Portrait of an unknown. The exhibition from the collections of the State Museum of AS Pushkin

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Portrait of an unknown. The exhibition from the collections of the State Museum of AS Pushkin (2011-2012 gg.)

    The State Museum of AS Pushkin is:

    Portrait of an Unknown
    State Museum of AS Pushkin

    The exhibition is open from August 23, 2011 to February 12, 2012
    Address: ul. Prechistenka, 12 /2, subway "Kropotkin"


    The exhibition presents 190 portraits (paintings, drawings, miniatures, sculpture), representatives of the nobility and merchant class Russia XVIII-XIX century, at different times and under different circumstances received in the museum's collection with a "portrait of an unknown person," or with mythological or erroneous annotation.
    Many of the characters in these paintings could forever remain "unrecognized" if they have not been interested and thorough study of museum professionals and historians.
    Return the name of the portrait - akin to scientific discovery and the discovery of a significant event not only for the museum's collection, but also for the culture of the country as a whole. Feature a unique exhibition opened on Prechistenka, that most of the portraits presented here, returned to the real names! The exhibition demonstrates the remarkable results of research and the attribution of the museum.
    As a rule, was written portrait of a man "for his memory of loved ones, people who love him" (VATropinin), was located in the interior of the family and often did not require a signature - so formed family portrait galleries. In the whirlpool of tumultuous events of the twentieth century, especially during the revolutionary years, when destroyed and ruined mansions and manor houses, many portraits, saving the family and, ultimately, generic memory, lost his "long occupied" sites, roots, scattered all over the world, settling nameless exhibits in museum collections and private collections.
    For each priority of the museum is not so much the number of items as the amount of knowledge about them - this is the main purpose of the stock of scientific and museum work. Each exhibit in the collection must "talk" to find your "passport" data. The study and description of items - the main direction of the Museum's scientific activities. Attribution of portraits - the most interesting, exciting and fascinating part of this work.

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Identified portrait can "tell" about themselves and about the time far more than his "silent" counterpart. The founder of the scientific-attribution of the museum, AS Pushkin was EV Pavlova. She became the principal teacher of his colleagues. Vast professional expertise, intuition, brilliant memory "in person" allowed EV Pavlova identify more than a dozen portraits of people from Pushkin's environment. Diligent search for truth, creativity, passion, reverence for the art of the portrait were the basis of a remarkable album, prepared by E. Pavlova and N. Marchenko, "Faces of Pushkin's time," (Wiley, 2000), which presented the results of attributions of authors and their colleagues in the album - it's about 200 portraits in drawings and watercolors from the collection of Pushkin's time GMF and GLM. In a study of portraits of the museum staff were actively involved: LI Vuich, NI Mikhailova, NS Nechaev, GG Svetlov, ST Ovchinnikov. In this paper, the invaluable help provided IL Andronicus, MY Baranowska, T. Buevskaya, FE Wisniewski, AM Gorshman, IS Zilberstein, RM Kirsanov, LI Pevzner, S. Popov, MD Romm, TG Tsyavlovsky, JB Shmarov - without their knowledge and experience would have been impossible to achieve scientific museum.
    At the exhibition "Portraits of the unknown" has a "family tree". Exhibition of the same name in 1969 demonstrated his impressive results during scientific attribution of the museum at the time of its formation. Were represented at least 80 major exhibits - "portraits of unknown persons." For the first time in museum practice publicly reported the results of scientific research and attributions in that direction. In the course of the exhibition have been identified about 10 exhibits.
    Since the first exhibition "Portrait of an unknown" barely more than 40 years. The museum's collection was replenished than one hundred portraits. Today the museum is actively developing systematic work on the attribution of the portrait, the methodology of the study and determination of portraits (by T. Dmitrieva), which includes a range of scientific approaches - historical and objective method of analysis of mixed-ancestry upward, bringing authentic iconography of the series. All this requires extensive professional historical kulturologicheskihi expertise and, at the same time, professional instinct and intuition.
    The exhibition features over 190 works, including "unknown" person depicted in the portrait, there are not more than a third from the exhibition. that speaks volumes about the results of the attribution of the museum.
    Portraits are placed on display in chronological order, which allows you to see the socio-psychological image of a contemporary of the last time in the development against the backdrop of the transformation of style and genre of art features a portrait. The earliest picture is dated 1760-E for years - is performed on the parchment, "Portrait of two girls at the table", the upper time limit can be determined watercolor portrait of an unknown young woman, presumably, GA Bibikova, AI artist's work Lebedev.
    Opens the exhibition hall, telling the history of scientific attribution of portraits in the museum's collection. One of the sensational discoveries of the exhibition of '68, was to present the public a unique exhibit - the only known portrait of Pushkin's lifetime-a tiny baby (it shows the future poet at the age of 2-3 years), passed in due time to the museum a famous actor Vsevolod Yakut. The controversy over the portrait and scientific research, will finally and formally attributing this portrait (iconographic definition Baranskii NV), walked more than a decade. This work involved forensic institutions, even the United States. And so, the current exhibition, this is priceless Memoria public is as undeniable historical and cultural relics.
    Search and introduction to the collection of portraits in his lifetime, AS Pushkin - the highest priority work for the museum. Today, the museum has six authentic portraits of intravital AS Pushkin's original technique. With regret we must recognize that new discoveries in the field of in vivo iconographic Pushkiniana hardly seem possible. However, from time to time on the court just experts appear mythological images. This can be seen on display "Portrait of an unknown young man." Externally it bears little resemblance to the poet. However, the attribution of the portrait "baffled" character - a fashion typical of the era and the romantic image, and a "stubborn" reality: on the printed label at the bottom of the frame is written, "AS Pushkin ". Traces of existence of the portrait are in Germany. For many decades it was kept in a German family as a portrait of a Russian poet. No matter how great the temptation to complete your collection of the Museum another portrait of Pushkin, dated the middle of the XIX century., A comparative analysis of the iconographic portrait of Pushkin's famous intravital imaging, technical and technological analysis performed at GRC Academician IE Grabar and make sure you create - 1840-1850-s, - did not confirm a family legend.
    The history of and existence of family heirlooms in the "noble nest" is often a wonderful stratagem of fiction and reality, which will eventually live together so closely that distinguish one from another is not possible. In this regard, particularly illustrative example of a whole collection of six miniature received from family Seleznyov, descendants of the owners of the house on Prechistenka that hosts a museum. Persistent family legend depicted in the portraits of military representatives of the family has disintegrated under Seleznev irrefutable arguments of historical and objective method used in their study of military historian A. Kibovsky, which was able to prove ownership of individual thumbnails to a noble family Shusherinyh. As thumbnails were in a family-Matveev Seleznev in the complete absence of common ancestral lines? This question posed by the researcher, can serve as a further search.
    The real sensation of this exhibition promises to be an excellent idea of ​​the picturesque portrait of one of the most interesting women of Pushkin's time Maria Nikolaevna Rayevskaya (Volkonskaya). Portrait will be available a wide range of audience for the first time in nearly 200 years of existence in a narrow circle of owners and collectors. Written in 1824 shortly before her marriage with Mary Rayevskaya a war hero in 1812 and future Decembrist Sergei Volkonsky, this portrait is of great historical and aesthetic value. The appearance of the exhibit in the museum collections in Moscow, AS Pushkin became possible due to effective assistance of the Department of Culture of Moscow. At the opening ceremony of this event will be highlighted.
    In the context of the opening of the exhibition "Portrait of MN Rayevskaya "is also interesting, that is a model of unconditional full attribution, when combined come" in agreement "and the results of technical and technological research, and evaluation of professional experts, and the origin of the portrait and the inscription on the back, and biography of the model, and outside of its similarity to the large number of authentic images, and memoirs of the certificate.
    Portrait of a literary museum for a very important piece. This is a historic and artistic material, and how knowledge of Pushkin's time. But above all - they are a historical document. The faces and facial features imprinted time of high ideals and high morals. Knowledge of the portraits - this acquaintance with the poet's contemporaries. It is known that Pushkin's entourage consisted of nearly 2,500 people: relatives, friends, writers, statesmen, military and government officials, actors and artists, merchants and servants backyard ... And many of them are represented in the exhibition "Portraits of the unknown" from the collection of the Moscow Museum of S. Pushkin.
    Accents exhibition were some great portraits of the interesting history of their appearance in the museum and scientific research to identify the person depicted on the canvas. The display these portraits are marked accent color background color of the noble Bordeaux, one of the last lifetime portrait of Natalya Nikolaevna Lansky (Pushkin), the portrait of Natal Dubbelt, granddaughter, AS Pushkin's portrait of Princess AM Apraksina (nee Pashkova) has recently gained by museums magnificent portrait, MN Rayevskaya portrait of AP Gotovtsev; portraits NI Mezentsov, His Serene Highness Prince of Italy Count AA Suvorov-Rymniksky, Major General Don Cossacks II Isaev, and a portrait of General of Infantry, "Caucasian Suvorov", "General-meteor" which AS Pushkin dedicated line in the poem "The Prisoner of the Caucasus."


    Source: Press Service of the State Museum of AS Pushkin