Funeral Moscow

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Сообщение от Allena

The question is about something else: not the people thrown into this meat grinder, divided into "black" and "white". We all were born after the war, and how much we read or watched movies or listened to the memories, we still can not imagine the state of those people who have had it for a test.

Man - he was always a man is only in such difficult times manifests its essence. And hardly anyone can predict how behaves this or that man at the front. Someone in essence - a sadist, someone - a looter, a shopkeeper, someone in the child's fire can not, and the other will burn right and left, drowning out the voice of his conscience by the words "fog of war", but some a provincial accountant will be noble man - a man in the worst times of my life.

Do not divide the warring people into good and bad. Psychology man at war - is complicated. This is now a soldier specially prepared, and then this thought much (in the modern sense of the term). Propaganda was, but still some, but now everything is different.

In the abstract "black" and "white" divide really can not. It is necessary to divide the Nazis, who attacked our homeland and our ancestors who gave their lives to protect the land that their fathers are at rest. It should be divided into those who for the sake of easy money have come into people's houses to kill and rape other people's mothers, wives, daughters, and those with arms to defend their right to be a man.
Those people also did not anticipate that they happen to experience all the horrors of war. They are just like us, casually got up every morning and happy new day. They believed that their century of war certainly will not! They believed as we believe we are now. But the enemy does not care about their dreams and hopes, treacherously invaded our homeland. Who knows, maybe we'll have to fight for their Fatherland.
      Russia has always fought to defend their land and freedom, and it is in the crucible of war shaped our nation. And this is really the nation! Without any exaggeration. This is really one people, who rallied the great millennial history and hope for no less a great future!
      United States, for example, call themselves a great nation, but in what wars they fought for their freedom? In what wars they won? And how Americans will behave in case of attack by an aggressor, it is another question! But the fact that every man in Russia will defend our country, I am sure. And not because of propaganda, but because they should be ashamed to look into the eyes of mothers, wives and children.
      The nation was to meet in a fist. And for this needed new songs. At least for that was not afraid to have been even more powerful force, and the weak, these forces have appeared. And you call it propaganda? In all ages the best works of art created for raising the spirits of soldiers! In relation to these works have always used the word respect, but somehow now it suddenly became propaganda! And for some reason in relation to works of art created during the Great Patriotic War!

[color="# 666686"]Posted 17 minutes later[/color]

Сообщение от Stalevar

Alain interested in your opinion on the Chechen war? There, too, all the people? No black and white?

Stalevar, about the Chechen war better not. This is a provocative topic. We are the Great Patriotic War can not understand but you say Chechnya.
      Get real, this topic is very important ( "The funeral of Moscow"). If it zafludyat or closed, we can not talk about the destruction of Russian cities.
      You can talk about everything, but most importantly all the same - tyranny of power in relation to cultural heritage.

[Сталевар]

Сообщение от Tjutchev

Stalevar, about the Chechen war better not. This is a provocative topic. We are the Great Patriotic War can not understand but you say Chechnya.
      Get real, this topic is very important ( "The funeral of Moscow"). If it zafludyat or closed, we can not talk about the destruction of Russian cities.
      You can talk about everything, but most importantly all the same - tyranny of power in relation to cultural heritage.

Indeed, it is not necessary. If people can not understand the history of their ancestors - about its history and should not stutter.

To avoid any suspicion that I'm some kind of "troll", which in any subject will cause podiskutirovat, then I will set photos Simonova monastery.
Photos of the unique, the network of no. From personal collection.

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On the ruins of the Third Rome

Konstantin Mikhailov

For a complete description of Moscow losses 1917-2008 period are needed, unfortunately, many volumes. No European capital in the twentieth century, so did not suffer. In the Kremlin, which only seems to us beyond the control of storm-time sanctuary of antiquity, destroyed, for example, 17 churches of 31. Half of the cultural and historical heritage of Moscow, which existed in 1917, was destroyed as early as 1941. Then - as the Russian proverb: it ctolko, took away half as much from him even half as much, yet half so much, yet half so much ... How much is left?

In the author's archive holds information on more than 2,000 died of old buildings in Moscow, but this list, alas, is far from complete. In our city, where the historical and building layers of XVIII-XX centuries still found the remains of medieval buildings, every home deserves careful and painstaking study. And the old Moscow in the twentieth century broke the entire neighborhoods, trying to clear the construction site for another masterpiece of the new architecture bound to the specified date or the nearest holiday. Many ancient monuments have died so not only obscure, but simply unknown.

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And this, unfortunately, does not cause long ago. And in our time of local lore and enthusiasts have described and photographed destructible monuments race with construction excavators. So it was, for example, with the chambers of XVII century in the Big Gnezdnikovsky Lane, dead for exactly three years ago, in February 2006 the second.

... One day (as always, sorry, "only to live in this time of'm not perfect nor have I nor you") in power in Moscow will be people who understand that the historic city of a thousand years of history deserves a much better fate than to stay arena of infinite extract super profits from the lucrative areas in its center. One day in Moscow will understand that the preservation of its original historical monuments - this is the public interest that goes beyond the private interests of specific investors, developers and officials. And the second will be easy to sacrifice in the name of the first, and not vice versa. And the center of Moscow declared cultural and historical reserve, and each house would hang commemorative plaque describing its historical, cultural and memorial values. And any investor who comes to the city authorities with a proposal to demolish any historic building, will be the threshold point to the door. And maybe even send in the 101-km mark. Know if only as monuments of Moscow is destined to lose, yet in the minds of mayors and city residents will not come from the euphoria sobering transformation ...

about the benefits of staring at old photographs

Moscow is no worse than a glass, suitable to illustrate the well-known paradox of pessimists and optimist. The city is half empty or half full? The question is not an easy one.

Kremlin. St. Basil's Cathedral. Novodevichy Convent. Church of the Ascension in Kolomna. Church of the Intercession in Fili. Menshikov Tower. Pashkov House. Donskoy Monastery. Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi. All intact. Worth. I will rejoice, I dare to hope, our grandchildren. I list the fact that I dearly love. Everyone, perhaps, in the heart of Moscow his rating masterpieces.
Sukharev Tower. Red Gate. Simonov Monastery. Grand Cross of the Church of St. Nicholas. Chudov and Ascension Monastery in the Kremlin. Ibid - Cathedral of the Savior on Bor. The walls and towers of the China-town. Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka. Temple Joasaph Tsarevich in Izmailovo. Church of St. Nicholas in a pillar of ... Total killed in Moscow - sorry. But this - sorry immensely. It is a masterpiece (again, in my personal opinion) the first row. They would decorate any of the capitals of Europe, if so fortunate to European capitals.

Look at their old pictures. Rate exquisite lines, subtle silhouette, the harmony of proportions. Even looking at the pictures, you can feel, feel - let the elusive moment, and probably a tiny fraction - the impression of grandeur and charm that gave the inhabitants of the surrounding spaces of these famous buildings in Moscow. Glory does not occur in a vacuum, legends are not born on orders from above.

Looking at these old photos, I once knew that you can not believe conventional wisdom phrases from books: the backwardness of Russian culture, that Russia in its history, and was just so busy that someone catching up, someone studied , someone that something took over. The fact that the only ray of light in a dark, uncultured, stagnant and superstitious country have been gleaned in western magazines progressive ideas and ideals ... All this thinking stuff, which to this day with a significant view speaketh other historians and journalists who can not stand comparison with a single photo of the church of St. Nicholas or the Grand Cross of the Sukharev Tower. In a dark and superstitious country, this will never create.

And all this for centuries posed, multiplying and cherished the beauty and glory in Moscow destroyed, and - this is hard to believe - for some ten years, from 1927 to 1936. Only ten thousand years of history of Moscow, and the city has changed in the face.
Since then, it was not until the seventy-odd years, and the city changed in the face again and again. Today it pulled new carnival mask - pseudo-theatrical scenery with concrete walls under uzorochnymi casings. Thank God, masterpieces have not touched. In Stalin's Moscow, they also did not touch - for the time being ...

about the benefits READING Journal articles

I allow myself one more lyrically autobiographical digression. I'll tell you how I first questioned the Soviet regime. The case was still in school, age twenty-six or twenty-seven years ago. I have read ... no, no samizdat about Stalin's camps. In a magazine I read an article about the demolished architectural masterpieces of Moscow. With pictures. The article was in these times quite harmless, with no conclusions, no generalizations, without documentary revelations. But until now, surprisingly, as it was then missed censorship. Because without generalizations and revelations impression was terrible. How? That is - destroyed by Soviet authorities and Soviet citizens? Not barbarians, not by foreign invaders, not saboteurs, not a disaster? Destroyed not by accident, not by inadvertence, not at the barrel of a gun to his temple, and quite consciously, deliberately, and even joyfully and with enthusiasm? Destroyed by the very people whose deeds and accomplishments we are taught in school to be proud of one's heirs and successors, we are accustomed to consider himself?

Habit Soviet world collapsed almost overnight. That's when the first stirred in me a worm of doubt. That's when it all began: the bitterness and pain and a burning desire to find out about the masterpieces of the victims as much as possible, and to recall them at least in his own mind, and tell others about it, and pay tribute to the memory of themselves and their creators ... The most desire, which is not dead in me so far and, indeed, your humble servant, led to writing books in the series "Moscow, we have lost."

But all the same, and after so many years, and after reading hundreds of books, articles and archival documents about the history of destruction of monuments of national culture in the twentieth century - largely due, I open my eyes to many things - with loss of masterpieces can not be reconciled. And it is impossible to explain them by any logical, rational reasons.

about the benefits COMPARISONS Causes and consequences

Among the adherents of old Moscow is still alive the legend, in recent years and told the press. Its meaning is that supposedly in the early 1930's leading restorers and scientists were summoned to the Moscow City Council and asked to draw up a list of the best, most valuable architectural monuments of Moscow. The question - why? - Explained: in order not to affect to necessarily save them for starting the reconstruction of the city. Restorers and scientists have made such lists, and handed them over to the Moscow City Council, happy preventive care authorities on the historical heritage. And when the reconstruction of Moscow gathered pace, scientists and restorers with horror realized that the best architectural monuments of the city destroyed one after the other - carefully compiled on their list ...

True or not, probably no longer be doznatsya. But for us it is in this case is not important. Legend is often truer than reality. Because it conveys a better sense of what is happening, cut out unnecessary details and details. And the sense that the great architectural and historical monuments of Moscow, the symbols of the ancient city, were, with few exceptions, destroyed in 1927-1936, respectively.

The history of the struggle of the then very few defenders of the old Moscow against the destruction of its masterpieces, let me say a few monotonous. Are changing the dates and names, but the development of the plot, not to mention the finale, in general, the same thing.
Object (Sukharev Tower, Kitaygorodskaya wall, Simonov monastery, then on the list, underline) is listed in all imaginable and unimaginable lists of sites approved by state authorities. His knowledge, study, organize excursions to him. His restored, muzeefitsiruyut paint prospects. Prominent leading figures of the art restoration and publish it on the articles and books, not forgetting to praise the Soviet regime, under which first made possible the restoration and public demand, the study of an object or opening a museum. The eminent historian Moscow Peter Sytin wrote in 1926: "Sukharev Tower in over two hundred years vegetating. Today the Soviet authorities returned her to life in the fullest sense of the word, not only updating the overhaul of decrepit members, but vdunuv in her living soul ". Before demolition Sukharev Soviet power remained for eight years ...

So, for the time being, nothing thundery. And suddenly in the evening paper or in speeches of some minor economic planner for the first time is: be ruined. Demolished to improve the traffic, or improve the urban form, or make room for the construction of something much needed proletarian capital.

Maestros smile. It must be the same as occur yet we have illiterate and short-sighted business leaders. They do not understand that urban problems can always be solved without destroying the famous monuments. Maestros condescending remarks published in newspapers (as long as they are allowed). I. Grabar wrote about the project demolition Sukharev: "We tend, in his enthusiasm for the right idea at the basis of a few too far ... in those days swam alone, especially objectionable by their obvious absurdity: draft demolition Sukharev. Do not worry, dear reader, no more nor less than the Sukharev Tower! It is not a joke, but seriously. You admit that one day into his head to destroy the painting of Raphael, the manuscript of Beethoven or Goethe? "

It decays over time, sometimes for several years - and suddenly! - On the table luminaries sitting in the committees of scientists, paper rests with the coat of arms. By decision of the Moscow City Council! Demolish! In order to streamline the flow of traffic!
This is serious. Scientists, experts and restorers are rushing into battle. Write complaints to the Central Executive Committee of the republic. Write letters to Stalin. Bringing tens of historical, cultural and artistic arguments. Reference is made to Lenin, who ordered once the glass in a broken window in the Kremlin's churches. Convince the authorities that all their concerns can be addressed much cheaper and easier, and do not have to break. Developing projects in traffic management, improved streets, underground tunnels, at worst - Movements masterpiece to the adjacent empty lot ... And suddenly the greatest authorities realize that talking to the void. Emptiness does not understand what they were talking with her. They cry about the artistic value, the emptiness - the expansion of driveways or building materials it needs. They beg to spare the ancient temple - they say: it must be demolished to put in its place stand Mosgorspravki. They are asked to save another temple - they are responsible: it is impossible, because of his business man loses precious seconds, because that comes down from the sidewalk into the roadway.

Finally, Stalin - the ultimate truth and the last hope of leading lights - meets them that the Soviet people will be able to build a more magnificent structure than the Sukharev Tower.

Dialogue with hollow ends. Masterpiece exploded or disassembled. After some time it turns out (and even recognized by the authorities or newspapers) that the sacrifice was in vain. Traffic has not improved, cleared land in the city center empty and then for decades, kiosk Mosgorspravki appears in another place. And then the void recognized in error. She says: We nedodumali. Of course, you can not just demolish the Red Gate and think that everything in the area will improve. No: we must tear down another nearby church of the Three Saints and the house where he was born Lermontov - then everything will be very good.
History repeats itself.

Repeated and its laws. Emptiness does not accept and discusses the rational counter-arguments and alternative solutions to the problems posed by it. Void tends to target destruction by hook or by crook. Upon reaching her, she calms down and is looking for new victims. The stated goal initially and cause drift masterpieces emptiness immediately forgotten or replaced by others. In place of the Passion of the monastery did not receive any of the Palace of literature. Lots of churches of St. Nicholas and the Grand Cross of the Assumption on Pokrovka empty to this day. Masterpieces are replaced by empty lots. Actions voids at first glance inexplicable, insane.
But perhaps the emptiness is not so empty as it seems? And not so crazy - just about the true purpose of their preferred not to talk about?

about the benefits RESISTANCE progress of society

In closing - another digression. It is necessary to explain why our service - the protection of monuments - and dangerous, and difficult. And why is it so problematic, not only in Russia. Because the protection of monuments is a conscious opposition to social progress. If you understand this progress as a constant and justifiable desire of mankind to develop, update and improve all areas of human existence. Including the environment in which mankind lives. Around us - not the conscious enemies of historical heritage. Do not blame people for wanting to live in a new spacious apartments, convenient to work in new offices, driving around in new cars by a wide new roads and park them in a spacious parking lot in the heart of the beloved city. To condemn the citizens of these desires, as well as a desire to build new buildings and thus earn money - just pointless, then, they are people.

It is only necessary to understand that in these circumstances, the physical preservation intact of any kind were buildings, neighborhoods, urban types, items, layout and other things that we call the architectural heritage, is possible only through violence. Opposition progress otherwise not happen. Law on the Protection of Monuments used in practice, real control over its implementation - this is abuse of officials, investors, tenants, private owners, architects, etc. It limits their proprietary, economic, entrepreneurial, creative will. This, however, applies to any law that is always somebody in something limits.

So it is futile to blame the people who will demonstrate this. But then there are the state power to stop this will legitimate violence - if the business or creative impulses threaten cultural and historical values. But when the government fails to comply with this its high destiny, when the city turns into a historical constructor, which can be on mutually agreed terms to replace old buildings novodelnymi concrete copies, and the leader of the government declares a program article that "in Moscow's concept of culture copies are sometimes no less meaning than the original. Because semantic, historical and cultural "load", which carries a copy of this can often be richer and deeper than the original architectural solutions "... I think Talleyrand attributed to the winged phrase -" it's more than a crime - it is a mistake. "

The originals, the originals - and this is the ancient monuments - are valuable not only the architectural qualities or memorial memories. The originals are evidence of the historical existence and development of the nation. Link of Times, the continuity of generations, the duty to preserve and pass on the relay and historical heritage and other lofty words are no longer abstractions and empty slogans, if we can touch the wall of the temple or at home, confident that this could touch the wall, our great-grandfathers. And the same uzorochny clypeus feast their eyes by their elastic forms. And if by this we find the casing in situ concrete - all the high words become meaningless, in the deception, in nihilism, which denies all the original values.
And if there is no immortality of the soul, embodied in including in the historical monuments - then everything is permitted.

The destruction of the original architectural and historical past - in Moscow and throughout Russia - about the same operation, which is implemented now in the national historiography, with the help of the so-called "School Fomenko. Yaroslav the Wise is Batu, Novgorod - Yaroslavl, Moscow Tsar - Egyptian Pharaoh. Monolithic concrete equates the chamber of the XVII century the office of the late twentieth century, the memorial house playwright Sukhovo-Kobylin with his new-built copy, novodelny Cathedral of Christ the Savior to the present. The real history was. The real story is not needed. History is written, and is built anew. Before our very eyes. A clean slate. Important and valid only today's day spent under the wise and effective leadership of the current authorities.

That's why so enchanting in Russia protection of ancient monuments. That is why it can not participate, despite the numerical advantage and the administration's opponents. Here, perhaps, the same principle that was once in the Olympic movement: the main thing - part. Above all, on whose side you were.
With a crowbar - or against the scrap.

Photo provided by Center for History and Archives of urban research

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Сообщение от Stalevar

... I will set photos Simonova monastery.
Photos of the unique, the network of no. From personal collection.

Stalevar, thanks! Simonov monastery - it is really tragic page in the history of Moscow.


Simonov Monastery

Built: 1370
Type: monastery
Title: Simonov Monastery
Address: East 4
Nearest Metro: Avtozavodskaya

Simonov Simonov Monastery of the Dormition (Eastern Street, 4), monastery in south-eastern part of Moscow, on the left bank of the Moskva River. Founded in 1370 the pupil and nephew of St. Sergius Radonezhsky Theodore lands Boyar SV Khovrin (monk Simon - hence the name), in 1379 moved to its present location, at the same place, including the Old Simon's, - the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. In 1405, elevated white stone Cathedral of the Assumption. Is an important part of southern defensive belt. In the XVI century. in the Simonov monastery lived and wrote their essays Vassian Patrikeev and Maksim Grek. In 40-ies. XVII century. surrounded by a stone wall; preserved south wall with three towers: the angular "Dulo (four tiers of combat, stone tent, bunk lookout tower), pentagonal" Blacksmith "and round" Salt ". Abolished in 1923, in 1929-30 the majority of buildings were demolished, the area occupied by the Palace of Culture ZIL. Preserved "New" refectory of the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh (1677-83, architect I. Potapov, OV Startsev AD), a fraternal body XVII century.

Literature: R. Katznelson, Ensemble Simonov Monastery in Moscow, in collection: Architectural heritage, [at.] 6, 1956.

[Тютчев]

Simonov Monastery

Monasteries, on the southern approaches to Moscow played the role of the outposts. From the south, by commencing Oka steppes, Muscovy often been subjected to raids of the Tatar nomads. At first, wooden, the monastery has become over time a formidable fortress with stone walls. The chain of monasteries, nicknamed for their appointment of watchmen, with the accent on the second syllable, forming a semicircle starting from the east Savior Andronevym, along the left bank of the Moskva River are Novospasskij and Simonov, on the right Danilov, then Don and ends semiring most western Novodevichy Convent . As the pacification of the steppe, periodic raids became increasingly rare, the last major was in 1618, and by the end of the 17 th century raids ceased altogether. But the watchman, offering a historical and artistic heritage of Russia, and are valid today. Alas, except Simon's Monastery, almost completely destroyed in the 30's. It was founded in 1370 and received its name from the monk Simon podstrigshegosya in monks nobleman who owned these lands and donate them to the monastery. However, just a few years the monastery was moved slightly south to a more convenient location. And in the Old of Simon and to this day stands the church graveyard and it Church of the Nativity of the Virgin - a single-headed temple was built later in 1509. In this church are buried the legendary warriors, monks and Peresvet Oslabya, the heroes of the Kulikov battle, sent Dmitry Donskoy Sergiy Radonezhskiy. Simonov monastery was founded by a student and nephew of St. Sergei Fedorov, who became the spiritual father of Dmitry Donskoy. Which was of great military importance, the monastery enjoyed a great fame in Russia and attracted from all over the valuable deposits. Representatives of the famous labor often came here for the monastic lives of and under the walls of the monastery until the late 19 th century representatives of the nobility were buried in Moscow, there was a kind of ceremonial cemetery. Gromada stone walls built under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, in 1630, and the tower, each of which bore his own name, had already been written in stone. There are three of them - Saline, Blacksmith and Barrel. Others were blown up in 1930. Blew up five of the six churches of the monastery, 95-meter tower architect KA Ton, almost all the other buildings. Survived the refectory and the headless form of the church Tikhvin Mother of God. In recent years, is restored and preserved buildings can be admired at the partially restored finish refectory Naryshinsky Baroque style by the famous architect Osip Startsev. The right of the entrance to the current cut-down area of the former monastery, now the patriarchal monastery, on the spot blown up churches and walls built Palace of Culture in the style of constructivism. The building, probably of some interest, especially for specialists architects, perhaps, necessary and beneficial to Muscovites. The only reason I had it at this place, why such a price and where it is barbarism, the vandalism to their own stories, just in my head does not fit.

http://o-moskve.narod.ru/p33.html

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Simonov (Assumption) Monastery - Monastery, founded in 1370 downstream of the Moscow River from Moscow student and nephew of St.. Venerable. Sergei Radonezhsky - Venerable. Theodore, a native of the city Radonezh on land that was donated boyar Stepan Vasilievich Khovrin (monastic name - the monk Simon - from what happens the name of the monastery).

With undeservedly forgotten now Simonov monastery is related to many key events in Russia's history.


In 1379, the monastery moved to its present location, in the same place (in the Old Simonova) preserved the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, which, in the XVIII century have been discovered graves of heroes the Kulikov battle - Alexander Peresvet and Andrew (Rodion) Oslabya preserved to this day.

St. Sergius of Radonezh thought Simonov Monastery "branch" of their Holy Trinity Monastery and always stayed there during visits to Moscow. From the walls Simonov monastery came a galaxy of eminent devotees and church leaders: St.. Kirill Belozersky (1337-1427), St.. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow (? -1461), The patriarch Joseph (? -1652), Metropolitan Geronty, archbishop of Rostov John. In the XVI century in the monastery lived and worked in a famous figure nestyazhatelstva monk Vassian (in the world - Prince Vasily Kosoy-Patrikeyev) and theologian Venerable. Maksim Grek.

In the words of the chronicler, Simonov monastery has repeatedly served as a "shield against the enemies of Moscow. Over the years of its existence, Simonov monastery more than once took upon himself the onslaught of the enemy hordes, was subjected to the Tatar invasions in the Time of Troubles was ransacked and destroyed almost to the ground.

In former times, the monastery was one of the most famous and revered in Russia: here came together and a lot of people, and rich material contributions. Special love monastery enjoyed by Tsar Fedor Alekseevich (elder brother of Peter I), which had here own cell for privacy.

In 1771 the monastery was abolished by Catherine II, and on occasion has spread at the time the plague was turned into a plague detention center. Only in 1795 it was restored to its original application as Count Alexei Musin-Pushkin.

After the arrival of Soviet power in 1920, the monastery was abolished. In 1923 the monastery was established by the museum, lasted until 1930. The museum director, Vasily Ivanovich Trinity (1868 - 1944), established relations with the church community: Allow service in one of the temples of the monastery in exchange for guards and janitors at the expense of the community.

In January 1930 a government commission found that some ancient structures on the territory of the monastery can be preserved as historical monuments, but the cathedral and the wall should be torn down.

Bombings in the night of January 21, exactly on the sixth anniversary of the death of Lenin. On the air soared five of the six churches, including the Assumption Cathedral, bell tower, the gate of the church and tower Guard and Taynitskaya with the surrounding buildings. At working subbotniks were dismantled all the walls of the monastery, except the South, and wiped out all the graves on the territory of the monastery. On the site of the ruins "of the fortress church of darkness," wrote the magazine Ogonyok, in the years 1932-1937 rose the Palace of Culture ZIL ..

http://www.rusarch.ru/kuchkin1.htm

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The picturesque location of the monastery inspired many poets, writers and artists. Near the monastery was a pond, according to legend, dug Sergiy Radonezhskiy.

In 1405, the monastery was built a stone cathedral church of Dormition of the Virgin Mary, whose construction was started in 1379 In 1476 the dome of the cathedral was badly damaged by lightning, so at the end of XV century, the temple was rebuilt by Italian architect unknown. At the end of XVII century the cathedral was decorated team of Moscow's imperial masters. At the same time was made of carved gilded iconostasis, which was the main relic of the monastery - Tikhvin icon of the Virgin, which St.. Sergius Radonezhsky blessed Dmitry Donskoy in the Kulikov battle. It also kept a gold cross set with diamonds and emeralds - the gift of the princess Mary Alekseevny. The old towers and walls of the monastery were built in the XVI century. How to think they built the "Sovereign Master" Fyodor Savelevich Horse - the builder of Smolensk Kremlin. Fortified with Boris Godunov, the monastery in 1591 reflected the attack of the Crimean Khan Gaza II Giray.
Part of surviving new walls of the monastery and some of the towers, which can be seen today were built in 1630, while in the new fortress includes fragments of an old fortress, built by Theodore horse. The circumference of the monastery walls is 825 meters, height - 7 pm Of the remaining towers in particular stands out corner tower "The barrel, topped by a high canopy with bunk lookout tower. Two other surviving towers - pentagonal "Blacksmith" and round "Salt" - built in the 1640's, when the restructuring was carried out defensive structures of the monastery suffered in the Time of Troubles.

Refectory Simonov monastery was built in 1680 on the means of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich team of masons, headed by Parfenov Petrov. The structure of the "New" refectory of the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh (1677-83, architect I. Potapov, OD Startsev) includes fragments of the previous building in 1485. When the new building Parfyon Petrov - the master, who built in the tradition of the first half of XVII century, used the details of the ancient architecture of Moscow, who did not arrive in the spirit of the convent authorities. They brought litigation against the master, and three years later, the refectory was rebuilt again in the bright, individually decorated Moscow baroque. At this time the work was supervised by well-known Moscow artist Osip Startsev - outstanding architect end of XVII century, many built in Moscow and Kiev.

The new refectory Simonov monastery became one of the most significant structures end of XVII century the building was richly decorated with brightly colored "in chess" - style of painting, imitating the polished stone masonry. Church of the Holy Spirit in the refectory was built in 1700 on the means of the princess Mary Alekseevny, sister of Peter I. In the XIX century to it were added two chapel.

In the monastery were three gates: the eastern, western and northern. In memory of repelling the attacks of the Crimean Khan Gaza II Giray in 1591 was constructed Gate Church of the All-Merciful Savior. Over the eastern gate was erected in the Gate Church of St. Nicholas.

In 1832 it was decided to build a new tower of the monastery on the funds that donated merchant Ivan Ignatiev. In the original draft tower had to be built in classical style by famous architect N. Tyurin, but at that time already was gaining ground motion for a return to "traditional" architecture for Russia, which led to the construction of a majestic five-storied bell tower height of 90 meters "Russian style" on the draft of another outstanding architect - KA Ton, which was completed in 1839 by the architectural style and location, she reminded convent's bell tower. The largest of the bells hanging from the bell weighed 1,000 pounds. On the fourth floor of the clocks were installed. The bell tower was one of the strongest architectural landmarks of Moscow, his time and visually formed a complete picture of the picturesque bend of the Moskva River, downstream from the city. In 1929 the tower was dismantled.

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The necropolis of the monastery

In the monastery's cathedral were buried Simeon Bekbulatovich - christened Kasimovskij prince, at the whim of Ivan the Terrible "crowned" in 1574 "King and the Grand Duke of All Russia" and a year later he is "deposed". Blinded in 1595 by the intrigues of Boris Godunov, in 1606 he was tonsured at Solovki and died in the Simonov monastery monk named Stephen. Here was buried the son of Dmitry Donskoy Konstantin (in monasticism Cassian), Prince Mstislav, Temkin-Rostov, Suleshevy, boyars Golovin and Buturlina.

On the territory of Simonov monastery was a vast necropolis where were buried the poet DV Venevitinov (1805-1827), writer Aksakov (1791-1859), his son, KS Aksakov (1817-1860), composer A . Alyabyev A. (1787-1851), a famous bibliophile and collector of AP Bakhrushin (1853-1904), uncle of Alexander Pushkin - NL Pushkin, as well as numerous representatives of the old Russian noble families - Zagryazhskie, venison , Durasova, Vadbolsky, Soymonovy, Mouravievs, Islenyeva, Tatisheva, Naryshkins, Shakhovsky.

In 1930 the necropolis was completely destroyed. With its ruined at the Novodevichy cemetery were moved to the remains of the poet DV Venevitinov and writers ST and KS Aksakovs. Reveal the burial of workers struck by the fact that from the left side of his chest Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov in the heart grew root huge birch, covered the entire family tomb Aksakovs.

In place Simonov monastery was built Palace of Culture ZIL.


Monastery of these days

Up to now, only remnants of the buildings Simonov Monastery. From the monastery survived just south wall with three towers: the angular "Dulo (four tiers of combat, stone tent, bunk lookout tower), pentagonal" Blacksmith "and round" Salt ". Also survived "new" refectory with the Church of the Holy Spirit (1677-83, architect I. Potapov, and O. Startsev), fraternal body XVII century, the "old" House of the refectory (1485, XVII century.), Artisans House and outbuildings - solodezhnya "or" sushilo.

Currently being restored refectory and outbuildings and fraternal body are used as workshops, as the surviving walls and towers are in a derelict state.

http://www.rusarch.ru/kuchkin1.htm

[Сталевар]

Сообщение от Tjutchev

Bombings in the night of January 21, exactly on the sixth anniversary of the death of Lenin. On the air soared five of the six churches, including the Assumption Cathedral, bell tower, the gate of the church and tower Guard and Taynitskaya with the surrounding buildings. At working subbotniks were dismantled all the walls of the monastery, except the South, and wiped out all the graves on the territory of the monastery. On the site of the ruins "of the fortress church of darkness," wrote the magazine Ogonyok, in the years 1932-1937 rose the Palace of Culture ZIL ..

http://www.rusarch.ru/kuchkin1.htm

I am sure that my photo shows the same day - blast walls of the monastery.

[Allena]

Tjutchev, speaking of propaganda, I have a special stipulation that does not mean anything bad. I am sure that Simonovskii poems in those years helped thousands of people to survive, to return to wait or, conversely, to overcome in an animal fear and rise ... The memory of the Great Patriotic War is not a single generation would take not just a national memory, a personal, family, clan - like you and me.

Speech in the previous posts, to which Stalevar responded Simonov's poem, was something entirely different.

With regard to the Chechen war, absolutely agree with your arguments, so the question without answering it.

I propose to end this digression and discuss your interesting topic.