Paul was born September 21, 1898 on the day of the Kulikov battle in the village of Dubrovka Kaluga province, near Optina. On the personal order of Lenin's family from family estate at once evicted, went to look for another refuge. Paul travels to Kiev, taking lessons in painting from Exter, and then serves as a cartographer in the Army of Denikin, and in 1919 finally decided to leave Russia. So in 20 years, completely cut off the umbilical cord that connects St. Paul with the Fatherland. Chelishchev be first in Constantinople, then to Europe. Beginner artist to conquer Berlin, London and Paris. In France, Paul gets in a fashionable salon of American writer Gertrude Stein and actively cooperates with Sergei Diaghilev, then moved to the United States, where he lived and worked for ten years. Scholar Paul Chelishchev believe that it is in America, he could most fully realized. However, after the war, the artist moved to Italy. At this time one of his beloved sister Maria, who had remained in Russia, was arrested and spent nine years in Stalin's camps. Now it rests on the Don Cemetery in Moscow. And Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev died near Rome in 1957 and was buried in the local churchyard. However, after several years of close relatives, among whom was his sister, Alexandra, have decided to rebury it moved the dust Pavel Fedorovich France at the Pere Lachaise cemetery, where there are also tribal family tomb Chelishchev. So now the great Russian painter, two graves - one token in Italy, another in France.
The documentary "Nechetnokryly angel" filmed for television channel "Culture". The film's producers Nina Zaretsky has long attracted the theme of art, while it seeks to discover unknown or long forgotten names. Ph.D. in Philology, Director of the Art Media Center «TV Gallery" Nina Zaretsky is the author of a series of documentaries about artists whose names were virtually unknown to the general public, but now many of them can be attributed to the classics of modern art, so a film about the work of Paul Chelishchev - for it is not the first work in this direction. On how the idea of painting, Nina Zaretsky says:
- This theme manifested itself in discussions with Konstantin cedar. Talking about their relatives, a famous poet of Russia has repeatedly stressed that of all the relatives he was particularly proud great uncle - artist Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev, which became for him a symbol of poetry. Konstantin called it "nechetnokrylym angel." The appearance of such an unusual comparison Cedars owed to his eminent ancestor. From the notes of the poet's grandfather heard the story. Once Paul Chelishchev asked about one of his paintings: "Why have your angel wings on his chest?" "And you often see angels? - Laughed artist. - In order to fly to the space en-measurements, only one wing, deflected in all the spaces. Constantine Cedars showed his article on this talented, spoke about the lineage, originating from Ivan Kalita. Well after that was to resist and do not get to work on this topic, the more so in the field of documentary film to her no one has yet addressed?
- Name of the film formed at once, or was before the other?
- Paul Chelishchev considered the founder of mystical surrealism, so the first title of the painting was "Russian Dali. But, working on the film, we conducted a large study of creativity Chelishchev and discovered one very important detail. It turned out that in fact in surrealism, Salvador Dali was not the first - the first was Paul Tchelitchew. Many of his plan preceded the opening of surrealist works of Salvador Dali in this area. After Pavel Fedorovich began to develop this area in the late 20-ies of the last century, while Dali came to surrealism in the middle of the only 30-ies. Following this discovery, we naturally could not leave the original name. The two artists were friends and often talked, but Chelishchev was older than Dali, and therefore wiser. Pavel Fedorovich sincerely rejoiced when Daly came to America, helped, met and took him around the city, showing their work. However, Dali managed to convince his contemporaries that surrealism is not Tchelitchew, but he is a pioneer. Chelishchev not very offended, and soon switched to other forms of painting. Tireless Pavel Fedorovich could not stand still, he is constantly fascinated by new ideas, styles and techniques. It was a difficult way to search and discovery, not only for himself but also for the spectators. As soon as I got used to one style letters Chelishchev, the audience immediately faced with a completely different Chelishchev with difficulty digesting his new style, but ultimately could not figure out who he was, this strange Russian artist Pavel Fedorovich Tchelitchew, and to what direction can be attributed to the new creation?
- Nina, you become a producer and script writer and film?
- In picture two writer - poet Konstantin A. Kidron and myself. But it was Constantine became the Cedars for the film, if I may say so, the starting point, it is with him it all started. And only after the picture was formed around a certain circle of associates. And all at once it became clear that the film must sound poems of Constantine Kedrova, because it will not be just a story about the artist and the story passed through the personal perception of his next of kin. Incidentally, to date no one is so close to Paul Chelishchev as Konstantin A. Kidron.
- It turns out that your movie - the story of the poet about the artist?
- Yes, and this is a huge advantage for the disclosure of a complex topic. After all, the poet speaks a specific language, it is sometimes easier to write the whole poem, than to explain in prose. Of course, subtle poetic plan sometimes can not explain all the details, features or details of artistic craftsmanship. But to some extent, it enables the viewer to understand and experience the finer integral image of the artist.
- What are the opening you have been able to do during the work on this picture?
- During the filming inexplicable events began to happen: they are attracted people. For example, we met with a separate branch Chelishchev. This family, which now lives in America. Incidentally, all descendants of the tribe Chelishchev now living in the United States retained its historical name.
- You met with them in America?
- Yes and no. Our acquaintance with one of the members of this family took place in Moscow. We planned to hold a shot at the Donskoy cemetery, where one of the ancestral graves of family Chelishchev. In it lie the three sisters of the artist - Barbara, Natalia and Maria. Also shooting at the walls of the Donskoy Monastery, which houses the original high relief "Visit Dmitry Donskoy Sergei Radonezhsky before the campaign against the Tatars in 1380. According to legend, a relative Kalita Michael Brenk was not only a squire, but a close friend of Dmitry Donskoy. Outwardly, they were very similar to each other. Sincerely worrying about the fate of the prince, before the battle Brenk invited Don to make a dressing. Michael donned the armor of the Don, and Dmitri dressed in a dress Brenk. After the battle Dmitry Donskoy was still alive, and Michael Brenk died: he was found under a pile of bodies, chopped "in the forehead. In memory of the heroic death of Michael Brenk closest relatives began to call themselves Chelishchev. Perhaps this legend is a certain percentage of fiction, but Michael Brenk - a real man who existed in the history of Russia, and many literary monuments confidently speak about this fact before changing the Kulikov battle. Day of filming was already agreed upon, but just before Konstantin phoned someone with a clear American accent and introduced himself Viktor Chelishchev. It turned out that he had flown from America to Moscow and is the brother chetveroyurodnym Kedrova. The poet told him about the film and suggested we meet in the Donskoy Monastery. We have not yet completed the survey, when the high relief came our new hero. It turned out that Viktor Chelishchev long studied their ancient race and knows its history. Long ago he and his wife, a writer living in America. Incidentally, his wife Natalia, too, belongs to the eminent family Goncharov. Viktor Chelishchev very interested in not only the history of the genus, but an ancient family coat of arms. He built a detailed tree Chelishchev, originating from Ivan Kalita, and even farther. And, as he was able to find out Michael Brenk was not only the squire, but his brother Dmitry Donskoy.
- And what besides the study of history today is engaged in a kind of Viktor Chelishchev?
- He is now about 70 years old, he lives in Florida. First Viktor worked for a construction engineer and a bit of a fan of architecture, and went out to retire, he began to write historical novels. He has two sons, they proudly wear the name Chelishchev. With them we have already met during the filming in the United States. The eldest son Andrew - an architect, lives in New York. This is very interesting and quite rare gift of man. Youngest son, Mark is involved in video and art projects, shoots feature films and documentaries. By the way, some scenes in the movie "Nechetnokryly angel" were filmed by Mark Chelishchev, who gladly acted as operator. And for us it is very kind and touching to watch him work and see this diverse and lively "chelischevskoe" tree in real action.
- It's nice that they kept the name Chelishchev, even while living outside of Russia and carefully preserve the memory of his ancestor, are named. Tell me whether to keep families Chelishchev some ancient relics?
- The movie shows one of the rarest relics, which is kept by the eldest son, Viktor Chelishchev. This is an old woodcut that once belonged to the Duke of Lüneburg, - lithography XYII century with detailed pictures and descriptions of all episodes of the Kulikov battle. This engraving of the inscription: "Instead of a Michael", indicating dressing Prince Dmitry Donskoy.
- In which cities to film?
- Initially scheduled to film at the historic home of Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev. But it turned out that in the Kaluga region, there are several towns and villages with this name, so today, with reliable accuracy is difficult to say in which of them grew up next master. In the painter's biography notes that the family Chelishchev have been raided in Moscow - the Arbat was a house belonging to the genus Chelishchev long, so we were shooting in downtown Moscow, where Paul spent his childhood and teenage years, and in New York, where he lived for ten Chelishchev years at the zenith of fame.
- Paul Chelishchev lot of work, as shown in the film, yet never seen in Russia. How do you find these works?
- Many of the works of Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev are in private collections, the majority - in the United States. But when we started the project, information about the main hero has somehow attracted, as if we followed the magic thread of Ariadne. We were pleased to learn that not only in America but also in our homeland are exhibition of works by Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev. The only true until the opening day of his works in Russia was held in September 2007 in the halls of the private gallery "Our artists" in Borken. This art gallery owned by Natalia Kournikova, who fell in love with Paul Chelishchev for his eccentricity. Natalia has long been engaged artists in exile, the names and works which are now virtually unknown in Russia. Natalia Kournikova has given us a unique opportunity to show in the film "Nechetnokryly angel" some pictures of Paul Chelishchev stored in its gallery. As you know, any show - always a great event. We were lucky, because the exhibition Paul Chelishchev Gallery "Our artists" one of his now - famous painting "Phenomenon" - out of their funds provided Tretyakov Gallery, and we were able to show this work in the film.
- Pavel Tchelitchew soon left Russia and spent most of his life spent outside. Does this mean that for him the homeland was forever lost, and while in exile, he never thought of it?
- No, it is not. Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev relationship with Russia is never lost. He supported her, and through their relatives, and through friends. True, he was quite extensive and very diverse circle of friends, which included Pablo Picasso, the American writer Gertrude Stein and the English poet Edith Situell, whose name was on everyone's lips. But many Situell valued not only for its beautiful poetry, but also for its originality. Favorite pastime of the bombshells were dressing up in clothes Elizabethan times. Is an unforgettable sight to watch her house hurry all bohemians. Among the guests were the poet can often find and Paul Chelishchev. Sociable and has a great sense of humor, the artist in touch with many, but the list of his Russian friends had much more. Relationship with Russia Pavel Tchelitchew held mainly through Sergei Diaghilev. In the dance world Pavel Tchelitchew came thanks to Diaghilev, and there was George Balanchine, Igor Stravinsky, Serge Lifar and others. The most famous project, the work of Pavel Chelishchev - ballet "Ode".
- In your picture there is this once sensational ballet, as had the idea to restore it?
- This is our know-how. When we met with the biography of Paul Chelishchev almost immediately got the idea to reconstruct the ballet. "Ode" - is not purely the brainchild of Diaghilev. After Paul Chelishchev was not only the art director of this ballet, based on "Ode" was the concept of Chelishchev. Here the artist declared itself in full power, putting in ballet things that only a few years later appeared in his paintings and graphics. Thus, "Odovskie" motifs can be seen in chelischevskih works written much later, approximately, 40's or 50's. This fact in the life of the artist can not miss. After all, history with the production of "Ode" has developed into a scandal. Ballet "Ode" was raised in France in the Sarah Bernhardt Theater in the Diaghilev Seasons "in 1928. This, unfortunately, the only statement, because the ballet was not accepted by his contemporaries. And yet, "Ode" was very important in shaping the future direction in the work of Paul Chelishchev. The artist used the stage that no one before him has never used. For descriptions of "Ode" today looks very modern. This means that Chelishchev far ahead of its time. It is not difficult to understand that he as an artist-innovator was hard to defend their ideas.
- What are incomprehensible to viewers? Emy Paul Chelishchev were used in the ballet "Ode"?
- According to the plan of Paul Chelishchev during a performance on the stage were used not only various pyrotechnic effects, but also a special glow, and film projection. The theater was a film projector, with which the room starts a certain image. In addition, the main character - a dancer Lifar, Chelishchev made during the performance ... to run on the backs of dancers, that is, by definition, could not please them. Accustomed to the classical style, the audience could not understand and accept this innovation.
- And who was the author of music for the ballet "Ode"?
- The music was written by Nicholas Nabokov - a cousin of the great Russian writer. But apparently, he did not do very well. As a result, the premiere of "Ode" failed miserably. Paul Chelishchev very upset about this, saying: "I have you opened the door to the Universe, in eternity, and you do not want to go there!". Placating his idol, a true fan of Paul's talent Chelishchev Gertrude Stein, said: "The time will come. All they see and come! "It is something just to absorb and understand everything that was laid by the artist in this performance. We decided to restore the ballet and show it in the picture. It was possible to find individual photos, found text, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, who wrote the "Ode" at the "Evening Reflections on God's majesty in the case of the great Northern Lights." We decided not to do the reconstruction, but a replica, its version of the ballet. The new libretto, invented by us, consists of three parts: "Hell," "Purgatory" and "Paradise". This choice is not accidental. Pavel Chelishchev there are three large loop, which can classify his work. The first - the theme of "Hell", the artist brilliantly revealed in the movie "Phenomenon". By cycle "Purgatory" may include a picture of the artist "The game of hide and seek" and a number of smaller works, also devoted to this theme, some of which Chelishchev used as sketches for his monumental masterpiece. This is a great painting was shown in New York at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and is considered one of the most brilliant of his work. And finally, most recently, the third cycle of "Paradise" - the unfinished series, combining unusual geometric paintings that radiate a supernatural light. Among these "glowing" works of Paul Chelishchev is one, which is considered the most obvious prototype for future large-scale paintings - "Paradise", which the artist had not had time to complete. Contemporaries, this series of works can be seen as the result of computer graphics, while they are truly handmade art, Pavel Tchelitchew wrote them many years ago, before the computer manually. It turns out that he had anticipated not only the artistic style, but also technology.
- Let's go back to the ballet "Ode". The reduced version of today you can see in the theater?
- No, the ballet was raised only for the film "Nechetnokryly Angel troupe Theater of the Kremlin Ballet under the direction of People's Artist of Russia Andrei Petrov. We approached this team, because among them are high professionals. Duration ballet six minutes, we took it on the stage of the Kremlin Palace. Choreographer Ballet, Victoria Shcherbina - it is young but very talented choreographer.
- You have changed the libretto, choreography, and who wrote the music for this version of "Ode"?
- We chose a young composer Alla Keselman. Today she lives and studies in Germany. Alla extraordinarily talented and successful. Her compositions were performed by such well-known European ensembles as the Ensemble Moderne, "Shemberg ensemble. In addition to the music to a new version of the ballet (which, incidentally, saved some "Nabokov motives"), Alla Kesselman has written the music to the entire film, and became its main composer. One musical texture became the basis for uniting the whole picture.
- Who performs the main roles in the ballet "Ode"?
- This young and talented guys. Among the promising ballerinas - Alexander Timofeev. She performed the title role in the ballet: "Nutcracker," "Swan Lake", "Romeo and Juliet", "Esmeralda". Sergey Smirnov - Prime troupe. His repertoire includes the party of the ballets "Romeo and Juliet," "Giselle," "The Firebird" and many others, as well as ballet dancer Andrei bursts, which played roles in the ballets "Don Quixote", "Ruslan and Ludmilla" and others.
- The new version of the ballet retained the original's ideas Paul Chelishchev?
- Managed to find pictures chelischevskoy version of "Ode", so to the scenic design of the ballet, we went with the maximum precision. Here we are helped Alexander Shumov. Artist and art historian, he is well known in our circle of his first edition of "Supermus, where one of the first started writing about the works of Kasimir Malevich, and later - as one of the first in Russia - began to study and publicize the work of Paul Chelishchev. Alexander Shumov now lives in Moscow, and Zurich.
- So, in one indie you are able to combine different layers of emigration?
- It turned out not intentionally, but all project participants have become part of a harmonious ensemble. We are connected by the fact that almost all are pioneers in their field. Constantine Cedars - a pioneer in poetry, Alexander Noises - in art.
- And how the issue was resolved with a film projection in the ballet? What are the pictures have been selected for display?
- How to referring to the original version of the ballet, where the intended artist on the stage projecting different images, and in accordance with our new libretto, we used the assembly work of Paul Chelishchev correlating with the themes of "Hell", "Purgatory," "Paradise" and how to continue movement of the dancers - and a drawing of dance, and emotional mood. Delicate work. In general, the presentation of a new version of "Ode" in the film, I think a big success. Here we want to pay tribute to our director Irina Bessarabova: she showed a wonderful sense of taste and extraordinary mounting thinking.
- The painting is rare shots?
- The film was formed spontaneously. We had previously invented scenes or plans, but something seemed to have led. Perhaps it is this magic invisible thread of Ariadne, led us in New York, a gallery of surrealism, which exists there for over 20 years and belongs to Steve Lucas. It turned out that he has assembled a wonderful collection of works by Paul Chelishchev, and we got permission to show them in the film. These work in Russia is absolutely no one saw. And it was removed by another rare story that, unfortunately, was not included in the picture. This interview with the American art connoisseur and collector, gallery owner in New York by Michael Rosenfeld, who more than a quarter century, fought for the creation Chelishchev, bought for his collection of paintings by Russian artists, and exhibited them with pleasure. "I think we need to organize in New York, a large exhibition of works of Paul Chelishchev, I'm going to do it in 2008 - shared his plans for Michael Rosenfeld. - Since my last exhibition on the work of Paul Chelishchev, after more than fifteen years and it's hard to believe, because it seems that the first exhibition of his works are held in my gallery, took place just yesterday. The theme of the new exhibition will be the head, only the head, which were painted by the artist in Germany, Paris, some in New York, some in Italy. I think that these images show the integrity of his vision and creativity, how it developed from 20-ies on the 50-ies. I'm sure - it will be an amazing sight.
P. S. Working on the film "Nechetnokryly angel", its creators have been limited not only in the media, but also in time. This picture is on screen only 52 minutes, but how much remains unspoken behind the scenes. After issue of the creative heritage of this most interesting artist, and all kinds Chelishchev - a very large layer of unknown material, which awaits its researchers. In the nearest plans of the film producer to create a more complete version of the tape, revealing the most important stages in the life of the artist. These plans include: to find a village in the Kaluga province, where the estate Chelishchev, details of childhood and adolescence the life of the master, to disclose his European period, detailing the work of a recognized artist in New York, to tell about his trip to Africa, as well as show the influence of Italian painting in the works of Russian artist. The implementation of such an extensive and multi-faceted project will allow Russia to researchers of art to pay closer attention to the artistic heritage of our distinguished countryman, will serve as a general recognition of his personal merits, and will be the final return of Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev in Russia.
http://www.inieberega.ru/node/43
29.11.2008, 06:42
The owner of an art gallery "Our artists Natalia Kournikova - about art and not only
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