Artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Paris and his women

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Count de Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri Marie Raymond de (1864-1901) - French painter, one of the brightest representatives of post-impressionism.

  Born in an old aristocratic family. As a child, twice fell from his horse and broke both legs and his life remained crippled. This physical defect left its imprint on the future life of the artist. Interest in drawing awoke under the influence of artist R. Prenseto. He studied in Bonn, L. (1883) and F. Cormon (1884 - 1885). Great influence on the formation of his creative manner has art Edgar Degas and Japanese prints.

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the artist's early works, which are represented mostly by his close friends and relatives ( "The Countess Tulu-Lautrec at breakfast in Malrome," 1883; "Countess Adele de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1887 - both at the Museum of Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi ), written with the use of impressionistic techniques, but the desire to master the most truthful, sometimes ruthlessly, to convey the individual characteristics of each of its model indicates a fundamentally new understanding of man's image ( "Young Woman Seated at the table", 1889, Collection of Van Gogh, Laren; "Washerwoman", 1889, Meeting of Dort, Paris).

In the future, A. de Toulouse-Lautrec improving techniques and methods for the transfer of psychological models, while retaining an interest in the reproduction of their unique appearance ( "The Cafe", 1891, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; "La Goulue, a member of the Moulin Rouge , 1891-1892, Museum of Modern Art, New York). Satirical view of the artist on the world theater, night cafes, artistic bohemia of Paris and the sunken frequenters of brothels is reflected in the grotesque exaggeration, which he uses when writing such films as "The Dance at the Moulin Rouge (1890, private collection)," Lessons Valenta with the new girls at the Moulin Rouge (1889-1890, Art Museum, Philadelphia), etc.

To contemporaries A. de Toulouse-Lautrec was primarily a psychological portrait of the master and creator of theatrical posters.

All of his portraits can be divided into two groups: the first model as opposed to the viewer and looks him straight in the eye ( "Justine Del, 1889, Musée d'Orsay, Paris;" Portrait of Monsieur Boileau, approx. 1893, Cleveland Museum of Art ), the second is presented in a familiar atmosphere, reflecting her daily activities, occupation or habits ( "Living in the Chateau de Malrome, 1886-1887," Desiree Dio (Reading the newspaper in the garden), 1890 - both in the museum of Toulouse -Lautrec, Albi, "Portrait of Madame de Gorttsikoff, 1893, private collection). To all the viewers' attention was focused on the inner world of his model, he makes the external features less sharp, vague, uses an abstract background, but in later scenes - landscape or some household items and situations that reveal the true nature of his characters.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was never interested in the impact of light on the surface of objects depicted, but his palette gradually lightens, and the subtle combination of colors, mostly green and purple, will be the hallmark of most of his work.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec never embellish their models, but even his most "serious" portraits have always felt sympathy for the artist, expressed in concise form a few vigorous strokes ( "WC (redhead), 1889, Musee d'Orsay, Paris, Rue de Moulin, 1894, National Gallery of Art, Washington).

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec made a great contribution to the emergence of the genre Billboard, his work was highly appreciated by his contemporaries. During his life he painted about 30 posters ( "Jane Avril in Jardin de Paris, 1893;" Divan japonais ", 1893 - both at the Museum of Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi), which is most clearly expressed his great talent painter. The artist has a brilliant line that makes her fanciful twist on the contour model and the dictates of the moment, creating works that differ exquisite decorative.

Many remember the Orsay museum exhibition at the Tretyakov Gallery, which was held in 2006 at the Crimean Val. It was exhibited 2 paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), Red (per toilet) "(1889) and" Justine Del "(1888). Probably already been conceived a separate exhibition of the artist's work, but to complete her training came only in 2008. Exhibition entitled "Pleasures of Paris" took place in early 2009 in the Engineering building of the Tretyakov Gallery.

In 1889 in Paris, was opened "Moulin Rouge", at the entrance of which were exhibited two works by Toulouse-Lautrec, and later he ordered a poster cabaret, it was the first order posters for the painter. Not surprisingly, the exhibition halls are decorated in a wine-red color, since "Moulin Rouge" - a red mill, at the exhibition you will not forget.
Many will be surprised that the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery at one time was the work of Toulouse-Lautrec, Yvette Guilbert from the collection of MA Morozov. Now on exhibition presents 83 works. Question may arise - how many works from Russian collections? One. This tempera work "The lady at the window" (1889) from the Museum of Fine Arts. Whole pieces of the original two graphs in the exhibition, besides the work of the Pushkin Museum, more "Toulouse-Lautrec, who reads the newspaper" (1891) from the Collection of the Foundation Pierre Dzhanadda.
81 work of Toulouse-Lautrec - Printed Art: lithography brush, pencil, pencil and brush, sprayed with and without. The artist has used up to six colors, which is an indicator of the most complicated lithographic technique. Printed schedule is different treatment from the viewer. How many prints were made, who made them? When the artist's life or after?
The collection, which show at the Tretyakov Gallery, owned by the Library of the National Institute for Art History in Paris. Library presents works from the collection of Jacques Ducey (1853-1929), this famous French couturier well versed in contemporary art, he and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec were contemporaries. Of course, Ducey tried to select the best copies of lithographs for the cabinet of engravings, which was organized with his multi-volume library. But since going to the collection, to complete the submission of creativity as it included the first impressions, and further. Total in library 220 lithographs of the artist, the exhibition selected 82 works, all of them have been restored.
Here and familiar to all subjects with Jane Avril, La Goulue, Loy Fyuller, Sha-U-Kao, Yvette Guilbert. The audience knows them on posters, which are stored in the collection of many museums. In 2006 a large exhibition of posters held in the Museum of Fine Arts, where it was shown several works by Toulouse-Lautrec. The exhibition at the Tretyakov Gallery familiar stories appeared in a different light. Large limited edition posters were designed to be plastered around the city only for the time they were made on thin paper, which eventually changed the color, also changed the colors and paint. Lithographs by Toulouse-Lautrec made on special thick paper for artwork, which is less exposed to the ravages of time. In addition, Paris has not issued before the library from its collection of more than 10 works, that is rarely exhibited works and not yet familiar with a wide audience.
Themes for the creation of Toulouse-Lautrec is not very wide. It portrays women, scenes of theater, cafe, cabaret, circus, on vacation, sometimes sketched animals. Sometimes, the artist is looking for a great subject for art, hoping to write something substantial, and in everyday moments can not see the theme for art. For Toulouse-Lautrec theme becomes the head turn, look, gesture, touch, kiss, relationships, or lack thereof.

The exhibition is complemented photographs of heroes and heroines, who wrote and painted by Toulouse-Lautrec. This is a rare reception for an art exhibition, but in the case of Toulouse-Lautrec, it is absolutely justified. Artist ironically not only in his works, but in photographs, for example, "wrote Mr. de Toulouse-Lautrec portrait of Mr. MPSF" (1892).