Osip Mandelstam Émil'evich

[Тютчев]

Osip Mandelstam Émil'evich.

Biography

15/01/201110: 00

15 January marks 120 years since the birth of great Russian poet Osip Mandelstam

One of the great Russian poets of the XX century Osip Mandelstam Émil'evich born January 15 (January 3, Old Style) 1891 in Warsaw (Poland) family of master-tanners, the petty trader. Soon after birth, Osip, his family moved to the city of Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg and then in 1897 - to St. Petersburg.

In 1900 Osip Mandelstam entered Tenishevsky Commercial College. Great influence on the boys during the study had a professor of Russian Literature, Vladimir Gippius. The school Mandelstam began writing poetry at the same time fascinated by ideas, SR.

Immediately after graduation in 1907, the school Osip Mandelstam went to Paris, he attended lectures at the Sorbonne. France Mandelstam discovered the Old French epic poetry, Villon, Baudelaire, Verlaine. Acquainted with the poet Nikolai Gumilev.

In the years 1909-1910. Mandelstam lived in Berlin for a semester attending lectures at Heidelberg University, then went to Switzerland and Italy.

In October 1910 he returned to St. Petersburg. Mandelstam's literary debut was in August 1910 when the magazine "Apollo" was published five of his poems. During these years he was fond of ideas and creativity of the Symbolist poets, became a frequent visitor of Vyacheslav Ivanov, a theorist of Symbolism, which has gathered talented writers.

Читать дальше... 

In 1911, Osip Mandelstam, wanting to organize their knowledge, entered the historical-philological faculty of St. Petersburg University. By this time he was firmly entrenched in the literary milieu - belonged to a group Acmeists (from the Greek word "acme" - the highest degree of something blooming power), a structured Nikolai Gumilev "shop poets, which included Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Gorodetsky, Mikhail Kuzmin et al

In 1913, the publisher Akme "the first book Mandelstam's" Stone ". By this time the poet had already moved away from the influence of Symbolism. During these years poetry Mandelstam often published in the magazine Apollo. The young poet won fame. In December 1915 a second edition, "Stone" (published by Hyperborean), on volume nearly three times larger than the first.

In early 1916 at a literary evening in Petrograd M. met with Marina Tsvetaeva. On the evening began their friendship, a kind of "poetic" which culminated in several poems dedicated to the poets to each other.

1920-ies. were for M. time intensive and diverse literary works. We see new collections of poetry: "Tristia" (1922), "Second Book" (1923), "Stone" (3rd edition, 1923). Poems published in Petrograd, Moscow and Berlin.

Mandelstam has published several articles on critical issues of history, culture and humanism: "Word and Culture", "On the Nature of Words," "Wheat human", etc. In 1925, Mandelstam has released an autobiographical book, "Noise of Time." Came out a few books for children: "Two tram", "Primus" (1925), "Balls" (1926). In 1928 he published a book of poems last lifetime Mandelstam Poems, and a little later - a collection of articles on poetry and the novel "The Egyptian Stamp."

Mandelstam gave a lot of time translation work. Perfectly wielding French, German and English, he was taken (often with a view to earnings) for translations of contemporary foreign writers of prose. Special care attitude toward poetic translation, showing great skill.

In the 1930's., When the open persecution of the poet, and printed it increasingly difficult, the translation has remained the outlet, where the poet could save himself. During these years he has translated dozens of books.

In 1930 Mandelstam visited Armenia. The result of this trip was the prose of "Journey to Armenia" and the poetic cycle "Armenia", which was only partially published in 1933

In autumn 1933 M. wrote verse epigram against Stalin, "We live under him not feeling the country ...", for which in May 1934, he was arrested. He was expelled in Cherdyn in the Northern Urals, where he stayed for two weeks, fell ill and was hospitalized. Then he was sent to Voronezh, where he worked in newspapers and magazines, on radio. After the expiration of links M. returned to Moscow, but here it is forbidden to live. The poet lived in Kalinin (now Tver city).

In May 1938 Mandelstam was arrested again. Sentence - five years in the camps for counterrevolutionary activities. Stage was sent to the Far East.

Osip Mandelstam died Dec. 27, 1938 in the hospital barracks in camps in the Second River (now in the city of Vladivostok).

Name of Osip Mandelstam in the Soviet Union remained a taboo about 20 years.

The poet's wife Nadezhda Mandelstam and friends of the poet kept his poems, which, in 1960. it became possible to publish. Currently, all published works of Mandelstam.

In 1991 in Moscow was established Mandelstam Society, whose goal is to collect, preserve, study and promotion of the creative heritage of one of the great Russian poets of the XX century. In 1992 Mandelstam Society based at the Russian State Humanitarian University (RGGU).

In April 1998 as a joint project between the University and Mandelstam Society was inaugurated Cabinet mandelshtamovedeniya State Humanitarian University Scientific Library.

The material is based on information from open sources.

http://rian.ru/spravka/20110115/320737264.html