Art of China and Japan

[leonard]

In Beijing Museum claims that during the reign of Kangxi was made 150 seals. From the point of view, my knowledge in this area - all signs of a late copy! And the price up!
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In China, there was a period (late 19veka) they all copied the ancient
By the way, an auction and does not say that it is authentic.

[Евгений]

leonard, are you talking about? Not all press is sold at SodBi and Christie are the emperor, in the year they sold hundreds of ... Periods of manufacturing different ... Imperial is a rare exception in sales.

[leonard]

It was made as Imperial --
"Her base has an entry in the six letters, (Kangxi Yu Bi Zhi Bao) (In Imperial Hand Kangxi) accurate (Great imperial seal the brush during the reign of Kangxi) for calligraphy, type
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Although, who knows, there were many firms, such as we Faberge. Cut, brought in the late Kangxi. Not much, not buy, not imperial.

[leonard]

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Very cute print, a dragon with two pearls. One of the main reasons Chinese mythology, it's two dragons fighting for a pearl.
With great philosophy and humor!
In Taoism and Buddhism is a pearl, performing all the desires, the pearl of perfection, in other words, wisdom, and a beacon of spiritual essence of the universe in the Taoist text retained remarkable legend of the dragon, they grow a pearl of immortality out of nothing. He is concentrating all his will and collects in the space a sublime substance. Day after day, takes this work, and the result is a gem, shining brighter than the sun

[leonard]

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[leonard]

This is beyond common sense! Dragon-man Apolo, as the Chinese call it 5000-3000let BC!

[Евгений]

Art enamel - a type of applied arts of China, in the manufacture of goods which is used enamel jewelry - a special alloy of glass, which overlay on a metal base. In the era of the Qing Dynasty most widely used technique of cloisonné (also known under its French name cloisonné), notched (champlevé) and painted enamels. The term "cloisonne" - descriptive and means "divided by a partition, and hence there was a Russian term" enamel ". First, the surface of metal object soldered edge of thin metal strips, then in accordance with the orchestrated pattern or ornament formed septa cell filled with multicolored enamel, after which the product is baked, and then its surface is ground and polished.

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The term "shampleve" can be translated as "to remove the surface, hence the" champleve enamel. It is more easy to manufacture: the surface of a metal object by means of engraving or embossing recess, which is then filled with multicolored enamel. A third vehicle - it is painted enamel, when the metal coated with white opaque enamel, painted with colored enamels, and then the product is baked. All three techniques work with enamels were imported into China from other countries, but later in the context of Chinese aesthetics, they got a new reading and transformed into unique types of applied art in China.

Exquisite cloisonne enamel technique has wide application and reached a high level of performance even in Byzantium in the X-XV centuries. In China products made in the technique of cloisonne, came during the reign of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and became known as the "Arab enamels. The Arab enamels is highly valued for the unusual combination of shiny gold thread walls with bright colored enamel cells. During Jintao (1450-1456) early Ming to choose the background color cloisonne dominated by blue color, which is why they were called "tszintayskaya blue. Among cloisonne items of that period met with the imperial mark "Jintao", but we know a huge number of later imitations, which also has a such a mark. Therefore, researchers in the issue of authenticating the object and its temporal attribution can not entirely rely on the availability of brands, but must be carefully analyzed the color enamels, decoration and quality of polishing. Distinctive technical features of the early period of Ming cloisonne are the bright colors of enamel, densely filled with the basic patterns of blue background and a clear line of partitions. In the era of the Qing in the technique of cloisonne enamel began to produce larger-sized products, which are decorated with numerous rooms of imperial palaces and temples.

The first products in the technique of painted enamels, were brought to China in the XVII century, European traders and missionaries. They relished the Emperor Kangxi (ruled 1662-1722), and the court had a special workshop to examine the new European technique of painting on enamel and its subsequent production. The art of painted enamels reached the top of the end of the period of Kangxi. Chinese masters began to use new, borrowed in the West, a palette of pink and pale green flowers. This gave them an opportunity to create an elegant decoration of objects with rich color gamut. Gradually, this technique and the new colors began to be applied in the production of porcelain, ceramics and glass. In painted enamel periods reign of Emperor Yongzheng (1723-1735) and Qianlong (1735-1796) further expanded the range of colors, lines and ornaments have become more refined and graceful, decorative increased load of tracks. In addition to vegetable ornaments and the traditional genre of flowers and birds, the Chinese masters of painting in enamels are gradually beginning to apply the portrait painting and landscape sketches that were created in accordance with European artistic techniques of linear perspective and chiaroscuro. Painted enamel Qing court in the richness of colors, variety of subjects of decoration, harmonious combination of aesthetics and Eastern European painting techniques are the best examples of this form of applied art in China.
Art Enamel

Art enamel - a type of applied arts of China, in the manufacture of goods which is used enamel jewelry - a special alloy of glass, which overlay on a metal base. In the era of the Qing Dynasty most widely used technique of cloisonné (also known under its French name cloisonné), notched (champlevé) and painted enamels. The term "cloisonne" - descriptive and means "divided by a partition, and hence there was a Russian term" enamel ". First, the surface of metal object soldered edge of thin metal strips, then in accordance with the orchestrated pattern or ornament formed septa cell filled with multicolored enamel, after which the product is baked, and then its surface is ground and polished. The term "shampleve" can be translated as "to remove the surface, hence the" champleve enamel. It is more easy to manufacture: the surface of a metal object by means of engraving or embossing recess, which is then filled with multicolored enamel. A third vehicle - it is painted enamel, when the metal coated with white opaque enamel, painted with colored enamels, and then the product is baked. All three techniques work with enamels were imported into China from other countries, but later in the context of Chinese aesthetics, they got a new reading and transformed into unique types of applied art in China.

Censer incense
in the form of a duck
(Cloisonne enamel)
Ming Dynasty
Height: 24 cm
Length: 25 cm

  

  

Exquisite cloisonne enamel technique has wide application and reached a high level of performance even in Byzantium in the X-XV centuries. In China products made in the technique of cloisonne, came during the reign of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and became known as the "Arab enamels. The Arab enamels is highly valued for the unusual combination of shiny gold thread walls with bright colored enamel cells. During Jintao (1450-1456) early Ming to choose the background color cloisonne dominated by blue color, which is why they were called "tszintayskaya blue. Among cloisonne items of that period met with the imperial mark "Jintao", but we know a huge number of later imitations, which also has a such a mark. Therefore, researchers in the issue of authenticating the object and its temporal attribution can not entirely rely on the availability of brands, but must be carefully analyzed the color enamels, decoration and quality of polishing. Distinctive technical features of the early period of Ming cloisonne are the bright colors of enamel, densely filled with the basic patterns of blue background and a clear line of partitions. In the era of the Qing in the technique of cloisonne enamel began to produce larger-sized products, which are decorated with numerous rooms of imperial palaces and temples.

The first products in the technique of painted enamels, were brought to China in the XVII century, European traders and missionaries. They relished the Emperor Kangxi (ruled 1662-1722), and the court had a special workshop to examine the new European technique of painting on enamel and its subsequent production. The art of painted enamels reached the top of the end of the period of Kangxi. Chinese masters began to use new, borrowed in the West, a palette of pink and pale green flowers. This gave them an opportunity to create an elegant decoration of objects with rich color gamut. Gradually, this technique and the new colors began to be applied in the production of porcelain, ceramics and glass. In painted enamel periods reign of Emperor Yongzheng (1723-1735) and Qianlong (1735-1796) further expanded the range of colors, lines and ornaments have become more refined and graceful, decorative increased load of tracks. In addition to vegetable ornaments and the traditional genre of flowers and birds, the Chinese masters of painting in enamels are gradually beginning to apply the portrait painting and landscape sketches that were created in accordance with European artistic techniques of linear perspective and chiaroscuro. Painted enamel Qing court in the richness of colors, variety of subjects of decoration, harmonious combination of aesthetics and Eastern European painting techniques are the best examples of this form of applied art in China.
Art Enamel

Art enamel - a type of applied arts of China, in the manufacture of goods which is used enamel jewelry - a special alloy of glass, which overlay on a metal base. In the era of the Qing Dynasty most widely used technique of cloisonné (also known under its French name cloisonné), notched (champlevé) and painted enamels. The term "cloisonne" - descriptive and means "divided by a partition, and hence there was a Russian term" enamel ". First, the surface of metal object soldered edge of thin metal strips, then in accordance with the orchestrated pattern or ornament formed septa cell filled with multicolored enamel, after which the product is baked, and then its surface is ground and polished. The term "shampleve" can be translated as "to remove the surface, hence the" champleve enamel. It is more easy to manufacture: the surface of a metal object by means of engraving or embossing recess, which is then filled with multicolored enamel. A third vehicle - it is painted enamel, when the metal coated with white opaque enamel, painted with colored enamels, and then the product is baked. All three techniques work with enamels were imported into China from other countries, but later in the context of Chinese aesthetics, they got a new reading and transformed into unique types of applied art in China.

Censer incense
in the form of a duck
(Cloisonne enamel)
Ming Dynasty
Height: 24 cm
Length: 25 cm

  

  

Exquisite cloisonne enamel technique has wide application and reached a high level of performance even in Byzantium in the X-XV centuries. In China products made in the technique of cloisonne, came during the reign of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and became known as the "Arab enamels. The Arab enamels is highly valued for the unusual combination of shiny gold thread walls with bright colored enamel cells. During Jintao (1450-1456) early Ming to choose the background color cloisonne dominated by blue color, which is why they were called "tszintayskaya blue. Among cloisonne items of that period met with the imperial mark "Jintao", but we know a huge number of later imitations, which also has a such a mark. Therefore, researchers in the issue of authenticating the object and its temporal attribution can not entirely rely on the availability of brands, but must be carefully analyzed the color enamels, decoration and quality of polishing. Distinctive technical features of the early period of Ming cloisonne are the bright colors of enamel, densely filled with the basic patterns of blue background and a clear line of partitions. In the era of the Qing in the technique of cloisonne enamel began to produce larger-sized products, which are decorated with numerous rooms of imperial palaces and temples.

The first products in the technique of painted enamels, were brought to China in the XVII century, European traders and missionaries. They relished the Emperor Kangxi (ruled 1662-1722), and the court had a special workshop to examine the new European technique of painting on enamel and its subsequent production. The art of painted enamels reached the top of the end of the period of Kangxi. Chinese masters began to use new, borrowed in the West, a palette of pink and pale green flowers. This gave them an opportunity to create an elegant decoration of objects with rich color gamut. Gradually, this technique and the new colors began to be applied in the production of porcelain, ceramics and glass. In painted enamel periods reign of Emperor Yongzheng (1723-1735) and Qianlong (1735-1796) further expanded the range of colors, lines and ornaments have become more refined and graceful, decorative increased load of tracks. In addition to vegetable ornaments and the traditional genre of flowers and birds, the Chinese masters of painting in enamels are gradually beginning to apply the portrait painting and landscape sketches that were created in accordance with European artistic techniques of linear perspective and chiaroscuro. Painted enamel Qing court in the richness of colors, variety of subjects of decoration, harmonious combination of aesthetics and Eastern European painting techniques are the best examples of this form of applied art in China.

[Тютчев]

47 loyal samurai
 
exhibition Utagawa Kuniyoshi in the Pushkin Museum of Fine

December 15, 2009 in the main building of the State Museum Pushkin Fine Arts hosts exhibition of Japanese prints from the private collection of Alexander Orlov-Kretchmera. In particular, the first time in Russia's museum will demonstrate the complete series of engravings Utagawa Kuniyoshi "Lives of loyal soldiers" made in 1847-1848, respectively.

[Тютчев]

Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1798-1861) - painter. Real name - Igusa Esisaburo.

Kuniyoshi was born in Edo in the family dyer. From childhood the boy well versed in the art fabrics and ornamentation at the same time showed a tendency to fine art. In 12 years Kuniyoshi without any help create the first independent work - drawing, depicting the legendary conqueror of demons with a sword in his hands. It is believed that this image has opened the way to the studio Kuniyoshi Utagawa Toekuni - the most authoritative and popular masters of the time. Disciple Toekuni Kuniyoshi becomes age 15. Like all artists of the school Utagawa, Kuniyoshi began his independent activities with illustrations to works of fiction. Since the prints and book illustrations, which he began to create since 1814, not used much in demand, the artist was forced to odd jobs. Only in 1827, he achieved success, releasing a series of etchings "108 heroes of the vernacular version of the novel" Water Margin ", depicting characters from the Chinese novel" Suykoden. "The work was done in an expressive, dynamic manner bordering on the grotesque. Kuniyoshi to fame came. C this time genre Musya-e - a historical and heroic engravings - is central to the artist.

Although the master continued to develop the historic and heroic theme for many years, but other than that the object of his work were fantastic and ghosts, and charming girls, and genre scenes, landscapes, animals. Double cartoons Kuniyoshi, which reflected his political views became a source of conflict with the authorities, who even destroyed some of his prints.

From the second half of 1840. most known are the series of prints devoted to the history of the 47 Ronin.

In 40-ies. Kuniyoshi repeatedly participated in the production of series of prints, along with other no less famous artists. These series are paired images "53 stations Tokaido Road", performed by him, together with Ando Hiroshige and Utagawa Kunisada.

1840-1850-ies. - While the highest creative activity Kuniyoshi. For ten years he created 11 series to 40-50 sheets in each, and about 50 smaller volume series on topics related to the history of Japan, for example, a series of "Biographies of famous heroes of the" Legends of the Great World.

Kuniyoshi is one of the most talented masters of the late Edo period. In his Musya-e, bidzinga, pictures on theatrical subjects, landscapes, he used the new stylistic forms, characteristic of European painting, in particular related to the image perspective.

[Тютчев]

Utagawa Kuniyoshi (yap.歌川国芳?, Genus. 1798 Edo - the mind. April 14, 1861 Edo) - one of the greatest Japanese artists and craftsmen colored engraving end Edo period.

Utagawa Kuniyoshi was born in silk dyer. His father, Yanagi Kitiemon, was on friendly terms with Utagawa Toekuni, head of the Utagawa school of art. The first lessons of drawing the boy was aged 10 when they have family living artist Kuninao. Another teacher Kuniyoshi considered Katsukava Syuney, who taught him the image of satirical and fantastic scenes, as well as images and kabuki actors. In 1811, the boy enters a pupil in the studio Toekuni, where the study until 1814. Toekuni also gives him his artistic name - Kuniyoshi.

The first years of artistic activity was to Kuniyoshi maloudachny. In the years 1814-16 he was involved in illustrating books in 1817 did not create anything new, in the period from 1818 to 1826 the first is only a few publishers who have agreed to publish some of his work. In life Kuniyoshi earns mostly padding and repair of floor of straw mats. He lives in constant need, moreover, in 1820, he married.

Since 1827, the situation of the artist better. He receives from the publisher Kagaya Kitibei order to create 5 paintings for the series of prints 108 characters Suykoden. These sheets are well sold out, and Kuniyoshi were assigned and all the other "heroes" series. The artist also creates a series of images of other works of heroes and legends, literary illustrations, scenes from kabuki theater, landscapes. By 1842 he holds an honorable place among the masters of artistic direction of ukiyo-e, entered the top three of its best artists - along with Utagawa Hiroshige and Utagawa Kunisadoy.

In 1842, as a result of the so-called "reforms TEMP", and changed working conditions for artists of ukiyo-e. Thus, they were forbidden from now depicted theatrical scenes, actors, geisha and courtesans. Kuniyoshi wrote his "cat" series, makes prints of the educational series for housewives and children, depicts national heroes in the series tradition, morality and decorum. In 1843 the master had been warned by the authorities for making cartoons of the shogun and his first minister, his engraving boards were confiscated and destroyed. Gradually, the severity of restrictions loosened, and by late 1840 - early 1850's the artist returns to the theme of Kabuki.

Until 1855 Kuniyoshi works in all areas of color prints, but since 1855 he was limited to the sphere of book illustration.

By 1853 the artist had amassed a considerable fortune, which is then divided among his pupils.