Psychology and Psychiatry artists

[Fed]

Freud: «It is my deep conviction that the greatest degree we are only captures the idea of the artist, how he managed to put it in the product and how it can be understood by us. And understood not only rational way, we must once again feel the affects of those artists, a special state of his psyche, something that spurred him to a creative act and re-reproduced in us. But can not solve the plan of the artist, to clothe it in words, like other facts of mental life?
And to understand the concept, you must first identify the meaning and content of what is portrayed in a work of art, that is, to interpret it. "

In a letter to one of his closest associates, Charles Abraham, send him an expressionist painting: "Dear friend, I got the picture, which supposedly shows you. It's awful. I know. You are - an excellent man, and I was even more shocking that such a slight flaw in your character, such as tolerance or sympathy for contemporary "art" probably took you so deeply. I have heard from Lample that, according to the artist, the way he sees you. Such as it is only in extreme cases should be allowed within the circles of psychoanalysts, because they are the unintended illustration of the theory of Adler, that is people with severe congenital defects of vision becomes an artist and painter. Let me forget about this portrait. "

In 1938, after his visit to Salvador Dali, who was recommended to Freud by his friend Stefan Zweig: "Actually I want to thank you for your presentation yesterday's visitor. Until now, I was inclined to regard the surrealists, who seem to have chosen me as his patron, usual lunatics or, say, 95%of "ordinary" alcoholics. But the young Spaniard, with his obviously sincere and fanatical eyes, with his superb technical skill brought a different assessment. It would be really interesting to learn from the positions of the origin of psychoanalysis, a painting. "

For Freud, the psyche is initially subject to the pleasure principle: "Foremost among these pleasures with the help of imagination should enjoy works of art.
Art - a game that delivers fun with a free from the limitations of mental activity. Art is called deep unconscious motivations of its creator, and the effect of the artwork associated with the release of the viewer or reader of a similar mental stress. "

Their unconscious desire artist in the creative process softens, masks, and this "captivates us purely formal, that is aesthetic, pleasure." Deeply impressed by the artwork should be preceded by "bait", "lured by pleasure" of artistic form.
All of aesthetic pleasure, gives us the artist is in the nature of such preliminary pleasure and genuine enjoyment of the artwork comes from ease tensions in our minds. Perhaps this is what contributes to the fact that the artist leads us into a state of enjoying our own fantasies, this time without reproach and without shame "

The artist is different from ordinary human power of internal drives, which are suppressed reality, so he, like the neurotic, is drawn to the world of fantasies, dreams, there to find a replacement for unmet needs.
The artist thanks to its highly developed ability to switch the sublimation energies of the lowest instincts in artistic activities, and establishes the relationship of the world of his dreams, desires and the real world. Thus, according to Freud, he avoids the neurosis, and, moreover, helps viewers get rid of their internal stresses.

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Cesare Lombroso:
Influenced by the loss of reason people never who got into the hands of the brush, usually made by artists, rather than the real artists again take up the brush.

Alcoholics are always abused by yellow paint.
Also known case in which an alcoholic painter has lost all ability to distinguish colors and before studied in the use of only one white paint for his paintings, which he wrote in the intervals between periods of hard drinking, which became the first artist in all of France, part of winter, the northern landscape. Cretins, idiots, feeble-minded or features figurines of children, or continually reproduce the same pattern, such as Grande, although they sometimes exhibit remarkable abilities in coloring and drawing arabesques: I myself happened twice to see the nerds, beautifully painted ciphers.
Often, even people in good condition, did not feel any inclination towards art, after the disease suddenly begin to engage in drawing and all the harder at the moment of its greatest development.

One canon, who had no first no idea about the architecture, becoming lipemanyakom, began to organize from cardboard and papier-mache ambitious, surprisingly elegant model of the temples, amphitheatres.
Scene Selection is determined by the nature of many mental disorders: lipemanyak drew constantly man with a skull in his hand a woman having megalomania, certainly put the image of the deity in their embroideries; monomanyaki mostly enjoyed what some posters to refer to torture them imaginary disasters.

One of the characteristics of art crazy almost constant use of written characters, along with drawings, and in the latter - the abundance of characters, characters. Need to add the word or picture, individually are not strong enough to express this idea with the desired clarity and completeness.

Many, especially in erotomanyakov, quadriplegics and insane, figures differ sheer indecency. Sometimes, these artists are trying to disguise the cynicism of their drawings and explain the imaginary demands of the art itself.
Curious phenomenon was represented by two of the painter, one of Turin, the other from Reggio, who suffered from delusions of grandeur: they both had the desire to sin of Sodom, based on the insane idea that they - the gods that rule the world, created by them in the same way as birds lay eggs . One of them has a remarkable talent, and even portrayed himself in the painting, paint, at the time of such a world, completely naked, in the midst of women and various symbols of his power.

Common feature of most of the works of insane amounts of useless, unnecessary work for themselves, which is confirmed by the dictum Gekarta: "Labor to build to anything inappropriate things - exercise, proper to just crazy." You might think that crazy like a genius artists, too, adhere to the theory of art for art's sake, only a perverted sense.

We also found insane breaks in the association of ideas, as seen, for example, from the fact that one of them, wanting to portray the marriage in Cana, beautifully painted all the apostles, and instead of Christ figure - a huge bouquet of flowers.
Paralytic usually can not cope with the dimensions of the depicted objects, so that the chickens come at them the same size with the horses, cherries - with melons, or whether, despite all the careful finish, figure out some kind of sloppy, just pictures drawn by children. One lunatic who believes that he second Vernet, for images of horses spent only four features, while the other drew all the figures upside down.
Some, particularly in monomanyakov, we see the contrary, it is too great abundance of petty details, so that the desire to more accurately express the idea of the figure they make it completely incomprehensible. At the same landscape, for example, placed in Turin between not taken at an exhibition of paintings at vidnevshemsya far field, all blades of grass clearly separated from one another, or in a huge picture of hatching was done the same fine as a small figure with a pencil.
Sometimes, besides abundance of detail seen yet complete absence of perspective, as, for example, in the figure, reproduced here with woodcuts, where all the individual parts are made entirely correct, but because of sheer lack of prospects in general goes some confusion. You may think that it drew a true artist, but who studied in China or ancient Egypt.

Some of the crazy evince an amazing talent for imitation, the ability to capture the look of the object, for example, they definitely make rubbings facade of the hospital, animal heads, but these, although very thorough, figures are usually devoid of elegance and reminiscent of infant state of the art. I happened to see that these pictures often come out quite successful in idiots and cretins who probably are in the intellectually on a par with primitive people.
Many are constantly reproduce the same plot. The latter circumstance explains the fact that the mentally ill and even totally obsessed sometimes reach a considerable degree of perfection in his drawings as a result of constant repetition of well-known story. Crazy, always drawing some ships, finally becomes an actor in their pictures.

Images crazy