Leonard, called me and asked to apologize, it blocked the site! But I hope everyone knows Leo, who collects Eastern art! Why would transfer - Happy New Year! Health, happiness + success and love!
I was joking, this is outrageous, although Russia is not really a developed system of sales, as for example in London.
This is from my collection
Vayroshana Dynasty Kean 18-th century height 35cm
Note the very good work-hands, substituting, and so on.
These articles need to pay attention to proportion, face, hands and decor items.
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Church of the terrible poison, the patron Choyzhin Lama of Tibet. He was an influential figure, yummy Buddhists Inner and Outer Mongolia, and Buryatia in Manzhurii to fight the "red danger". It was he who in the twenties, will proclaim: "Every Buddhist must be an enemy of communism."
Church of the Poison, (5. See diagram) is apart from the others, surrounded on all sides by a brick wall. This is the temple of "secret tantra, temple worship closed for the clergy, which prevents ordinary believers.
In the center of the temple-gilded bronze statue of one of the 84 Indian magicians, sorcerers Duvchinnagvazhadov. In the window on the right-bronze statues of the Kalachakra tantric deities, Mahakala, Vazhradara and others with shakti, including performance skill, live a kind of resilience and grace of composition released Sita sambar famous Mongolian sculptor, unsurpassed master Zanabazar (1635-1724).
Although as a spiritual person, Zanabazar followed the canons of Buddhist iconography, but he managed to breathe life into their works, to overcome the arbitrariness petrified canon and created a Mongolian school of Buddhist art.
In the left window we can see the work of a talented master Suren - wood carving depicting Begze-Darmapala. At tables Ritual - religious items, made in the late XIX beginning of XX centuries
I have a friend that's such a thing, it would be interesting to know the time, etc. about 22cm. height.
In my opinion this late copy, the work is not accurate.
But first of all District, that is broken.
For the collector is not interesting (not the word ).
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I have a friend that's such a thing, it would be interesting to know the time, etc. about 22cm. height
The work is interesting, but the photo is difficult to determine the period, one must keep in rukah.Budite in Moscow, go to the Museum of the East, there are specialists in ceramics.
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Unique work of the old Chinese masters ..
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Rare traveler who happened to be in China, avoid the temptation to bring home beautiful scroll or fanciful calligraphy, jade statuette or china vase. Or some old coins in the form of exotic knives and hoes, which were paid in the middle of the state for two thousand years ago. In general, what would be like him about the beauty of China.
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However, the sophisticated lover of old, wandering in a maze of dull shops in Beijing or Guangzhou, studying the collapse of the old junk and souvenir crafts at flea markets of big cities and all the forgotten villages, can find many interesting items of antiquity, if not able to decorate the museum collection, the small home collection of antiquities, collected for the soul.
To provide a variety of Chinese antiques and art objects, it is enough to be in Beijing on the weekend at the famous flea market - a 20 minute drive from the embassy quarter.
The huge space is filled with hundreds of crudely constructed buildings, crowded with antique furniture and porcelain, hung with dozens and hundreds of paintings and calligraphy scrolls littered with dusty piles of books. At the open air, on mats and rugs, are deposits of coins and jewelry, buyers are offered the Tibetan icon-tanks, and fragments of stone Buddhist sculptures, unattractive, but it is really ancient porcelain objects, amulets, incense and dark things, whose purpose and identity is for the traveler who is interested in antiques, unclear.
At a Beijing flea market, in full view, see the whole range of Chinese antiques market, open tourist. Immediately make a reservation, that in China, as formerly in the USSR, clearly separated the free and black market. Travelers were not intended to establish trade relations with Chinese black-market dealers, we do not recommend joining with experts on antiques in very close contact and ask about that is not exposed on the counter. It is better to be content with that put up for public display. Otherwise there may be very serious, and quite regular trouble with the Chinese police and customs - most dealers serious antiques, are both informants and law enforcement.
So, before the traveler a great choice "gudun" - "antique sorts of things." What you should pay attention to?
Highest achievement of Chinese art, certainly, is painting. But here we have to disappoint the lover of antiquity - now in China to find a good old roll is practically impossible. And there were several reasons. First, China has banned the export of antiques - in the first place, paintings, bronzes and antique porcelain. Therefore, open trade in these items is discouraged. Secondly, the political upheavals of XX century and the terrible "Cultural Revolution" played a fatal role - the vast majority of the scrolls, which were not taken out of the country and were not included in the state assembly, were destroyed. In Beijing, the probability of discovery of scrolls or album sheet, even of the XIX century is very low, in Shanghai and Guangzhou them occasionally to be found - sometimes a very high quality - in special antique shops, at prices greatly inflated in relation to European.
In the province of the same scrolls of the XIX century can be purchased on the occasion of 10-15 dollars. We know of a case in the city of Xi'an was bought by the roll before last century with the image of bamboo hundred yuan - about $ 12. Find an earlier painting, no need to resort to the black market, is difficult.
Modern Chinese paintings and rarely can please a connoisseur. Modern painting in the style of "mountain-water", with rare exceptions, has little in common with the works of even a hundred years ago, and find in them a shadow brush, Wang Wei, Guo Xi or Shi Tao - labor in vain. In all major cities of the modern landscape scrolls can be found in large numbers, but the heaviest concentration is really not bad things have advanced to the small town of Yangshuo in southern China, one of the centers' laovayskogo - European, American and Australian tourism. At the same time is one of the most beautiful places in the South.
Painting in the style of "flowers and birds, perhaps more popular than the landscape, and less far from the old samples. Sheets with pictures of flowers is very advantageous for interior design and are inexpensive - $ 3-5. Scrolls both styles are about 10-15 dollars, but the price depends on size.
Unlike artists, contemporary Chinese calligraphers did not lose connection with the tradition, and difficulty in finding the old days of calligraphy can sometimes compensate for the exceptional quality of contemporary works. Good calligraphy can be found throughout China, but the most famous masters of the scrolls are always found in a Beijing high-rise shop "Friendship". It is located right in front of the Legation Quarter. On the top floor of the traveler is given a wide choice of modern first-class works of the museum level. But the prices here are consistent with quality - the scroll can cost anywhere from 500 to 1000 dollars.
Around the Imperial Palace to crowd many shops master calligraphers. With some luck a chance to find a $ 20-25 a perfect roll, nothing rivals the scrolls hanging in the "Friendship". The most original performance of two different characters: moons - "Dragon" and xy - "Tiger". If you meet in a normal shop interesting calligraphy, it is likely that you caught one of these characters.
It is interesting to note one unfortunate feature of modern calligraphy: sometimes the master decorate really good calligraphic scrolls for the needs of the public with sparkles of gold paint, which, in our opinion, spoils the impression of the scroll.
Furthermore, China is famous for painting blue and white porcelain. Twenty years ago, before a European, living in China, were discovered fantastic collection of excellent Ming and early Qing porcelain. "Cultural Revolution" led to what the people have ceased to value these items, they could buy for a pittance. Now, of course, the situation is different. Good old china hardly appears in public sale, but the mediocre and even the Qing Ming items found relatively easily even at a Beijing flea market. As an interior decoration may be of interest and modern porcelain, especially tszindechzhenskih workshops, but it is valued highly enough.
The famous bronze Zhou era on the market does not occur, Tang and Sung simulation also purchase unrealistic. If a naive traveler openly offer items of this style, you can be absolutely sure that they try to palm off fake. The price certainly be "transcendental", for such money is better to buy real object in London.
Ancient jade is also unlikely to meet the market, but with some luck statues XVI-XVII centuries, though mediocre work, can be found. Jade objects XIX century on the market a great variety, with the distinguished work of the XIX century from contemporary crafts at times extremely difficult. Therefore, choosing the jade figurine or a vessel, it is better based solely on aesthetic criteria than navigate to the antiquity of things. It is worth noting that the more you find yourself from the tourist centers, the more likely to buy jade objects hundred-three hundred years ago. But, again, of average quality. The prices of these items can range from $ 10-15 to a very substantial amounts, depending on the size of things and fine workmanship.
Very interesting material, which can be found in China, although not purely Chinese origin - it Lamaist ritual objects: icons, figurines, ritual vessels and weapons. Those who go directly to Tibet, we hasten to protect it from the empty promise: in Tibet to find antiques almost unreal. In Tibet, Chinese police very strictly monitors the foreigners. They were to travel from one area of Tibet in the other, you need a lot of money to buy official permission. Under the "hood" and the Tibetans-sellers. Market Authority may please the collector only modern copies of ritual knives, ivory figurines of early XX century, but the Tibetan coins of the same time. By the way, the prices are very high.
And here in Beijing at the market caught a very interesting icon-tanks, but they are not older than the end of XIX century and the price is well in London. In this case the traveler in danger to take a modern, artfully aged woodcut painting for at least a hundred years ago.
The most interesting findings of Tibetan objects can be done in the Chinese provinces bordering Tibet. For example, in the city of Chengdu in Sichuan Province in a small market near a central hotel may be purchased the old tanks at a price no higher than 10 dollars. Among the surprises antique market in China can be attributed to the discovery of souvenir market in Guangzhou small shop, literally strewn temple icons XVII-XIX century, excellent work. In addition to the three or four hundred icons there is a very rare icons on wood and fragments of manuscripts with miniatures. Price icon fluctuated around 50 dollars. Unfortunately, such findings still atypical for the Chinese market is fairly predictable.
Ancient Chinese coins can be found at any flea market. Ordinary Han coins in five shu, dating from the first years of our era, are the handful of traders and stalls cost about a dollar. Ch'ing coins are sold individually and whole bunches and are purely symbolic amount. But if a collector wants to buy truly rare specimen, such as a coin or a coin-hack-knife in his hands likely will be a fake, sometimes clever, but often extremely coarse.
The fact that the ancient Chinese coins are not minted, and the mold, so they are not accompanied by a fake technical difficulties. Sostarivanie same metal for the masters - is simple enough. Buying coins unusual shape, you can be sure that in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred they will be forged.
For the lover of antiquity may be of interest large coin-amulets with bizarre images. The authenticity of many amulets as questionable, but there is hope that fall to the original designs and XIX - early XX century. Such amulets usually have images of dragons, gods of the national pantheon, and sometimes funny sex scenes. Instead of coin legends of good wishes written on them.
To purchase other collectibles - stamps, badges, medals - China is not the "correct" place. Chinese material is exported in large quantities and exported from Russia, so buying in China, badges or marks on the considerable cost, a Russian collector at risk to buy something, recently left his native town.
For collectors of ancient books China - one of the most desperate places on the planet. The famous "feat" Qin Shi Huang, annihilated in the IV century BC all the books, not bringing direct benefit to the State, was repeated in the era of "cultural revolution" against the Chinese early printed books. Now, not only in large cities, but even in the province of hard to find books printed before 1911, unless they are devoted to medicine or magic.
However, in Guangzhou a few years ago, the market sold several dozen volumes of the XIX century on the Taoist amulets and magical characters, and at the same price for one that did not exceed 1-2 dollars. But what about the old editions of philosophical or religious literature, they almost nenahodimy.
If we talk about the dangers lover of antiques in China, it is an incredible number of fakes. A fake antiques are made in China already and a half thousand years, and many of these forgeries themselves had become a highly valued antiques. But the fakes, which are now found on the antiques market in China - the modern origin. First of all, coins, bronzes, and, to a lesser extent, porcelain and jade. Speaking of fake, we mean "tourist" counterfeits, made for foreigners, sometimes very high quality, and do not touch on those falsehoods, which are found on the black antique market.
The second danger area is the interaction between the traveler with sellers. First of all, we recommend that: in any case does not show the seller that in front of him a collector, a connoisseur. It is dangerous to ask the seller to find a specific subject, especially if its price is very high and the export is prohibited. It is best to seem a simple tourist, to buy souvenirs and did not understand his art and antiquities. This does not arouse suspicion from the seller and avoid the potential for trouble at customs.
If we managed to find really interesting thing, this "tourist" position will not cause a trader wishes to raise the price. In antique shops and flea markets to haggle fiercely accepted - within a few minutes the price may fall not only half, but ten times. However, this does not apply in those cases where the seller knows that the traveler does not sell modern crafts, and real antiques.
And, finally, the final stage of antique adventure in China - is going through Customs. By law, the country can not remove items older than 50 years, and that Chinese laws do not differ from the Russian. Nevertheless, some low-value items XVII-XVIII century officially sold in state stores, such as the Beijing Friendship, and their removal if the certificate from the store is permitted.
However, among these items are rarely good at finding something raduyuschee eye, and prices are higher in Europe. Removal of old coins officially banned, but a few pieces of custom smoril "blind eye", although to advertise their passage is not necessary. Serious antiques we advise travelers not to remove, because in the case of detention may have big trouble. Chinese laws to the smugglers of antiques extremely strict. So, when Sian was excavated the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, and found his famous "clay army, have been documented cases of illegal export abroad fragments of statues from the tomb, especially in Hong Kong. Then, in the form of "retaliation" was introduced the death penalty for smugglers of Chinese antiques.
If a lover of antiquity still decided to bring a souvenir from China some nice antique knick - a small porcelain vase, jade statue or icon of Tibet, we recommend that in any case not specifically object to hide. It is important that in the event of its location at the customs officers did not raise suspicions that tourist walked at a deliberate smuggling. Any thing sold openly, can be bought as a souvenir, and therefore in case of questions at customs natural reaction is to answer that tourists are not necessarily experts in the field of antiques. Of course, such a reaction is natural only if the item was not deliberately hidden. Subject to confiscation in this case may be, and can not be avoided, but the problems at this end for the traveler.
But do not worry. Even modern calligraphic scroll, bought in a store near the Imperial Palace, will be pleasing to the eye among the relatives of aspen, recalling Taoist wisdom: "the true beauty of unpretentious, real power - is hidden."
Source:
"Antiques, art and collectibles" № 3, 2002
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Interesting vase.
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Decorative vase.
China. The end of XIX century. Faience, painting. Height 90 cm, diameter 34 cm vase decorated with painted flowers, birds, dragons, snakes. Handles small as dragons, stucco decorations ...
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An abbreviated translation of an article Dr. Christian Jorg, a professor of the University of Leiden
(05 May 2009)
Cargo from sunken off the coast of the peninsula Ka Mao ship was raised in 1998 /9 years. Vietnamese companies off the coast of southern Vietnam after the two fishermen accidentally lifted networks products from china early Qing. Large-scale marine archaeological expedition has gathered a lot of unique information. It became apparent that China junk size 23 to 8 meters heading south-east, when kindled a fire and the ship sank. Porcelain was a major burden. Some items may have four or six characteristic markings of the Ch'ing emperor Yongzhi, who ruled between 1723 and 1735 years.
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Now most of the finds are stored in museums of Vietnam. A small portion was secretly sold to the local market, with the remainder provided by virtually all types and varieties of finds from the wreck is realized at Sotheby's in Amsterdam on behalf of the Government of Viet Nam. All lots were sold.
The observed products constitute a single set, so if you determine the exact dating of at least one subject, can be dated and the entire cargo. The nature of the porcelain cargo allows us to establish that the ship sailed during the reign of Yongzhi.
It is remarkable that all of the additional findings, such as printing or bronze objects indicates that the crew consisted of Asians, not Europeans. Transportation of Chinese porcelain in the era Yunchzhenya carried out for the most part exclusively by Chinese merchants, ships, junks that plied to the Philippines, the Indonesian archipelago and the coasts of Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. Today Jakarta (Batavia), located on the island of Java, has been an important market and distribution center porcelain. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) had its administrative and sales offices in this city that attracted here, trade with the whole of Asia. Batavia served partly fulcrum for further inter-Asian trade and point of departure of ships returning to the Netherlands. Here, porcelain or transported to Holland and others supplied with ships markets, such as the Islamic markets in India, Indonesia and Iran, or become part of the cargo destined for Europe. Contrary to popular belief, VOC has not participated in trade with china and Europe in the first quarter of the eighteenth century.
Vast quantities of porcelain, necessary to meet the huge demand for it since it came into vogue in Europe, shipped from southern China to Batavia Chinese junks. From time to time the Dutch and other Europeans have privately to join the Chinese crew, but certainly none of the ships of the Danish East India Company never sailed to China in the early eighteenth century to buy porcelain in Canton or Amoy. It is much more convenient it was to make an order for variety of goods, even in china, with a particular pattern in the master-Chinese, trust him with the transfer order in porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen, and wait for things to be taken to Batavia. The entire risk in the process fell on the Chinese side, the Dutch did not pay transportation costs and competition kept prices low. VOC resumed trade with china only in 1729 g, when the ships company started to run directly from the Netherlands to Canton and back, a terrible way undermining the trade ships, junks from Batavia.
How do we know that the ship which sunk in Ca Mao, was heading to Batavia, and that most of the cargo destined for the Netherlands? One of the surprising findings in the ship is a set of dishes of different sizes, painted blue paint and covered the top glaze, which depicts the landscapes of western style. We see the hilly terrain in the background, fences, tree, two people walking in hats and another with a cow on a rope. In the background - a square building on the hill, the tower of the church, the roofs of houses, and in the center - the sailing ship. Clouds odd shape with curved contours are floating in the sky. Flat bezel painted a blue with wavy trim around the edge. Drawing, known as the "Scheveningen pattern" in honor of the same name of the coastal village near The Hague in the Netherlands, shows the sand dunes, a lighthouse, warning approaching ships, the very village and ships sailing in the harbor. The presence of these dishes on a ship with a Ka Mao suggests that these dishes, as most of the porcelain cargo sent to Batavia. After all, only the Dutch valued these specific items, chine de commande (porcelain on request).
The latest evidence of links with Holland and, therefore, that the ship with a Ka Mao followed in Batavia, is the high beer mugs with handles, painted blue paint with so-called "lambrequins" edge around the legs and neck. Shape and pattern of these beer mugs are based on Dutch Delft style, with "lambrequins" pattern, taken from a Chinese motif ri-yu (cloud).
The load, thus heading to Batavia, but not all the china was to be transferred to the Netherlands. Smaller parties were obviously intended for other markets. Stands for brushes, spoons and dishes with lead glazes and impressive figure, incense incense, vases, and possibly items decorated with blue and copper-red and glazed likely destined for the communities of Chinese expatriates in Batavia, or anywhere else in the east . Charming figures of people, animals and boats could be sold anywhere.
Finds from Ka Mao pose intriguing questions about the development of style. Part of the cargo looks exactly as it should have looked porcelain in the era Yunchzhenya. Tea sets, for example, decorated with delicate and detailed drawings of the pavilion with a fence and a pitcher of flowering plants on the terrace, originally painted with blue paint and enamel, lacquer.
Other tea sets with a typical age Yunchzhenya pattern depicts a landscape with willow and a boy riding a buffalo in blue under the glaze (loty366 - 378). These sets consist of cups and saucers, tea-caddies, tea cups and milkmen with relevant saucers under them (pattipany). Some cups have handles on the grounds caddy - embossed curved pattern. Several other types of cups and saucers not included in the set, decorated with a pattern depicting landscapes or river scene with buildings or people involved in various activities. Other cups and saucers depict episodes from the enormously popular courtly romance.
"Western quarters, as well as the stage on the motives of immortality. These curly scene almost completely cover the surface of dishes, and the edge is a thin bezel. Some dishes and plates period Yunchzhenya decorated with a pattern of flowering plants around the stone or fence, or a bird on a rock located in the center, in conjunction with the rim of the splendid stretch of flowers and flowering branches.
Many items, however, have a painting called "typical painting Kangsi". One, for example, depicts the hem of the lotus, or walking along the bottom of the strip in the form of garnet, filled with flowers. Another fringe consists of individual small parts in tight geometric patterns. Drawing in the middle of another object in the style Kangsi located around a central circle with luminous inserts in the center and /or on the sides. Many variants of such patterns with insertions characteristic of the era Kangsi present in Georgia with a Ka Mao. This is a typical characteristic of dishes era Kangsi approximately 1700 is the manner of painting underglaze cobalt, which is not applied in a thin layer, but the parallel lines in order to fill the contours. (For example, it can be seen in the patterns of flowers on the little boxes with lids or some tea cups).
Another riddle presented dishes with a pattern resembling the china kraak first half of the 17 century. In the center - the pattern in the shape of a star with flowering plants, surrounded by semicircles with geometric pattern, and the edges are divided into broad and narrow sections, filled with colors and symbols. It is assumed that once very popular in the Netherlands, drawing kraak experienced a brief revival around 1700, but was soon superseded by other types of designs. The same can be said about the motives of poultry in a haystack on cups and saucers. This figure shows the house and buildings on either side, on which the bird knot nest. Flowering plant weaves on construction, rim is a patchwork of interconnected leaves. Such things have always been recognized as the earliest and most typical examples of porcelain in order for the Dutch market and dated to the early period of the XVIII century.
Moreover, the entire group of subjects consisting of bowls, incense and jars decorated with blue podglazuryu copper-red paint with pine trees, flowering plums and landscapes associated generally with the production in the era of Kangsi, as well as bowls, covered with green and yellow glaze called "egg and spinach. Figures, sprinklers water and receptacles for incense in the form of animals covered by enamel on the surface without glaze, has traditionally had a strong connection with the age Kangsi.
How can we explain such a difference in styles? The stylistic characteristics of the goods in strict conformity with the style of the era Yunchzhenya. At the same time, another part of the cargo would like to date the later period Kangsi 1700 - 20 years. It looks like, the ship sailed after 1723, when Yongzhi succeeded Kangsi.
Some of the things in the style Kangsi too big to be random - they occupy almost half of the cargo. This gives us the two versions of events, both of which can not be proven due to lack of documentation.
The first option is to assume that the goods Ka Mao partly consisted of the remnants of what remained traders porcelain in southern China for ten or twenty years. It is hardly possible, since it is not consistent with normal procedures, trade with china. In the west was a huge demand for porcelain, the competition was fierce, so that any remnants of special orders would have been sold to third parties immediately.
Another assumption is that you can make here concerns the organization of trade with china. Tszindenchzhen for centuries was the center of porcelain production consisted of hundreds if not thousands, of small private workshops, which produced and painting porcelain. The most advanced of these workshops were those who produced porcelain for the imperial court, and that this was a standard of quality, shape and pattern for smaller shops. Workshops that produced porcelain for export, had to work so that the product looked attractive to foreign customers. They often do special things in order and do not produce goods for the local market. It appears that there was an extreme specialization, when a studio has done just kettles for export, while another - cups and saucers. The paintings used in the workshops, which was produced porcelain, or in special workshops, where he signs, and subject specialization. Production of these workshops were baked in large ovens, a place for which purchased from the owners. Producers and hosts are not distributing the final product themselves, but to use licensed brokers who make deals with Chinese merchants, distribute orders. One can assume that, being small and specialized, produce an exportable goods shops were not the first followers of fashion trends in prettification porcelain, which put forward a large and important factory. Quite possibly, they continued to work as they have worked for years, only gradually getting used to new ideas and new themes in the paintings only when their products are already on the present outdated and caused complaints of merchants and brokers. This explains the different styles in the decoration of the goods from the Ka Mao: some things were done workshops have already switched to new models of the era Yunchzhenya and some - the shops, going to work a late Kangsi.
You can make the assumption that within the next couple of years difference between the two styles leveled in the field of export prevailed new trendy style, replacing the traditional paintings and designs epoch Kangsi. If so, then the fact that the goods with Ra Mao has such different sets of items loaded and transported together, could indicate that all of these things were made in an earlier era Yunchzhenya, say, around 1725, so prev load later period would be less diverse. Summing up, we can say that the goods with Ka Mao gave us a great variety of beautiful things for different markets.
Последний раз редактировалось Евгений; 07.01.2010 в 19:25.
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Rare traveler who happened to be in China, avoid the temptation to bring home beautiful scroll or fanciful calligraphy, jade statuette or china vase. Or some old coins in the form of exotic knives and hoes, which were paid in the middle of the state for two thousand years ago. In general, what would be like him about the beauty of China.
Читать дальше...
However, the sophisticated lover of old, wandering in a maze of dull shops in Beijing or Guangzhou, studying the collapse of the old junk and souvenir crafts at flea markets of big cities and all the forgotten villages, can find many interesting items of antiquity, if not able to decorate the museum collection, the small home collection of antiquities, collected for the soul.
To provide a variety of Chinese antiques and art objects, it is enough to be in Beijing on the weekend at the famous flea market - a 20 minute drive from the embassy quarter.
The huge space is filled with hundreds of crudely constructed buildings, crowded with antique furniture and porcelain, hung with dozens and hundreds of paintings and calligraphy scrolls littered with dusty piles of books. At the open air, on mats and rugs, are deposits of coins and jewelry, buyers are offered the Tibetan icon-tanks, and fragments of stone Buddhist sculptures, unattractive, but it is really ancient porcelain objects, amulets, incense and dark things, whose purpose and identity is for the traveler who is interested in antiques, unclear.
At a Beijing flea market, in full view, see the whole range of Chinese antiques market, open tourist. Immediately make a reservation, that in China, as formerly in the USSR, clearly separated the free and black market. Travelers were not intended to establish trade relations with Chinese black-market dealers, we do not recommend joining with experts on antiques in very close contact and ask about that is not exposed on the counter. It is better to be content with that put up for public display. Otherwise there may be very serious, and quite regular trouble with the Chinese police and customs - most dealers serious antiques, are both informants and law enforcement.
So, before the traveler a great choice "gudun" - "antique sorts of things." What you should pay attention to?
Highest achievement of Chinese art, certainly, is painting. But here we have to disappoint the lover of antiquity - now in China to find a good old roll is practically impossible. And there were several reasons. First, China has banned the export of antiques - in the first place, paintings, bronzes and antique porcelain. Therefore, open trade in these items is discouraged. Secondly, the political upheavals of XX century and the terrible "Cultural Revolution" played a fatal role - the vast majority of the scrolls, which were not taken out of the country and were not included in the state assembly, were destroyed. In Beijing, the probability of discovery of scrolls or album sheet, even of the XIX century is very low, in Shanghai and Guangzhou them occasionally to be found - sometimes a very high quality - in special antique shops, at prices greatly inflated in relation to European.
In the province of the same scrolls of the XIX century can be purchased on the occasion of 10-15 dollars. We know of a case in the city of Xi'an was bought by the roll before last century with the image of bamboo hundred yuan - about $ 12. Find an earlier painting, no need to resort to the black market, is difficult.
Modern Chinese paintings and rarely can please a connoisseur. Modern painting in the style of "mountain-water", with rare exceptions, has little in common with the works of even a hundred years ago, and find in them a shadow brush, Wang Wei, Guo Xi or Shi Tao - labor in vain. In all major cities of the modern landscape scrolls can be found in large numbers, but the heaviest concentration is really not bad things have advanced to the small town of Yangshuo in southern China, one of the centers' laovayskogo - European, American and Australian tourism. At the same time is one of the most beautiful places in the South.
Painting in the style of "flowers and birds, perhaps more popular than the landscape, and less far from the old samples. Sheets with pictures of flowers is very advantageous for interior design and are inexpensive - $ 3-5. Scrolls both styles are about 10-15 dollars, but the price depends on size.
Unlike artists, contemporary Chinese calligraphers did not lose connection with the tradition, and difficulty in finding the old days of calligraphy can sometimes compensate for the exceptional quality of contemporary works. Good calligraphy can be found throughout China, but the most famous masters of the scrolls are always found in a Beijing high-rise shop "Friendship". It is located right in front of the Legation Quarter. On the top floor of the traveler is given a wide choice of modern first-class works of the museum level. But the prices here are consistent with quality - the scroll can cost anywhere from 500 to 1000 dollars.
Around the Imperial Palace to crowd many shops master calligraphers. With some luck a chance to find a $ 20-25 a perfect roll, nothing rivals the scrolls hanging in the "Friendship". The most original performance of two different characters: moons - "Dragon" and xy - "Tiger". If you meet in a normal shop interesting calligraphy, it is likely that you caught one of these characters.
It is interesting to note one unfortunate feature of modern calligraphy: sometimes the master decorate really good calligraphic scrolls for the needs of the public with sparkles of gold paint, which, in our opinion, spoils the impression of the scroll.
Furthermore, China is famous for painting blue and white porcelain. Twenty years ago, before a European, living in China, were discovered fantastic collection of excellent Ming and early Qing porcelain. "Cultural Revolution" led to what the people have ceased to value these items, they could buy for a pittance. Now, of course, the situation is different. Good old china hardly appears in public sale, but the mediocre and even the Qing Ming items found relatively easily even at a Beijing flea market. As an interior decoration may be of interest and modern porcelain, especially tszindechzhenskih workshops, but it is valued highly enough.
The famous bronze Zhou era on the market does not occur, Tang and Sung simulation also purchase unrealistic. If a naive traveler openly offer items of this style, you can be absolutely sure that they try to palm off fake. The price certainly be "transcendental", for such money is better to buy real object in London.
Ancient jade is also unlikely to meet the market, but with some luck statues XVI-XVII centuries, though mediocre work, can be found. Jade objects XIX century on the market a great variety, with the distinguished work of the XIX century from contemporary crafts at times extremely difficult. Therefore, choosing the jade figurine or a vessel, it is better based solely on aesthetic criteria than navigate to the antiquity of things. It is worth noting that the more you find yourself from the tourist centers, the more likely to buy jade objects hundred-three hundred years ago. But, again, of average quality. The prices of these items can range from $ 10-15 to a very substantial amounts, depending on the size of things and fine workmanship.
Very interesting material, which can be found in China, although not purely Chinese origin - it Lamaist ritual objects: icons, figurines, ritual vessels and weapons. Those who go directly to Tibet, we hasten to protect it from the empty promise: in Tibet to find antiques almost unreal. In Tibet, Chinese police very strictly monitors the foreigners. They were to travel from one area of Tibet in the other, you need a lot of money to buy official permission. Under the "hood" and the Tibetans-sellers. Market Authority may please the collector only modern copies of ritual knives, ivory figurines of early XX century, but the Tibetan coins of the same time. By the way, the prices are very high.
And here in Beijing at the market caught a very interesting icon-tanks, but they are not older than the end of XIX century and the price is well in London. In this case the traveler in danger to take a modern, artfully aged woodcut painting for at least a hundred years ago.
The most interesting findings of Tibetan objects can be done in the Chinese provinces bordering Tibet. For example, in the city of Chengdu in Sichuan Province in a small market near a central hotel may be purchased the old tanks at a price no higher than 10 dollars. Among the surprises antique market in China can be attributed to the discovery of souvenir market in Guangzhou small shop, literally strewn temple icons XVII-XIX century, excellent work. In addition to the three or four hundred icons there is a very rare icons on wood and fragments of manuscripts with miniatures. Price icon fluctuated around 50 dollars. Unfortunately, such findings still atypical for the Chinese market is fairly predictable.
Ancient Chinese coins can be found at any flea market. Ordinary Han coins in five shu, dating from the first years of our era, are the handful of traders and stalls cost about a dollar. Ch'ing coins are sold individually and whole bunches and are purely symbolic amount. But if a collector wants to buy truly rare specimen, such as a coin or a coin-hack-knife in his hands likely will be a fake, sometimes clever, but often extremely coarse.
The fact that the ancient Chinese coins are not minted, and the mold, so they are not accompanied by a fake technical difficulties. Sostarivanie same metal for the masters - is simple enough. Buying coins unusual shape, you can be sure that in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred they will be forged.
For the lover of antiquity may be of interest large coin-amulets with bizarre images. The authenticity of many amulets as questionable, but there is hope that fall to the original designs and XIX - early XX century. Such amulets usually have images of dragons, gods of the national pantheon, and sometimes funny sex scenes. Instead of coin legends of good wishes written on them.
To purchase other collectibles - stamps, badges, medals - China is not the "correct" place. Chinese material is exported in large quantities and exported from Russia, so buying in China, badges or marks on the considerable cost, a Russian collector at risk to buy something, recently left his native town.
For collectors of ancient books China - one of the most desperate places on the planet. The famous "feat" Qin Shi Huang, annihilated in the IV century BC all the books, not bringing direct benefit to the State, was repeated in the era of "cultural revolution" against the Chinese early printed books. Now, not only in large cities, but even in the province of hard to find books printed before 1911, unless they are devoted to medicine or magic.
However, in Guangzhou a few years ago, the market sold several dozen volumes of the XIX century on the Taoist amulets and magical characters, and at the same price for one that did not exceed 1-2 dollars. But what about the old editions of philosophical or religious literature, they almost nenahodimy.
If we talk about the dangers lover of antiques in China, it is an incredible number of fakes. A fake antiques are made in China already and a half thousand years, and many of these forgeries themselves had become a highly valued antiques. But the fakes, which are now found on the antiques market in China - the modern origin. First of all, coins, bronzes, and, to a lesser extent, porcelain and jade. Speaking of fake, we mean "tourist" counterfeits, made for foreigners, sometimes very high quality, and do not touch on those falsehoods, which are found on the black antique market.
The second danger area is the interaction between the traveler with sellers. First of all, we recommend that: in any case does not show the seller that in front of him a collector, a connoisseur. It is dangerous to ask the seller to find a specific subject, especially if its price is very high and the export is prohibited. It is best to seem a simple tourist, to buy souvenirs and did not understand his art and antiquities. This does not arouse suspicion from the seller and avoid the potential for trouble at customs.
If we managed to find really interesting thing, this "tourist" position will not cause a trader wishes to raise the price. In antique shops and flea markets to haggle fiercely accepted - within a few minutes the price may fall not only half, but ten times. However, this does not apply in those cases where the seller knows that the traveler does not sell modern crafts, and real antiques.
And, finally, the final stage of antique adventure in China - is going through Customs. By law, the country can not remove items older than 50 years, and that Chinese laws do not differ from the Russian. Nevertheless, some low-value items XVII-XVIII century officially sold in state stores, such as the Beijing Friendship, and their removal if the certificate from the store is permitted.
However, among these items are rarely good at finding something raduyuschee eye, and prices are higher in Europe. Removal of old coins officially banned, but a few pieces of custom smoril "blind eye", although to advertise their passage is not necessary. Serious antiques we advise travelers not to remove, because in the case of detention may have big trouble. Chinese laws to the smugglers of antiques extremely strict. So, when Sian was excavated the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, and found his famous "clay army, have been documented cases of illegal export abroad fragments of statues from the tomb, especially in Hong Kong. Then, in the form of "retaliation" was introduced the death penalty for smugglers of Chinese antiques.
If a lover of antiquity still decided to bring a souvenir from China some nice antique knick - a small porcelain vase, jade statue or icon of Tibet, we recommend that in any case not specifically object to hide. It is important that in the event of its location at the customs officers did not raise suspicions that tourist walked at a deliberate smuggling. Any thing sold openly, can be bought as a souvenir, and therefore in case of questions at customs natural reaction is to answer that tourists are not necessarily experts in the field of antiques. Of course, such a reaction is natural only if the item was not deliberately hidden. Subject to confiscation in this case may be, and can not be avoided, but the problems at this end for the traveler.
But do not worry. Even modern calligraphic scroll, bought in a store near the Imperial Palace, will be pleasing to the eye among the relatives of aspen, recalling Taoist wisdom: "the true beauty of unpretentious, real power - is hidden."
Source:
"Antiques, art and collectibles" № 3, 2002
Interesting vase.
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Decorative vase.
China. The end of XIX century. Faience, painting. Height 90 cm, diameter 34 cm vase decorated with painted flowers, birds, dragons, snakes. Handles small as dragons, stucco decorations ...
An abbreviated translation of an article Dr. Christian Jorg, a professor at Leiden University
(05 May 2009)
Cargo from sunken off the coast of the peninsula Ka Mao ship was raised in 1998 /9 years. Vietnamese companies off the coast of southern Vietnam after the two fishermen accidentally raised the networks of Chinese porcelain products from the early Qing. Large-scale marine archaeological expedition has gathered a lot of unique information. It became apparent that China junk size 23 to 8 meters heading south-east, when the fire broke out and the ship sank. Porcelain was a major burden. Some items may have four or six characteristic markings Yongzhi Ch'ing emperor, who ruled between 1723 and 1735 years.
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Now most of the finds are stored in museums of Vietnam. A small portion was secretly sold to the local market, with the remainder provided by virtually all types and varieties of finds from the wreck is realized at Sotheby's in Amsterdam on behalf of the Government of Viet Nam. All lots were sold.
The observed products are a single set, so if you determine the exact dating of at least one subject, can be dated and the entire cargo. The nature of the porcelain cargo allows us to establish that the ship sailed during the reign of Yongzhi.
It is remarkable that all of the additional findings, such as printing or bronze objects indicates that the crew consisted of Asians, not Europeans. Transportation of Chinese porcelain in the era Yunchzhenya carried out for the most part exclusively by Chinese merchants, ships, junks that plied to the Philippines, the Indonesian archipelago and the coasts of Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. Today Jakarta (Batavia), located on the island of Java, has been an important market and distribution center porcelain. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) had its administrative and sales offices in this city that attracted trade here from all over Asia. Batavia, served as part fulcrum further inter-Asian trade and point of departure of ships returning to the Netherlands. Here, porcelain or transported to the Netherlands and other markets are supplied with vessels, such as the Islamic markets in India, Indonesia and Iran, or become part of the cargo destined for Europe. Contrary to popular belief, VOC not participated in the porcelain trade with Europe in the first quarter of the eighteenth century.
Vast quantities of porcelain, necessary to meet the huge demand for it since it came into vogue in Europe, shipped from southern China to Batavia Chinese junks. From time to time the Dutch and other Europeans to join in private to the Chinese crew, but certainly none of the ships of the Danish East India Company never sailed to China in the early eighteenth century to buy porcelain in Canton or Amoy. It is much more convenient it was to make an order for variety of goods, even in china, with a particular pattern in a Chinese captain, trust him with the transfer order in porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen, and wait for things to be taken to Batavia. The entire risk in the process fell on the Chinese side, the Dutch did not pay transportation costs and competition kept prices low. VOC only resumed trade with china in 1729 g, when the ships began to ply us directly from the Netherlands to Canton and back, a terrible way undermining the trade ships, junks from Batavia.
How do we know that the ship which sunk in Ca Mao, was heading to Batavia, and that most of the cargo destined for the Netherlands? One of the surprising findings in the ship is a set of dishes of different sizes, painted blue paint and covered with icing on top, which depicts the landscapes of western style. We see the hilly terrain in the background, fences, tree, two people walking in hats and another with a cow on a rope. In the background - a square building on the hill, the tower of the church, the roofs of houses, and in the center - the sailing ship. Clouds odd shape with curved contours are floating in the sky. Flat bezel painted a blue with wavy trim around the edge. Drawing, known as the "Scheveningen pattern" in honor of the same name of the coastal village near The Hague in the Netherlands, shows the sand dunes, a lighthouse, warning approaching ships, the village itself and the ships sailing in the harbor. The presence of these dishes on a ship with a Ka Mao suggests that these dishes, as most of the porcelain cargo sent to Batavia. After all, only the Dutch valued these specific items, chine de commande (porcelain on request).
The latest evidence of links with Holland and, therefore, that the ship with a Ka Mao followed in Batavia, is the high beer mugs with handles, painted blue paint with so-called "lambrequins" edge around the legs and neck. Shape and pattern of these beer mugs are based on Dutch Delft style, with "lambrequins" pattern, taken from a Chinese motif ri-yu (cloud).
The load, thus heading to Batavia, but not all the china was to be transferred to the Netherlands. Smaller parties were obviously intended for other markets. Stands for brushes, spoons and dishes with lead glazes and impressive figure, incense incense, vases, and possibly items decorated with blue and copper-red and glazed likely destined for the Chinese expatriate community in Batavia, or anywhere else in the east . Charming figures of people, animals and boats could be sold anywhere.
Finds from Ka Mao pose intriguing questions about the development of style. Part of the cargo looks exactly as it should have looked in the era porcelain Yunchzhenya. Tea sets, for example, decorated with delicate and detailed drawings of the pavilion with a fence and a pitcher of flowering plants on the terrace, originally painted with blue paint and enamel, lacquer.
Other tea sets with a typical age pattern Yunchzhenya depicts a landscape with willow and a boy riding a buffalo in blue under the glaze (loty366 - 378). These sets consist of cups and saucers, tea-caddies, tea cups and saucers milkmen relevant for them (pattipany). Some cups have handles on the grounds caddy - embossed curved pattern. Several other types of cups and saucers not included in the set, decorated with a pattern depicting landscapes or river scene with buildings or people involved in various activities. Other cups and saucers depict episodes from the enormously popular courtly romance.
"Western quarters, as well as the stage on the motives of immortality. These curly scene almost completely cover the surface of dishes, and the edge is a thin bezel. Some dishes and plates are decorated with period Yunchzhenya pattern of flowering plants around the stone or fence, or a bird on a rock located in the center, in conjunction with the rim of the splendid stretch of flowers and flowering branches.
Many items, however, have a painting called "typical painting Kangsi. One, for example, depicts a lotus border, or walking along the bottom of the strip in the form of garnet, filled with flowers. Another fringe consists of individual small parts in tight geometric patterns. Drawing in the middle of another object in the style Kangsi located around a central circle with luminous inserts in the center and /or on the sides. Many variants of such patterns with insertions characteristic of the era Kangsi present in Georgia with a Ka Mao. This is a typical characteristic of the dishes era Kangsi approximately 1700 is the manner of painting underglaze cobalt, which is not applied in a thin layer, but the parallel lines in order to fill the contours. (For example, it can be seen in the patterns of flowers on the little boxes with lids or some tea cups).
Another riddle presented dishes with a pattern resembling the china kraak first half of the 17 century. In the center - a pattern in the shape of a star with flowering plants, surrounded by semicircles with geometric pattern, and the edges are divided into broad and narrow sections, filled with colors and symbols. It is assumed that once very popular in the Netherlands, drawing kraak experienced a brief revival around 1700, but was soon superseded by other types of designs. The same can be said of the bird motif on a haystack on the cups and saucers. This figure shows the house and buildings on either side, on which the bird's nest knot. Flowering plant weaves in construction, rim is a patchwork of interconnected leaves. Such things have always been recognized as the earliest and most typical examples of porcelain in order for the Dutch market and dated to the early period of the XVIII century.
Moreover, the entire group of subjects consisting of bowls, incense and jars decorated with blue podglazuryu copper-red paint with pine trees, flowering plums and landscapes usually associated with the production in the era of Kangsi, as well as bowls, covered with green and yellow glaze called "egg and spinach. Figures, sprinklers and water containers for incense in the form of animals covered by enamel on the surface without glaze, has traditionally had a strong connection with the age Kangsi.
How can we explain such a difference in styles? The stylistic characteristics of the goods in strict conformity with the style of the era Yunchzhenya. At the same time, another part of the cargo would like to date the later period Kangsi 1700 - 20 years. It looks like, the ship sailed after 1723, when Yongzhi succeeded Kangsi.
Some of the things in the style Kangsi too big to be random - they occupy almost half of the cargo. This gives us the two versions of events, both of which can not be proven due to lack of documentation.
The first option is to assume that the goods Ka Mao partly consisted of the remnants of what remained china traders in southern China for ten or twenty years. It is hardly possible, since it is not consistent with normal procedures, trade with china. In the west was a huge demand for porcelain, the competition was fierce, so that any remnants of special orders would have been sold to third parties immediately.
Another assumption that can be done here, concerns the organization of trade with china. Tszindenchzhen for centuries was the center of porcelain production consisted of hundreds if not thousands, of small private workshops, which produced and painting porcelain. The most advanced of these workshops were those who produced porcelain for the imperial court, and that this was a standard of quality, shape and pattern for smaller shops. Workshops that produced porcelain for export, had to work so that the product looked attractive to foreign customers. They often do special things in order and do not produce goods for the local market. It appears that there was an extreme specialization, when a studio has done just kettles for export, while another - cups and saucers. The paintings used in the workshops, where porcelain was produced, or in special workshops, where he signs, also subject specialization. Production of these workshops were baked in large ovens, a place for which purchased from the owners. Producers and hosts are not distributing the final product themselves, but to use licensed brokers who make deals with Chinese merchants, distribute orders. One can assume that, being small and specialized, produce an exportable goods shops were not the first followers of fashion trends in prettification porcelain, which put forward a large and important factory. Quite possibly, they continued to work as they have worked for years, only gradually getting used to new ideas and new themes in the paintings only when their products are already on the present outdated and caused complaints of merchants and brokers. This explains the different styles in the paintings of the goods from the Ka Mao: some things were done workshops have already switched to new models of the era Yunchzhenya and some - the shops, going to work a late Kangsi.
You can make the assumption that within the next couple of years difference between the two styles leveled out and prevailed in the export of new, trendy style, replacing the traditional paintings and designs Kangsi era. If so, then the fact that the shipment contains a Ka Mao as different sets of items loaded and transported together, could indicate that all of these things were made in an earlier era Yunchzhenya, say, around 1725, so prev load later period would be less diverse. Summing up, we can say that the goods with Ka Mao gave us a great variety of beautiful things for different markets.
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