Main of exhibitions, which will be open all year, is titled "Meissen as a bridge between cultures, nations and religions." This is ambitious, but consistent with historical truth.
Before Meissen Europe was known only to Chinese porcelain, about how he was precious, and said the habit of Europeans to straighten Chinese vases and bowls made in gilded bronze or gold. In an attempt to imitate him in the end of the XVI century, the Italians have created a recipe for "soft-paste porcelain, which spread to France. But the soft-paste porcelain in fact glass rather than ceramics. So at the beginning of the XVIII century alchemist Böttger, incarcerated in the fortress Albrehtsburgskoy Augustus the Strong, in search of a recipe philosopher's stone that turned everything to gold, has created a real, hard porcelain - a durable, thin and resonant. In the beginning he was a red-brown, and see chaynichek of this mass, with molded nose-bird, is unique. Soon porcelain became white, and in the history of Meissen factory began his most famous period when the main artist became Johann Herold, a sculptor (or "designer") - Johann Kandler.
The first years of porcelain were able to paint only the underglaze cobalt blue, resistant to high temperature roasting - as vases painted with a lizard on the cover, made for "the Japanese Palace in Dresden in 1722. Thanks to Johann Herold colored porcelain made in the application includes dozens of shades, and then painted with silver and gold. Motifs were painted mostly by Chinese, they are sometimes referred to as Indiana flowers, as in the famous tea-set "Tete-a-tete" with images of chrysanthemums and peonies, dragons and figures of people. The same artist came up with completely cover the surface of objects colored background, and painting to put in lockets.
The name of Johann Kandler involve other curiosities: in 1739, this great artist, he created a form of "Boules de nezh (or flower Viburnum) - teapots, cups and balls Creamer seemed molded from white porcelain flowers. Now such things - an incredible rarity. Kandler offered to make the surface of the relief items - and created Count Heinrich Bruhl (a cabinet minister, under whose leadership at the time was Mason), a huge Swans' service - nearly 100 people, consisting of more than 2000 items, which was the apex of the German Baroque. Each item of the service has a surface that resembles the scallop shells, and decorated with a relief or sculpture (for pens, and tops lids) of a swan and naiads.
Sculptures by Johann Kandler in any collection or museum world naperechet. Starting with "monkeys Orchestra 1730-ies until 1770, when the fashion came in classicism. Looking at the "Mercury", created by Kandler in 1774-m, you know that he was a master of rococo and classic elements such as a meander on the basis were to him merely decorative. Years after the death of Johann Kandler been a period when other plants away from Meissen leadership. The classic French Sevres, "the second style, the Berlin and Vienna manufactories, then painted with underglaze paints vases Copenhagen melting plant in Art Nouveau style - the initiative was theirs. But during the Art Deco Meissen firmly back in the ranks of the innovators - by Emil Paul Berner, create sophisticated painted vases, flower-twined with a list (they are grouped in the section "In the garden vases Berner).
Figures of animals, created with the beginning of XVIII century to the present day, are collected in "Porcelain zoo. Another section is devoted to dinner service, commissioned by the European sovereigns, among whom were Russia, such as Catherine II. All this is complemented by works created at the Meissen factory in recent years, such as a large sculpture of bald eagle, the second copy of which adorns the lobby of the U.S. Embassy in Berlin.
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1314579
19.02.2010, 09:29
Meissen porcelain manufactory - 300 years
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