The writer Daniel Granik: "We will have a layer of rich, living immoral, brazen, defiant"
Tatiana Esaulova
The upcoming 65 th anniversary of Victory in Great Patriotic War Channel "Culture" is preparing a series of prime, as well as retrospectives of war movies, concert programs ... Specially for the "Izvestia" Tatiana Esaulova talked with the patriarch of our literature Daniil Granin created for the channel "Culture" several documentary series about the war, fate and conscience.
question: Daniil, you avoid journalists and are reluctant to give interviews, but do not repeat: "Modesty - a direct path to oblivion" ...
A: I have this expression absolutely agree, but I feel sorry for wasting time on all sorts of secular and social responsibilities. When less publicity, more than enough time to work, and I think that is the most important. I would even say this: more time left to loneliness. I miss loneliness, so something to consider, to understand something ...
in: Today, the military theme reveals different - from the documentary genre to fiction. How to find the right tone when talking about the Great Patriotic War in our time?
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A: All depends on the artist. Sokurov's new film "We read the book of the siege" is made in accordance with the Book of the Siege, which we wrote with Adamovich. Sokurov is invited to read it not actors, but simply people of different professions, different levels of education. It was for me a revelation. Waiter, a historian, military, reading excerpts from the Book of the Siege, see, feel the events quite differently. Read in the present, experiencing. These 10-15 people suddenly wiped the dust of time with these texts.
Q: How do you think, do we need the whole truth about the Great Patriotic War?
A: We do not know what the truth about the war. Germans write their own truth, we - his own. The Germans had many years of talking about themselves as victims. And for us it looks quite strange, because we were the victims - in the Leningrad blockade killed nearly a million people! Then, contrary to all laws of military honor Wehrmacht tried to strangle the city of hunger. Is there a single truth about the war? In some ways it must converge. The defeat of fascism. The death of civilians ... Yes, it has been and remains indisputable truths.
Q: How is your war?
about: The participants of the war often recollect their friendship and hard work. Hungry, cold in the snow-brushed trenches, communication trenches. When attacking, digging and digging the frozen ground, built a dugout. And even worse, when the spring was flooded, and we had to live in the icy water up to his waist - that's what war is. This hellish work, which can not or almost can not convey the modern director or screenwriter - they do not have this in memory.
Q: In one of his TV programs, you said: "When the trees shed their leaves, exposing their character. That's how a man called in some moments." In what aspects of life stripped your character?
about: This question assumes that I am engaged in introspection, and I'm not interested, as a rule. Sometimes, of course, but I was more interested in observation of other people.
Q: What in life you can not change, and would like very much?
about: It is difficult to analyze their own lives, and even in public. Life can not be radically changed. It can continue. In life there is some sort of a pattern, its ornamentation. And he is better seen from the side. The man himself is not always understands and sees that his line of life. I, of course, largely dissatisfied with the way I lived and what he did. Some acts recall with shame, sometimes with annoyance. For example, I wanted to be a historian, but his mother decided that it was not a specialty. And she was absolutely right. We had to make a living, because by that time my father sent, and the mother of my sister and provided one. I went to technical college, a profession associated with hydropower. And once on the construction of power plants, saw, and it was for me particularly hard, as it distorts the nature. What have we done with our great rivers - the Volga, Dnieper with? Lowland hydropower - it's just awful! It was sunk by an enormous amount of land, towns and villages. It antiekologichnye projects ... During life recruited things that do not want to remember. I think each case. But for the writer, all these disappointments - a good makeup.
in: Usually difficulties unite people. How do you think, why we are separated?
A: We have no civil society. We his polarized: on the one hand, the billionaires, and with another - the poor. We started a class or a layer of rich, who can afford to live without regard to how people live. It is immoral, brazenly, defiantly. I'm not talking about homeless people, which are thrown out of the life force in any circumstances. People are non-profit specialties - not ministers, not gangsters, not MPs - those who wanted to remain honest, there is no safe place in our society. It dominates the cult of money, so it is deeply divided. Soviet society was much more united.
in: Earlier Komarovo, where we talk, it was a unique meeting place of the great figures of our culture and science. Is the fragmentation of society, the result of fragmentation of the cultural elite?
A: I think the point is the nature of the present life. Komarovo was really very nice oasis of culture, I would even say, reserve. In this part Komarova lived Kozintsev and Kheifets, Akhmatova, Shostakovich, Likhachev, Tovstonogov ... A particular style of behavior, the realm of improvisation. Suddenly came the guests, and there is nothing in the house - and begin to think feast: vodka, bread and butter, some salad. Even to just sit down - the main thing was communication. We discussed what was happening in cinema, theater, music, physics, biology. Faced different mentality, different culture.
Q: Do you communicate with the young. Is the nature of the Russian people?
A: Yes, change. The younger generation of culture does not - it is not prestigious and useless. And they wrote essays on the topic: "The correspondence of Ivan the Terrible with Krupskaya. They that Krupskaya, that Prince Kurbski - one of the devil! We lost a young man. And before we had a good school and good higher education.
Q: What book in your understanding is talented?
about: We now have in literature, too, the notion of rating, which replaces the notion of talent. And what has this talent? Do with it. Rating for talent is irrelevant. On the contrary, a talented book - often a difficult book to read.
in: Out of the life of the great Russian intellectuals Dmitry Likhachev and Alexander Solzhenitsyn. They were called the "conscience of the nation." Who in our society today deals with issues related to conscience?
A: We have no agency that deals with conscience, and no experts on conscience. Questions of morality, ethics arise from the culture and the culture we have is not a priority. If culture is not among the priorities, there is a feeling that this is generally unimportant, malonuzhnaya, irrelevant area of life. And if culture is not a priority, it is possible to say that conscience - a burning issue? Villages no - is destroyed. And the village has always been a source of Russian culture. In schools, Russian literature, poetry, history on the second and third place, because at first - computers, information theory, mathematics, physics. And these objects do not do morality and ethics. The concept of conscience is not included in textbooks and lessons. Do not teach ... Conscientious to be unprofitable.
Q: What value do you think for themselves as?
A: For me, a great value - our culture. I mean the beautiful creations of man - the poetic and musical, architectural and scenic. We find it difficult to understand the genius of mathematics, physics, and this, for the most part, not ever. But when you listen to Mozart or read a poem by Pushkin, you see: this is the absolute value. And what a blessing that you can all read, hear and understand ... We often we bypass museums, hurry, hurry, and yet each painting - creation, with which we should strive to move "on you." Recently, a new book about Leonardo da Vinci - very good English art historian, spent many years only the Mona Lisa. He is in it always something found, opened. And why I was doing only 10 minutes? Or take another example. In Japan, when comes the time of flowering cherries, Japanese families sit for hours and contemplate this beautiful flowering tree. I could not endure this, I have another! I do not have that mentality, but I admire the Japanese. This is a special culture, a special wish. His childhood was spent in the countryside. And in the Russian countryside singing mostly compassionate songs - sing and cry from the excess of emotion ... Every nation has some of his intimate relationship with nature, beauty, and art.
28.09.2009, 01:36
Daniel Granik
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