Images Felix Yusupov - Rasputin's murderer

[uriart]

The last years of life AA Vyrubova held in Finland.

[Кирилл Сызранский]

Finland during the life of Anna Alexandrovna Taneyev-Vyrubova:

[tchaika]

What a wonderful picture of Anna Vyrubova (Taneyev)!

[tchaika]

Three months of imprisonment under the Provisional Government, three years in prison under the Bolsheviks ...
"Sister Anne's mother Vyrubova, living abroad, organized for the big money shoot Anna Alexandrovna with his mother in Finland.
January 10, 1921, two Finns, on horse-drawn sleigh rides high on ice flown Anna Alexandrovna with her mother on the Finnish coast.
They drove across the ice last. After them walked the icebreaker "Ermak", cutting through the ice ...

Immediately after his escape from Russia, she began to write the first book of his memoirs, to tell about the reality of those times, to reconcile people with the king, as requested by it, Maxim Gorky, about myself.
Memories came out in 1923 in Finnish, Swedish and English. In Finland, it was published under the title "Memories of the Russian Court and the Revolution in Russia -" Pages of my life. "

Living in Finland was safe, but was accompanied by both material and physical difficulties, and domestic tribulations.
Another culture, another language, living with strangers, whose idea of her emerged on the basis of newspaper information. She was considered the culprit of the tragedy of Russia, called the mistress of Rasputin, a shrewd schemer, who has a friendship with the empress was considerable political power. From the fellow she is experiencing alienation, contempt. Added to this is material deprivation, reaching the poor. In addition, disease of legs and body after a train crash and shattered state of mind after the events, arrests and prison.

Living in Vyborg, she met with Bishop Alexander Vyborg. During the war, Vyborg Department moved to Helsinki, and friendship with him lasted throughout her life in Finland.
At the same time, Anna makes frequent trips to the Valaam monastery, where he strikes up a friendship with ieroshimonahom Ephraim and shiigumenom John. Visits Balaam and spiritual conversations with ieroshimonahom Ephraim, Anna stepped up decision to become a monk. Back in St. Petersburg, she made a vow to God that if her mother can safely go over to Finland, she left of her life to God.
Anna was an invalid, her disabled and not accustomed to hard agricultural work, they could not get into acting in Finland Lintulovsky nunnery.
The soft-hearted father of Ephraim still wanted to help his spiritual daze in her spiritual quest. November 14, 1923 is her secret monastic tonsure with the name Maria in honor of Saints Mary Magdalene Church, the celebration which takes place a week Holy Myrrh-bearers and 4 August on the church calendar. Vows took place in Smolensk monastery of Valaam monastery, Abbot of the Valaam monastery, Abbess Pavlin. The spiritual father of her becoming Hieroschemamonk Ephraim (Hrobostov). It was her supreme, regular, secret, no one understood the victim to die for the world and its temptations, for a solitary silence and prayer for the salvation of souls, for their loved ones for their people and homeland, for the whole world.

The last years of life in Vyborg overshadowed by illness and death of the mother.
Anna wrote in her memoirs about her parents: "Despite the travel and education, most of us, children still bring up our parents. The greatest joy for us was to be in their circle, and they for their part, we dedicate each free time. Under the influence of our parents, of us grew people who love art and everything beautiful. Belief in God, attendance at the service, blameless life, praying for us have been relying on my life path. Our father stressed the importance for human sense of duty and called us into all cases of life to follow their conscience. He was selflessly devoted to the Throne and his Sovereign; the same dedication we have borrowed from him, as he took it from his ancestors. "

In the small apartment of Anna in Helsinki, under the leadership of Bishop Alexander, immigrants gathered for talks on spiritual topics. Basically they were spiritually wards elder John, residing in Helsinki.
Despite the scant, sometimes harsh life, when absolutely no means of livelihood, bringing defamation, contempt, estrangement countrymen suffering the disease, according to eyewitnesses, there was no bitterness. She was a gentle person, or who is never blamed, silently, bore all the hardships of life. This helped her, gave strength to endure, and endure all the way her beloved Empress.

During the summer, outdoors, away from the noise of the city, Anna painted, paint watercolors, which are bestowed or sold for a small fee friends, such as facilitating their miserable existence. She made herself Easter and Christmas cards ...

The daughter of parents of noble birth, who served all the Russian Tsars, as she was, at the end of life, apparently, had the money only on the coffin and the grave. The monument on her grave was raised Orthodox Church Community Helsingfors parish.

[dedulya37]

Сообщение от tchaika

Under the influence of our parents, of us grew people who love art and everything beautiful.

Сообщение от tchaika

Our father stressed the importance for human sense of duty and called us in all cases of life to follow their conscience

Beautiful words! You can take as an epigraph to his own life.

[tchaika]

Anna Vyrubova some described as: "a rosy-cheeked, thick, roughly knocked together, with shiny hair, a thick nose and big blue eyes on the full naive person Vyrubova dressed simply and tasteless, not interested in money. It was believed that the mind, it does not shine. Explorer, "an ideal platter," "she does not understand" - such were the comments of some people with it to communicate.

"However, the" Notes "Vyrubova - writes historian A. Alekseev, - show: it was quite insightful and saw the real situation better than many politicians ».

In 1920 the USSR began to publish the so-called "Diary of Vyrubova, but its falsity was exposed almost immediately, even by Soviet critics and scholars. Since the "Diary" was reprinted and abroad, with a public refutation of its authenticity had to make the most Vyrubova. Attributes to it and a number of forged letters, concocted in the Soviet era.

The most likely authors of "Diary" are considered to be a Soviet writer ("The Red Earl") Alexei Tolstoy (1883 - 1945) and professor of history (the historian of literature and the revolutionary movement) Paul Yeliseyevich Shchyogolev (1877-1931), co-wrote in the same period of the play The plot of the Empress "with a very similar plot and keynotes. In the book, head of the Federal Archival Service of Russia, Corresponding Member of RAS VP Kozlov written on this subject: "The totality of elements of the" cover "falsification, rich factual material suggests that the pen forger in the hands of a professional historian, is not only perfectly navigate the facts and the historical sources turn of the century, but also owned the relevant skills. The very first criticism alluded to the name of a famous literary critic and historian, and bibliographer archeographer PE Shchegoleva ". Problems of high politics associated with the destinies of nations and peoples, cheredavalis there with tales of court intrigue, with greasy details of the intimate life of the representatives of aristocratic society, with a retelling of gossip, rumors, and quotations from numerous documents, including a personal nature.

Got to the point that the publication of the "Diary" in "Vanished Days" interposed the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) to close the magazine and enter the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the inadmissibility of publishing a journal without the consent of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). However, further from the note can be seen that just is not possible spurious nature of the document troubled Central Committee apparatus. "Importantly, - emphasized the then Acting Head of the press department of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) NI Smirnov, - that, regardless of the authenticity or spuriousness of the diary, the latter is extremely vulgar instrument. The whole point of this diary is a spicy relish various court life, in Rasputin and so on.

[tchaika]

"... Alexei Tolstoy was not interested in the political destiny of their country, - who knew the writer wrote JP Annenkov. - He did not try to become an official propagandist of Marxism-Leninism ... Laughter, he simply wanted to return to the carefree life, abundant and peaceful. Living abroad, expatriate life did not meet such desires, despite the success of his plays in Paris and other possible success in the future ... I again met with Tolstoy in 1937, in Paris, where he arrived a few days as a noble Soviet tourists, "Soviet graph. We spent several hours alone.

- Understand me - he said - sometimes I feel I experienced on our way home some sort of psychological or, rather, pathological deformation. But did you know that people who were born there in 1917, the year celebrated in October, and who is now twenty years old, for them it does not "strain" as the most natural "formation": the Soviet formation ...

I am a cynic - he continued - I do not care! I - a mere mortal, who wants to live, live well, and that's it. My literary creativity? Me and him do not care! It is necessary to write propaganda pieces? Damn it, I'll write them! But it is not as easy as you might think. We must stick together so many different shades! I wrote my "Azefs", and he fell into a hole. I wrote "Peter the Great", and he too fell into the same trap. While I was writing it, you see, the "father of nations" reviewed the history of Russia. Peter the Great was without my knowledge "proletarian king" and the prototype of our Joseph! "

I copied over, in agreement with the discoveries of the Party, and now I am preparing the third and, hopefully, the last variation of this thing, because the second variation is also not satisfied with our Joseph. I can already see me all the Ivan the Terrible and other Rasputins rehabilitated, who became Marxists and glorified. I do not care! This amuses me even gymnastics! It must, indeed, be an acrobat. Mishka Sholokhov, Alexander Fadeev, Ilya Erenbryuki - all acrobats. But they - not columns. And I - the count, damn it! And we know (so that she burst!) Was able to give too little acrobats! Understand?

My share is very difficult ...

- What is it? Confession or talk? - I asked.

- Understand what you like, - said Tolstoy "(YP Annenkov Diary of my meetings. The cycle of tragedies. T. 2. M., 1991. Pp 128-129).

[tchaika]

Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1937, the writer received letters from its readers. Here is one of them:

"Alexei Tolstoy! Today I took down your picture and tore it to shreds. The most bitter in the world - a disappointment. The worst - the loss of a friend. Both I experienced today. Yesterday I, if I may say so, salute you. I put you above Gorky thought you were the biggest and honest artist ... You seemed to me a tool that never, in no circumstances may issue a false note. And suddenly I heard instead of a beautiful melody choking squeal with delight the fat pig, who heard the splash of mud in my tub ... I'm talking about your novel, "Bread", the contents of which I read in the Literary Gazette (30 October. 1937). I felt ashamed, bitter and very, very painful. You're very observant, intelligent, sensitive man with a big heart, you wrote "Viper", "Love," "Road to Calvary," "cold night", so you knew how to convey the whole "nice weight of love" which has penetrated the secret of secrets the human soul, and with a skilled master of the complicated mechanics of life ...

And then you come in a pack of howling, foaming at the mouth of sycophants, hypocrites, smashing his forehead against zeal shriekers ... Can not you see the objective reality? Where is your eagle vigilance? Andre Gide for two months in the USSR was able to discern what is not seen you, living here permanently. Shame on you to join the chorus, shouting, "we have a bright, happy, happy life, given us a favorite of Stalin." Do not you feel the whole stifling atmosphere in which suffocates 170 million Soviet people? Can not you see the literal poverty throughout the Union? Or are you out of touch with real life? Across the country, the wave spread over reaction. The best people, devoted to Lenin's idea, honest and incorruptible, are sitting behind bars, they are arrested by the thousands, they shoot, they can not move Meanness grandiose, triumphant throughout the country, leaving themselves out of life, commit suicide ...

History ... As her pervert! For the sake of immense ambition of Stalin's fraudulent historical facts. And you, too, made her slender hand, too, have the habit of yes-men. Indeed, in "Bread" you smuggles assertion that the revolution succeeded only because of Stalin. Do you even learns from Lenin Stalin ... It's reception tricksters. This meanness of the best brands!

Tyranny and violence leave bloody footprints on Soviet soil. The dictatorship of the proletariat into a dictatorship of Stalin. Fear - that's the dominant feeling, which covers the citizens of the USSR. And you do not see? Your eyes tightened Zhirkov personal well-being, or you live in an ivory tower? .. See what comedy - these elections to the Supreme Council ... After all, no one believes them. To be elected by the people pleasing to the CC, CPSU (b). The appointment system, but not an election, it's a fact ... The party moved away from the masses, it has become a dictatorial party. We are honest people do not go to the party. They go into it only careerists and people are unscrupulous, amoral ...

How do you not notice that sparkling idea Lenin Stalin replaced by frantic efforts to retain power. Where is the magnificent pathos, which in October moved millions in a deadly battle? " Under the fetid breath of Stalin and sang like these, as you age-old idea of socialism withered like a wild flower in the sweaty hands of a scoundrel! And you, the engineer of the human soul, a coward turned inside out and we saw the ugly innards corrupt borzopistsa.

You are seeing the vacant seat vacated after the death of Maxim Gorky, to take him, sprawled in the dust, crawling on his belly, hurt his forehead before Stalin, his solo hymns. Where is your fairness? Where honesty of the artist? Go to the people, like Haroun al-Rashid and listen to a sensitive ear. And you will hear a curse and resentment at Stalin. That's where the real truth!

Or maybe you have been feeding? Caressed, sheltered, they say, Alyosha, write about Stalin. And Alyosha wrote. Oh, what a burning shame!

Look around and you'll see that the sky over the country prepares a storm. The people will not tolerate mockery of themselves over the idea of socialism, he hit presumptuous, impudent bunch of despots. Even now, as the rumble of distant thunder, hear the echoes everywhere unrest among the masses. Stalin is heard. He knows that he has not long to reign. And with him went into hysterics. He does not feel well-grounded. Mass terror - it's proof of weakness.

The time will come and the wind of history will throw you on a pedestal, as a literary prostitute. Know that even now, when people read your "bread", they will see that they were mistaken in you and experience the frustration and bitterness, what I feel now.

I do as an artist truly loved. Now I am no less sincerely hate. I hate how a friend who was a traitor ...

Unknown. November 1937 "(" What to do with us? .. "Letters to A. Tolstoy //links. Historical almanac. Vol. 1. M., 1991. Pp 521-523).

[uriart]

It was published in the 30's?

[tchaika]

Preserved deputy archive writer, many of whom are writing. 400 of the 600 surviving letters to Tolstoy (a candidate for deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the deputy) in one degree or another reflect the events of the Great Terror. http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_t/tolstoi_an.php

Alexei Tolstoy, in exile, spoke with the anti-Soviet position (he emigrated in 1918, lived in Germany and France, returned to his homeland in 1923).

After the return of the writer in the Soviet Union, Stalin, seeing that Tolstoy "its color red", ordered on the recommendation of Maxim Gorky, to bring him to publish popular collections on the Civil War (J. Stalin, Collected Works, Vol. Moscow, 1949. T. 12. p. 175). Soon Tolstoy was one of the favorite writers leader.

For a variety of sources, namely, Tolstoy was the chief author (along with historian Shchegolev) falsification Diary Vyrubova "- vulgar and dirty fakes.

Being a very talented writer who enjoyed enormous popularity and strongly advocated by the Soviet party press. Well he lived a great lord, having received from the authorities all the blessings which only wanted to. It was littered with every imaginable and unimaginable honor (winner of the Stalin Prize in 1941 and 1943.), Has received close to Gorky's palace in the Little Nikita own personal "little house". He was given two vehicles: one - the Party Central Committee, the other - the Leningrad Council. At a luxurious villa Tolstoy in the government Moscow suburb of Barvikha often found in hospitable table eminent composers, musicians, artists, and "right people". After the death of Maxim Gorky, he firmly took the place of the patriarch of Soviet literature. "Genuine Count", he was affectionately nicknamed the leaders of the revolution "worker-peasant Count", "Friend of Earl", "our Soviet Count"

During Stalin's processes with AA Fadeev, PA Pavlenko and others signed the letter, which stated: "We demand the ruthless punishment for selling home to traitors, spies and assassins." As one of the few who lived in the Soviet writer of world renown used propaganda to speak at international conferences. Part of the Soviet commission to establish and investigate the atrocities the Nazis, who acknowledged that the Polish officers in Katyn shot by the Germans. "

"Like acrobat-rope Tolstoy lived for many years, teetering on the edge of the moral abyss. So he portrayed in the trilogy Fedin - "The first joy," "extraordinarily dis-cussion summer" and "Fire". Painted themselves into a trap of lies and evasions trap bailout, the artist was unable to break free of them. But attempts have been made many times. And one of the breakthroughs, of course, was Stalin a letter in defense of Ivan Bunin on the eve of the war. And Tolstoy did not stop even the fear of the unknown, when he stood up for the writer who has emigrated to the capricious ruler. He threw injections of pride, deep-rooted resentment, jealousy, rivalry. Tolstoy was thinking only about the interests of Russian culture, the fate of the outstanding master "(Oklyansky Yu affair with a tyrant. M., 1994. 56, 58).

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A cousin of Anna Vyrubova-Taneyev - famous composer Sergei Taneyev (1856, Vladimir - 1915, Dyutkovo near Zvenigorod), the acknowledged head of the Moscow school.
Pianist, pedagogog, composer, scholar, music and social activist.
The father of Anna Alexandrovna, composer, amateur and state officials, is his uncle.
Composer Taneyev's great legacy of the scale and variety of genres are represented, and opera, and symphonies, and vocal lyricism. The most significant achievements related to choral, cantata genres and chamber ensembles. His work marked the depth and nobility of ideas, high ethical and philosophical orientation, self-restraint of expression, mastery of thematic and polyphonic development.

SI Taneyev graduated from the Moscow Conservatory where he studied under Nikolai Rubinstein (piano) and Tchaikovsky (composition). He performed in concerts as a pianist, soloist and ensemble.
The first performer of many piano works by Tchaikovsky, performer of his own compositions. He worked as a professor and later director of the Moscow Conservatory, where he conducted classes of harmony, orchestration, piano, composition, polyphony, the musical form.

Among pupils SI Taneyev: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Scriabin, Nikolai Medtner, Reinhold Gliere, Konstantin Igumnov, George Konyus, Sergei Potocki, Vsevolod Zaderatsky, Boleslaw Leopoldovich Jaworski.
Taneyev was made in support of the young composer Sergei Prokofiev.