" vertical, which goes into the shape of the next secretary general, is far from reality. In fact, at the top has its own "parties and groups, who waged a bitter struggle, not only" for power and influence, but also for the different perspectives of development of the country. In this struggle was involved not only the "higher nomenclature, but also all those who are directly in contact with them. First of all, it is related to the "creative elites" - such as the "Soviet science" and "Soviet Art". The level of involvement of the characters in the power game was different, but he was never equal to zero, and sometimes achieves a very impressive quantities. Sakharov, of course, included in this fuzzy, but quite recognizable informal group of Soviet politicians, with the upper echelon. And, of course, the West is also playing in this game. Moreover, the very institution of the "informal policy" was conceived there, and still plays a crucial role.

The fact that the official policy - a very tough area, where allowed by no means all. There are things that public policy simply can not afford to express aloud. But they can make a popular artist, thinker, scientist, artist, religious leader. The demand from them is small - in the end, people just express their opinion. In fact, he "gives signals, creates information about the", "voiced positions", that is engaged in informal political activities. Which sometimes starkly contradicts the official position of the authorities. That sometimes from the stove and allow to fall, and the ass is not hit. A few examples - very, very hypothetical. For example, the U.S. government is interested in how to maintain good relations with China, but encouraged there the separatists. It is clear that to do so openly and cynically impossible. Hence, some part of this policy should be moved to the informal sector. For example, the official party line is love and friendship with Beijing. Hence, support for Tibetan separatism should draw in some other way. Suddenly such a coincidence - in the West broke out fashion for Tibetan Buddhism. Fashion actors attracted to meditation, musicians are beginning to whisper a mantra, the books of the Tibetan school teachers differ in millions of copies. At the same time begin to operate any "society of friendship with the people of Tibet. The Dalai Lama, who fled the Chinese seized Tibet, continuously travels to Western countries to give lectures, which devotes considerable attention to issues of human rights violations in their homeland. "Tibet issue" is continuously budiruetsya - so that the authorities, even if it wanted to, well, can never forget about it. If the interest falls off, the Dalai Lama received the Nobel Peace Prize ...

However, the same things sometimes have to do and in domestic policy. All the extravagant and unpopular, disturbing the public, first there are different kinds of "non-political people," and only then are taken for the cause of the master of legal procedures.

Soviet leaders from time to time, too, was in need of such "ozvuchke. This is mainly concerned those ideas that for various reasons could not be made on his own behalf, but in fact it was very important. This applies both to some of the sensitive internal problems (enough to recall the same story with "poboraniem Lysenko"), and, in particular, issues of foreign policy.

So, we must, finally, to indicate the present role of Andrei Dmitrievich. This Soviet shadow policy, and the high-flying: questions of nuclear safety of the country to anybody do not trust. He really was at "the top floor of the authorities," although in its "informal sector".

Here, perhaps, it makes sense to turn to the ideological legacy of Academician. It is interesting to note that real interest to the numerous writings Sakharov in the liberal media is extremely low if not negative. Of course, before the public all these people shaking volumes of his writings and swear allegiance to the prisoners in these truths. However, nobody reads. The notorious "Sakharov's ideas" turn out to something like "Juche" - know that they are, but nobody really can tell what they are actually.

Yet the idea of Sakharov had. Moreover, they deserve close attention.

It is considered that with the emergence of the famous "Reflections on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom, retiring in samizdat, sugars completely and irrevocably alienated itself from the" Soviet system "because, they say, it uttered a zhutchayshey sedition. But, if still read the text of "Reflections", was surprised to discover that nothing fundamentally unacceptable to the Soviet system, Sakharov there is not preaching. Instead, a set of cliches, platitudes. For example, a fair share of "reflection" is a classic Soviet "struggle for peace", some adapted for Western readers. Also there are present resource and environmental horror stories, at that time advocated an informal organization "Club of Rome. Is there, however, and about freedom of speech - so how did without it.

The main content is "Reflections" is the idea of "convergence of the two systems." This refers to the idea that East and West (primarily the USA and the USSR) should stop the rivalry, which only drains the resources of both parties, and to address the actual convergence. It was assumed that in the future, the difference between capitalism and socialism will come to naught as a result of borrowing for each of the competing models of the most attractive features from its opponent. Subsequently, the text Sakharov repeatedly published in the West - a combined circulation of more than twenty million copies.

But at that time preaching such ideas were objectively beneficial namely the Soviet Union. The Soviet leadership was aware that a major arms race and the country will not stand. This, incidentally, had no relation to the relative merits of capitalism and socialism. Just isolated from the world economy, a country with few and unreliable allies, was objectively weaker than a united West. This is where legs grow Soviet "struggle for peace."

Of course, it was a question of how far you can go in this same struggle. Andrei Dmitrievich simply voiced, how far are ready to get the Soviets, and that they want to get it. If we translate the idea of Sakharov into political bidding, it turns out that's what. Soviet Union in exchange for its acceptance in the "club of developed states is ready to allow major changes of its social and political order. In particular - to democratize, to renounce the use of force in domestic and foreign policy, and closely coordinate all actions with the West. "Socialism" is likely to be retained - in fact, developed in the Soviet economic planning methods may be useful for all others ... And so on. Of course, these ideas were not original. While in the West there was a very influential party supporters of the joint survival of the USSR and the United States at the expense of the rest of the world. Sakharov, in fact, give the signal that the party is: guys, we have heard, here are our terms, let's talk further. The signal was heard: Sakharov received "nobelevku.

It should be emphasized that the demonstrative displeasure upper Sakharov performances also included in the rules of the game: in the Soviet situation, the only way to demonstrate the independence of man from the "bosses" was it something to punish. But chastened Sakharov does not hurt - at least until such time as he did not make serious mistakes.

The situation changed when it became clear that the convergence program failed - not the fault of the Soviet side. The West prevailed hawks who believed that "scoop" weak that it can and should be completely twisted, and win a landslide victory in the Cold War. " These programs were dismantled and sugars as international politics - is unnecessary and even dangerous. Sugars, however, did not want to go into the shadows.

Here, of course, can not do without mentioning Elena Bonner. This woman many consider the "black muse Academica fully submit to his will. Related stories about how she was treated at the slightest disobedience, are well enough known to repeat them here. However, the first impression is deceptive. Sakharov was not a miserable podkabluchnikom. In fact, Bonner, Sakharov was for approximately the same as what was Hillary Clinton to former U.S. president - that is something of a hard trainer, "who drives a child to the record, did not spare him or herself or others. It Bonner breathed new life into Sakharov ambitions. She forced him to go farther and farther. In particular, to abandon science (which sugars like) and become a professional politician. She also instilled in him a man of such magnitude as he can afford a tough confrontation with the Soviet establishment. It is easy to imagine that she spoke with him. "They will not kill you, Andrew, you're too famous, you want them, they will not kill you ... and everything else you can make. But you become leader, a true leader, Andrew!" And when their regime collapses we will be ... ... understand? " Competent authorities monitored the situation, quickly Prochukhan what's what. Accordingly, it was decided to break a dangerous tandem, isolating Sakharov from Bonner. Thereupon followed the notorious reference, scandals, then - hunger strikes, and everything else.

I must say that Sakharov's almost doge. Smart has made an impression on him hospitalized, forced feeding, and everything else. He was confident that with him, with a prominent member of the shadow of nomenclature, would not dare to be treated as ordinary dissident. At one point he was ready to step back and stop samovolnichat - it is really only save face. However, here there appeared Gorbachev, who once again put this figure in a big game. What is a "phenomenon of Gorby, now is probably clear. Came to power those same comrades, who once lobbied for "convergence", and now matured to the idea of an honorable capitulation to the West in exchange for acceptance into the club. True, the issue price during the past period risen enormously - as sugars, by the way, did not know.

Early Program "convergence" was as follows: The Soviet Union and its allies have taken to the club of developed countries "on an equal footing, have access to their financial resources, markets and technologies, its socio-economic system is transformed to srednepriemlemogo level, after which the" strong club countries "begins peacefully manage the planet. At the time of Gorbachev West launched its extremely harsh conditions.

First, the Soviet Union should be abolished: "the West" promised to take only the Baltic, Russia (including Ukraine and Belorussia), and perhaps Georgia. From the other was ordered to get rid of. I well imagine how Western politicians interpreted "Gorby friend:" You have to understand, finally, that neither we nor you can never do Westerners Tajiks and Uzbeks. This is another civilization. West is West, East is East. We are ready Finally, recognize Russia a western country - but only her. Get rid of this Asian goods, and we recognize you with ... " Secondly, the social system of the new Russia was supposed to be a purely western, and not the "convergent". And, finally, Russia had to abandon an independent foreign policy, in exchange for the inclusion of time in creating the structure of "collective responsibility".


We already know how the West has deceived the Soviet leadership. But then, inspired by Gorby was on horseback. Of course, he remembered the figures who have played its predecessors. Academician was summoned to Moscow to finally do this great policy.

Here we come to the most subtle and difficult time in this whole tangled history, namely the relations of Sakharov and Soviet dissident movement. Canonical Myth of Institutional states that sugar quickly became the "spiritual leader" of the liberal movement, and his authority in it, is undeniable. In the circle of their own, they tell others. In fact, Sakharov was a "figure" is mainly due to its vast international relations. Inside dissidents Akademik perceived as "good companion," which, of course, must be used, but which should not be trusted. Especially it is clearly evident is in this last period of his activity, when the threshold is close wins fight between former comrades reached no laughing glow.

Here is a quote from the memoirs of the same Sergei Adamovich Kovalev, who sometimes give away for the fun. "... The highest authority of the AD has not prevented a sharp (and often unfair) criticism from some of his fellow human rights activists in 1987-1989. Then, on returning from Gorky exile, he began to cooperate actively in a number of issues with the new leadership ... the guardians of the purity of dissident Reese was not interested - they are deeply shocked by the mere fact of cooperation with the communist government. How they thought it meant the surrender of positions ... And when the AD has agreed to run for the deputies of the USSR, there were people which directly accused him of apostasy and betrayal of ideals. Why, because the Soviet regime - is illegitimate, the elections - undemocratic and, in general, all of Gorbachev's perestroika - a humble attempt to disguise the antihuman essence of the regime. And his academic misdealing Gorbachev helped mislead people . hung in the air, the word "perfidy.

But no less interesting recognition of Gleb Pavlovsky, a man of very informed: "... the dissidents to be included in the process and to keep pace with the train, were ready for anything. And yet they lingered, all dissent is driven into the Soviet collective farm named after Sakharov .. . Andrei Dmitrievich identified the living symbol of the movement, though in reality he was just one of 10-15 people, who stood in the front row of the movement. The same Anatoly Marchenko, whose death prompted Gorbachev to speed up the amnesty of political prisoners, was no less authoritative in the Movement . But now it was not, Amalrik was dead, Solzhenitsyn was late, Zinoviev went into deaf denial ... The groups were invited to settle in this Potemkin village public, recognize Ogonyok heir to the traditions of the human rights movement. "

In general, if we say without equivocation, Sakharov was appointed the country's main opposition leader. The initiative came from Gorbachev, and the opposition, pokochevryazhivshis, this appointment was approved. Pushed as a "statement" from the opposition, most likely, a tireless Elena Bonner, who can vouch to the associates that Academician, when necessary, immediately got out of control party players and will be on the right side. And, finally, with a third party, the nomination was approved by the West.

Was Sakharov most likely candidate for future President of Russia? Undoubtedly. It is understood everything, including, of course, himself. He even began to practice in the writing of constitutions, amounting to per se for a hypothetical "Union of Republics of Europe and Asia" (as in his opinion, should have known what was left of the USSR). Now this curious document prefer not to remember, at best, calling it a "utopian". On the other hand, this kind of literary experience is quite natural for an intelligent person, try on the role of national leader, in an Russia Vaclav Havel ...

Sakharov's death broke all these plans. But the skin of a dead lion, and finds application. Shape Academy proved to be extremely convenient for the legitimization and canonization of the "democratic ideology."

Undertake this work is the same tireless Elena Bonner, who was not anxious to be outside the political process. Having experience "playing coach" pretender to the highest authority in the country, she was quite ready to take up the same, but only for the whole "Dictablanda" in general. Accordingly, he began to unfold "Sakharov project, and creates a cohesive, coherent ideology based on" human rights ideas, "is predicated on the name of the late Academician.

Further, we all know. It is now possible to state that "demshiza" as a relatively uniform layer is not able to keep power in their hands, but until recently had considerable resources to exert pressure on government, and society. Elena Bonner participated in all of this is actively involved. Her last role to date is the active participation in the "Protection of NTV. But, rest assured, it will show itself more.

Now, finally, the last. What, in fact, is defended by Bonner's position?

Of course, from the real "Sakharov's ideas, it is very far - simply because time has changed. Already it is clear that the West threw, as kids, lohovatyh Soviet "convergents" with their "new thinking". The disintegration of the Union and delivery of all items brought to the West, and how that was supposed to be, not to the coveted acceptance into the club of developed countries and to the commonplace, and oust the plundering of the third world. Current spiritual descendants of the "convergents" dream is not the place in the World Politburo (where he saw himself Academician), while the wretched and the miserable role of the colonial administration. All reduced to a banal smerdyakovschine, to dream about how "clever nation would have conquered a very stupid, sir." All dreams end on the blue and gray tanks UN armored vehicles of NATO, which finally would have put in this damned country, where they have such clever, nothing happened, they needed the procedure. But, alas, the West has been slow, and even with the financing of the radical Westernising wing's intelligentsia started having problems.

At the recent celebration of the birth of Sakharov - among other things, it was eighty years - the hall was half empty. Prominent politicians came only Kovalev and Yushenkov, which has nothing to lose, but still Grigory Yavlinsky. Very Yelena Bonner do not even entered the scene, not to shed the remnants of dignity. As expressed Ostap Bender, a crisis of genre. The idea of a completely exhausted. What is the morality of Sakharov's epic? It is banal. It all started with the fact that in Soviet politics appeared during suggesting that the geopolitical adversary can and should agree at the cost of such a trifle as the principles. Then he wrung his opponent price, demanding retribution all sorts of material things, including territory, resources, and other very tangible property. But the Soviet Lochy, imagining themselves "Machiavelli and Talleyrand, has been involved in bargaining, cherished goal beckoning and blinded eyes. Place in the civilized world beckoned as the kingdom of heaven is like a precious pearl, for which is not sorry to give up all. In the end, sacrificing everything they have learned that the word given lohu, for the word is not considered, and that in the Western kingdom of heaven will not take.