Today, for example, only through photographs you can find out what was the central trading area of Suzdal. Shopping from the series survived only a quarter. The side facing the river Kamenka, was completely destroyed, part of the series, facing the Kremlin Street - also, and in its place is the market.
"Experts TSNIIP commercial buildings and tourist complexes ... categorically proved that Suzdal Shopping malls do not recover, and the place of the southern part, where there was a market, you need to build a modern department of glass and concrete in three floors, which would solve all the problems of service tourists "- read the book.
Vladimir restorers still managed to uphold its vision and get approval for a complete reconstruction of the Suzdal Trading Rows. Nobody believed, but in 1974, the city's anniversary, they were put into operation.
Benchmarks
It is well known that Vladimir land is rich in architectural monuments, and a special place among them belongs to the white stone monuments of XII-XIII centuries. And the question of their preservation and restoration to get up long ago. However, due to lack of relevant research base, it was not always successful.
The so-called "restoration" of a cathedral in the XIX century project of Vladimir Petrov Yevgraf provincial architect had nearly led to the deaths of the monument. To bring the building into "original form" had been dismantled lateral extension of the thirteenth century, who considered late and unnecessary. These works have affected the state of the building structure.
The task of restoration 1888-1891's highly dilapidated Cathedral of the Assumption was a restoration of "original appearance" as well as strengthening its structures. In the course of his survey found more than 30 damage.
"... This restoration had no analogues in Russia at that time - the authors write. - These early restoration work have attracted public attention to issues of methodology of restoration and served as a base from which subsequently began and evolved activity unique local restoration school, there was system of ideas, principles and approaches to the restoration of monuments. "
The starting point for a modern restorers believe the salvation of a cathedral. On this outstanding architectural monument of white stone architecture of Vladimir, XII century, "Russian soul in the stone," threatened destruction. Almost all of his designs have appeared progressive fracture. He stayed only for indigenous forests, wedges and post-props. And there was no clarity as to how to save it. Suggested, for example, the cathedral disassemble and label.
Restoration as an act
Despite the harsh conditions of war-time work to save a cathedral began in August 1941. They are led by Alexander century, and together with them in the woods and was 10-year-old son.
- October 17, 1941, when there was fighting near Moscow, the government issued a decree on the restoration of our country and the salvation of a cathedral, - said Igor Stoletov. - I am proud that our country has entered. In October and in the winter of 1942 were held complex and unique work of salvation of a cathedral: the walls were drilled and introduced new communication. It has kept the monument. I wish that such actions of the country and people will never be forgotten.
Here are just a small touch of the book: "To lay the concrete ties in the body of the pylons and exterior walls had to drill holes. Drilling was carried out of them for lack of mechanisms for a very original way - with the help of the Boers, made from water pipes of diameters 80 and 180 mm. With such a "mechanism" two or three people per day could drill a hole length of 1.5 to 3 mm, while this method did not cause any strain. "
In general, about his heroic, in the truest sense, the work of the restorers told very sparingly. On the difficulties in their way has only guess, thanks to the small details in the narrative. Here's another one of them dating back to the creation of a museum of wooden architecture in Suzdal. It is the carriage of the Transfiguration Church in the village of Kozlyatevo Kolchugino district, launched February 17, 1965:
"The entrance to the village was not, so team loaded with tools and materials, had to go to the village on foot by the shortest route on virgin snow about 8 km. The dismantling and transportation of spent 12 days."
To defend the city
The heyday of the restoration of the case themselves restorers dated 60-80-mi years of the last century. From the restoration of individual monuments, they moved to the integrated conservation of historic city centers. Take responsibility for their learning and allow reconstruction of the workshop experience.
It all started with Vladimir. In 1970 he was included in the list of 115 historical cities of Russia. However, developed in these years, the Moscow Institute "Giprogor" project downtown ignored the historical features of Vladimir, offering to demolish the entire old building center, with the exception of a few tens of sites, and erect a new neighborhood of panel houses a large extent and elevation. This tragic fact also found in the book.
"Wipe the entire system of streets and blocks, was destroyed over the centuries evolved a system of public, commercial and cultural centers as places of attraction in the historic urban core of the city and replaced with open-plan of prefabricated houses in five and nine floors. For example, in a small area of the Golden Gate to the Church of Nikita asked to build six houses, nine-storey towers. "
In this critical situation, only conservators undertook to oppose the draft alternative proposals based on a thorough and comprehensive study of the city. This work has received recognition and approval, became the model for dealing with the fate of other historic Russian cities as in the Vladimir region and beyond.
How to revive the monument
By 1985, the restorers managed to save more than 30 percent of the monuments. Note that the total number of sites included the direct participation of Vladimir restoration workshop in the vault, "Historical and Cultural Monuments of Vladimir region," which was published in 1996, amounted to more than 3.5 thousand.
And in the years 1983-1986 by a team of employees VSENRPM developed "Integrated Programme for the conservation, restoration and adaptation of cultural monuments of the Vladimir region."
It became obvious that unused sites quickly decay and blight. This was one of the reasons for the active inclusion of ancient structures in modern life, which required redesign work.
The first example of a small adaptation of historic buildings was the reconstruction of interesting, but very dilapidated house of the merchant Tabachnikova in the central part of Suzdal. It created the first souvenir outlet. Then, through the efforts of restorers in the old building there was the famed restaurant Suzdal "Cellar."
Historians shop to order catering even raised the whole volume of archival materials about ancient cooking dishes. Along with other interesting recipes was discovered and celebrated still a recipe for mead.
There was a critic of Vladimir blamed for the loss of positions and scientific restoration work on the cheap needful day. And no wonder. They were pioneers. But time has proven them right.
http://www.rg.ru/2011/10/27/reg-cfo/restavratory.html
28.10.2011, 00:46
Was published unique edition "of Vladimir-Suzdal school restoration."
Линейный вид
Похожие темы