American Hasidim freed from Russian religious library

[Eriksson]

Here at Abarinova - like clockwork:
http://grani.ru/opinion/abarinov/m.210731.html


"And I will not give beds and washbasins." About as posted at the time Minister of Culture Alexander Sokolov on brazen carousing governments and individuals, demanding restitution. Since then, Russia's position has not changed significantly. But in vain participants broke out with renewed force debate on the fate of the Schneerson link to the international conventions on displaced art. This library - not moving and not art. Call a meeting of Lubavitcher Hasidim "collection of books and manuscripts" is also wrong.

Lubavitch located on the territory that became part of the Russian Empire in 1772, the first partition of Poland. Then it was the Mogilev province, now Smolensk region. Center for Scholars "Chabad" Lubavitch began in 1813, when the village came to Rabbi Dov Ber, the eldest son of the founder of the teachings of Shneur Zalman.

Shneur Zalman was born in Liozno (now Belarus). In 1798, during the reign of Emperor Paul, denounced by the orthodox Jewish leaders dissatisfied intellectualism of a new branch of Judaism, Rabbi, along with 22 followers, was arrested and taken to St. Petersburg and interrogated by the Secret Chancellery. Nothing in his anti-state activities and teachings found no consequence, and the rabbi was released back home, albeit under strict supervision. Two years later the accusation to "dangerous cult" was repeated, this time aggravated note Gabriel Derzhavin, who traveled to Belarus to investigate the causes of hunger.

The note was titled as follows: "The opinion of disgust at the lack of bread Belarus curb selfish crafts Jews about their transformation and about the rest." President of the Commerce College and poet emphasized "hypocrisy" and "hypocrite" Schneur Zalman, who unquestioningly obey the Hasidim, and added: Many argue that if they are transferred through him silver and gold coins to Palestine in charity affairs there, occasionally coming chayatelno Messi, who hourly expected. But the second arrest ended release. Shneur Zalman Lyady settled in Mogilev province. In 1812 he took the position of the anti-Napoleonic and, according to his son, performed the job Russian military intelligence, and his family left town in the train of the retreating Russian army and died on the way.

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Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn headed Lubavitcher community in 1920, when the Bolsheviks launched a massive crackdown on the religious life, and soon became the leader of Soviet Jewry. Under him, the Jewish community began to receive financial assistance from the U.S. charity "Joint". In 1924, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak moved to Leningrad. He stubbornly refused to emigrate and urged Hasidim not to, even if they had the chance. In 1927, he was arrested and sentenced to death for counter-revolutionary activities. Under pressure from the international community sentence was three years exile in Kostroma, and the link almost immediately - expulsion from the USSR. Facilitate the participation of the Rebbe's first wife was busy Gorky Catherine Peshkov, who led at that time by the Committee for political exiles and prisoners. Yosef Yitzchak first settled in Riga, then moved to Warsaw, remaining leader of the "Chabad", which has the greatest resistance to repression. During the Riga exile he visited the U.S., where he was received at the White House by President Herbert Hoover.

Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn stayed in Warsaw in September 1939, when the city was invaded by German troops. Through the intervention of the U.S. State Department, which was not yet at war with Germany (some sources say that without the involvement of the head of the Abwehr, Admiral Canaris) Schneerson received diplomatic immunity and through Berlin and Riga made it to New York.

By the time World War II in Lubavitch lived just over a thousand Jews. About half of them had time to evacuate to the east. The rest of the arrival of the Germans were herded into ghettos, suffered various tortures and in November 1941, one and all destroyed.

In Schneerson no ancient manuscripts. These are books and manuscripts XVIII-XX centuries. Due to the turbulent events of the first half of the last century, it was fragmented. About 12 thousand volumes Schneerson in 1915, saving it from German attack, sent to Moscow for a private book store. In 1918, this part was nationalized by the Bolsheviks on the nationalization decree library and transferred to the Rumyantsev Library (now the Russian State Library). Another part, about 25,000 pages of manuscripts and documents, Schneerson brought to Latvia and then to Poland, where it was confiscated by the Nazis and ended up in Germany, and after the fall of the Reich as a war trophy returned to the Soviet Union and received the deposit to the Central State Archive of the Red Army (now the Russian State Military Archive).

For the return of the two parts and struggling Lubavitcher Hasidim United States, which is currently chaired by son Yosef Yitzchak Menachem Mendel Schneerson. The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation in 1991, twice ruled in favor of the ruling Hasidim, however, the State Lenin Library, as it was called RSL, refused to honor it. Passions ran high, it came almost to the Hasidim stormed the building. Head of the Department of Manuscripts Victor Derjaguin hid meeting Schneerson and threatened to burn themselves with him. Finally in February 1992, the Plenum of the overturned the decision to return books Hasidim.


Then the congregation moved into the U.S. litigation. In August 2010, a federal district judge Royce Lamberth District of Columbia ruled that the Schneerson be returned. For two centuries, American courts have consistently rejected the private suits to foreign governments. However, in 1976, the Federal Law on the Foreign Sovereign Immunities, which left the question of jurisdiction on the court's discretion. In 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court has set a precedent by taking a case in "The Republic of Austria v. Altmann." Maria Altmann of Austria sought the return of five paintings by Gustav Klimt that were stolen by the Nazis from a private collection and exhibited in the Austrian State Gallery. The Court ruled that Altmann has the right to sue Austria in a U.S. court, which she did and won. U.S. court's judgment as a shock to the Austrians, who believe Klimt their national heritage. The Austrian Government was trying to negotiate with the plaintiff monetary compensation, but she flatly refused. The paintings were transferred legal owner, which quickly sold it sold for $ 327 million.

This precedent and took in July 2010, Judge Lamberth, known for extravagant solutions. Legal representatives of Russia at the hearing absent. The result was the freezing of bilateral exchanges of museum - the Russian side was afraid to send exhibits to the U.S. for fear that they will be confiscated to ensure Hasidic claim.

Culture Minister Alexander Avdeev said that Russia does not intend to enter into negotiations on the Schneerson, until the judgment is reversed. Judge Lambert these statements were, of course, deeply care about. After waiting a year and a half and making sure that the Russian government is not going to do his ruling, he made the decision this week to impose on Russia the fine for contempt of court in the amount of 50 thousand dollars a day. The judge did not heed the counsel of the U.S. government, to convince him that such a decision would harm American interests and, in particular, the diplomatic efforts to return to the library. Now, if the government intends to seek the abolition of regulations Lambert, he will appeal to a higher court.

However, the moratorium on the museum exchanges soon, apparently, can be canceled. The bill, which protects foreign museum exhibits from the court arrests, was adopted by the lower house of Congress the previous parliament, but got stuck in the Senate and now has to be paid again.

The Russian Foreign Ministry has described the judge's decision Lambert as "absolutely illegal and provocative." "Schneerson Collection" - says the statement - historically formed on the territory of our country, is a national treasure of the Russian people and as a state to the Russian Federation uses the jurisdictional immunities. "

But the fact that the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their property adopted by UN General Assembly resolution in December 2004, not yet in force - it requires ratification by 30 countries.

Maybe Hasidim should try to sue the library as a property belonging to a private individual? It's useless. On the prospects of legal claims relating to nationalized property, I wrote.

But if the Schneerson not personal property, not cultural values ​​and not a collection, then what is it? "What is the way out of this outcome?" - As asked gerkulesovets Bomze in the novel, with which we began.

Lubavitcher Hasidim to a religious shrine, the object of veneration. It is in this definition and holds the key to solving the problem. As soon as we stop fooling ourselves and others impenetrable terms, the question of confusing and intractable into a very simple and obvious. The library should be transferred to the Hasidic community in the restitution of church - namely, on the basis of the federal law "On the transfer of property to religious organizations for religious purposes, under state or municipal property".

That's the whole story. And do not be this cheap rhetoric, this willfully disturbance "Russophobic performance".

Convey religious property to religious organizations? That pass.

[Vladimir]

Parallel to give the Austrians a collection of princes Esterhazy. Federal law. Digitize and give.

http://mkrf.ru/ministerstvo/departam...CTION_ID=19318

December 27, 2012 at a meeting of the Russian Government approved the draft federal law "On ratification of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Austria on the transfer of the book collection Esterhazy Republic of Austria."

The bill provides for the ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Austria on the transfer of the book collection Esterhazy Republic of Austria, signed in Moscow on September 21, 2012 The legal basis for the conclusion of the Agreement is to the State Treaty on the restoration of an independent and democratic Austria (Vienna, May 15, 1955).

Now in the collection of rare books-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature named after MI Rudomino are 954 books, 23 more books from the collection of the Esterházy princes - the State Public Historical Library of Russia (of 977 items).

The collection consists of books XV-XVIII centuries of theology, astronomy, history, philosophy, medicine, science, art, law, linguistics, English, Aramaic, Latin, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Hungarian, Greek, Hebrew and other languages .

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In accordance with the Agreement, the funding for insurance, packaging, shipping, collection and conservation imposed on the Austrian side. It also commits to digitize books Esterhazy under constant guidance and supervision of qualified, specially trained experts in the field. These data will be stored on removable storage media and transferred to free use of the Russian Federation.

[Eriksson]

Сообщение от bykinist; 2430661"

KSAT know what percentage amerikosov generally has a passport that would allow them to travel abroad

For your , bykinist, Information Report.
In most Western countries, a passport is the main document of identity. For his appeal for citizens only when they have a need to visit any country where there is no recognized "normal" ID : ID-kort and avtoprava . Such thing as a "foreign " passport does not exist. If a person does not need to travel abroad for a passport , he just does not appeal .
Adult you mister, and such simple things you do not know ! >

[Кирилл Сызранский]

Сообщение от Seriy

Social Security Number

Yeah, except that the card itself SSN Social Security Agency recommends that you keep in a safe place and do not carry it with you unnecessarily.

[Fed]

Сообщение от Seriy; 2430651"

in connection with the law of the orphans brought statistics-USA ranks first in the world in the number of murders of children. There is not so rosy.

Level of homicides for the year 100 000 people:
Russia - 10.2
Ukraine - 5.2
Belarus - 4.9
U.S. - 4.2

«To live with a foster family in Russia in 39 times more dangerous than in the U.S.:
... From 1991 to 2006, ie for 15 years, died in 1220 the adoption of Russian children by citizens. Of these, 12 were killed by their adoptive parents.
During the same period, from 1991 to 2006, in the West in the family foster parents killed 18 Russian children. Knowing the number of children adopted here and in Russia (92 000 and 158 000), we can calculate the relative risk of the adoption of these two worlds. It turns out that one child has died in the 5103 foreign families. In Russian families, the ratio is 1 dead baby for 130 families. That is, the adopted children in Russian families live in 39 times more dangerous than foreign.

Total kills ... minors. 1343 event on the 71.6 million children in the U.S. and two thousand to 25 million children in Russia. As a result, we get one murder of a child by 54 thousand people in the U.S. and one murder on 12.5 thousand - in Russia. Total ratio of 1:4,3. Ie the chances of a child being killed in Russia is 4.3 times higher than in the U.S.. "

Сообщение от bykinist; 2430661"

get a foreign passport first, and then we'll talk.

We are not in our delusions sivyh?

Сообщение от bykinist; 2430661"

know what percentage amerikosov generally has a passport that would allow them to travel abroad

Passports have 15%of Russians. Ie - the Iron Curtain, even in Egypt.
"Motherland is not elected, my son ..."

In the U.S., only in 2007 was the number of passports issued by the close-18.3 million
 Bureau of Consular Affairs at the US State Department: "More than a third of Americans have a passport."
That they were not needed previously, is understandable, as to the neighbors, they went without.

[Fed]

Сообщение от artcol; 2431051"

What's the topic , then , remind ...

It is easy to be solved. 25 thousand pages of manuscripts have been seized by the Nazis in Poland Schneerson . After 1945, exported from Germany to the Soviet Union.
Now you have to decide - by the laws of the Russian Federation - who belong to the Nazis seized the manuscript.
The answer is clear about when we remember the arbitration decision of the RSFSR.
But it is better to consult a local on the current situation.

[artcol]

Сообщение от Fed

according to the laws of the Russian Federation

I'm afraid it is not solved.


For example, the court of the Russian Federation can not accept the case for the prescription of events.

[Кирилл Сызранский]

Сообщение от Fed

After 1945, exported from Germany to the Soviet Union.

And discovered there was this part of the library in Shneerzona
 
Russian State Military Archive only in the mid-2000s.

Добавлено через 1 час 47 минут
Oh, you do not meddle in Russia, Hasidim!
You are already disliked in Russia.
It's not vazhego impact zone.
Forget his Schneerson.

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It is not that our Russian authorities
Defended his foundation to the end,
In his library, partly
Studying Kabbalah or Torah.


They are familiar with the Kabbalah and Torah
Is to anything, to be honest,
For steering the country in which
Bondage already everywhere.


It is not that it is our right to -
We are spiritual and without this treasure.
Just a very, you know, vpadlu
To give you even that is not necessary.


And as these measures are adequate
Frowned on our Themis ...
We are here seen examples
Leave that Schneerson, Hasidim.


We are so annoying, evoked -
Not for nothing are we going through simulators! -
That an external call offensive
Meet here crackdown on us though.


For your courage and desire to shock rats
Okolotok native rap.
You took a little Magnitsky list
As we've got punished orphans.


You demanded a fine - a hundred thousand!
We see your little ten rozham.
Themselves to us and we have a whip,
For to you is something we can not answer!


And what f adequate measures
We get any of your books, Hasidim?
Ograblyayutsya whether pensioners
Euthanized if all persons with disabilities?


Your methods, I note without mockery,
Respected here and so is not specified,
But you can not, that the books of Rabbi
Dying here orphans half!


So do not sew as we care Hasidim,
Tireless defenders of the faith,
Otherwise, for such offenses
We will arrange the appropriate action.

To return to our children not to suffer
And not for nothing wasted your tyscham,
We Hasidim adequate response
If only there Hasid shall find.

(a)

[Кирилл Сызранский]

State Duma ratified the agreement between the governments of Russia and Austria on the transfer from Moscow to the book collection of the Austro-Hungarian Esterházy princes, RIA "Novosti".

With 226 votes required for ratification votes 236, against - 150 deputies. The criticism made by ratifying the three opposition parties.

The agreement was signed in Moscow on 21 September 2012. According to the document, later Austria takes over the settlement of claims of any nature with regard to books Esterhazy. Now nearly 1000 books in this collection is in the All-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature named Rudomino, another 23 - the State Public Historical Library. Esterhazy book collection consists of unique items XV - XVIII centuries for a variety of science, law and the arts in Aramaic, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and other languages.

The collection was moved from Austria to the Soviet Union in 1945. The first eight books of the collections were received by the Library of Foreign Literature in August 1949. In 1952 the library was transferred to another 700 books from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, the Institute of International Relations and the Central Naval library.

The most valuable books from the library of the Esterházy princes digitized at the Library of Foreign Literature named Rudomino. In 2011, the Russian government has allocated 13 million rubles for the digitization of 309 most valuable books from the library of Esterhazy.

Esterhazy collection is very valuable - there are unique books that are rich family of patrons gathered from the XV century. Among them - written on almost all European languages, works on philosophy, theology, art, mathematics, theology and alchemy. Of which there are 11 in the collection of incunabula - books printed in Europe from the beginning of printing to the beginning of the XVI century. There are only 500 000 incunabula.
      
(a)

[zarajara]

Сообщение от Cyril Syzran

And discovered there was this part of the library in Shneerzona
 Russian State Military Archive only in the mid -2000s .

I watched on the transfer of "culture." As I remember it said that most of the books has been placed from the start , so that now it can not determine - they were part of a collection Shneerzona or not.