Karel Appel (1921-2006)

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Karel Appel - Netherlandish painter, sculptor and poet.
From 1940 to 1943 he studied at the Amsterdam Academy of Fine Arts. His first exhibition was held in Groningen in 1946 in the early work of Appell noticeable influence of Matisse, Picasso and Dubuffet.

November 8, 1948 During a visit to Paris while sitting in a café Notre-Dame, Appel and his fellow artists Dotremon, Noiret (Belgium), Jorn (Denmark), Constant and Corneille (the Netherlands) decided to create a grouping Cobra little later for her joined Pierre Alechinsky. Manifesto of the Cobra was close to Jean Dubuffet manifestos: like it, the artists of this trend denied rationalist tradition in art, praised the art of "primitive peoples" and outsider art, is treated with sympathy for the Dadaist movement.

At this time, Appel made close to expressionism "objects, the garbage" from the found items to the landfill.

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In 1949, commissioned by the municipality, he created a mural for the cafeteria mayor of Amsterdam, but this fresco has caused an extremely violent backlash. As a result of her veil, so that within 10 years and see it was impossible.
In the same year held the first exhibition in the Cobra Museum Steledik in Amsterdam, organized by Willem Sandberg. The designer of the exhibition was the architect Aldo van Eyck.


After this scandal in 1950, Appel moved to Paris.
In 1951, Michel Ragon, who became a "herald" group, organized an exhibition of the Cobra in a Paris bookstore "Libreros 73", and two months later held another exhibition in the gallery of Pierre.

At this time, Appel met avant-garde art critic Michel Tape, which organized the Paris gallery of Nina Dosse exhibition, which were shown the work of American and European painters - de Kooning, Pollock, Dubuffet, Vaulx and Hartung (later, it introduced Tape Appel with the New York galeristkoy Martha Jackson). Appel has participated in organized Tape exhibition of the informal ".

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In 1952, Appel broke with Cobra and approaches to the grouping of artists, known as "informal art" or "Other Art". The central figure in this direction was Michelle Tape, around which were grouped artists and poets - Henri Michaux, Willem de Kooning, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Jackson Pollock and Sam Francis. Appel was one of them the only artist who came to the Cobra.
Appel was close to the direction of an "informal art", however, remained figurative, although his method of work was similar to the "action painting" American Abstract Expressionists - in particular, he practiced painting sessions improvisation to jazz music.

In 1954, Tape organized a solo exhibition at Appel Paridzhe in Studio Paul Faketty. In the same year, Martha Jackson Gallery has been organized its first New York exhibition. In the same year he became one of the organizers of the international movement "Imagist Bauhaus.

Soon, his work has received international acclaim - the exhibition will be hosted in Mexico, Brazil, in the U.S..

In 1955, commissioned by the architects Van den Broek and Buckholm Appel painted in Rotterdam hundred meter brick wall, the so-called "Wall of Energy".

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In 1957, Appel traveled the U.S. and Mexico, where he painted portraits of jazz musicians - Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Koutney Basil and Sarah Vaughn.
After returning to Europe, is working on several large murals hakahnyh plants.

In 1961 niderladnsky director Jan Vriman the movie "Reality of Karel Appel" about the life and work of the artist in Paris.

In 1963, Appel worked alternately in Paris and Rome. To this period belong his experiments with the inclusion of real objects in the painting, which led to the creation of assemblages, executed in mixed tehznike, and subsequently, his polychrome sculpture (1965). Appeal to the landscape is the second important element of his work this time.

In the years 1969-71. he created a large series of sculptures of painted wood, which he called "psychological relief-portraits, and then made his first large sculpture made of aluminum.