Russian artists in Yugoslavia

[Allena]

WORLD PAINTING
 
Gray birds fly days
One after another
As they return to me leave?
The darkness and smoke.
 
Smoky mist dressed capital
In the evenings
Cry, encased in a cage tit,
The song is old.
 
Strunke trembling, the word forgotten,
Pasión ...
How do I call that tormented, neizbytoe,
And do not divide ...
 
                  Olga K.
 
 
Saving work, creativity, convulsively squeezed brush, chisel, pencil ...
 
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The first art studio started as with Gallipoli. There, in the "Armenian shack" worked "art studio 1-Third Army Corps, which later revived in Belgrade in 1922 as" Studio of Russian artists "in the walls of Russian officers' mess.
In 1928 this group organized the first Russian art exhibition, opened May 3 at the Officers' Meeting Pavilion South Slavic army and navy with the help of other Russian artists chief Cabinet War Department, Colonel S. Todorovic. It was attended by 28 Russian artists, sculptors, architects, exhibited about 300 works.
It was then decided to found the Society of Russian Artists in Yugoslavia, marked the beginning of its activities to 12 June 1928 In September of that year in connection with the Congress of Russian scientists, writers and journalists in Belgrade was "arranged a small exhibition, titled" The Yugoslavia in the image of Russian artists "[1]. Then Russian artists, sculptors, masters of applied art, organized his group K.R.U.G. of: Bykovskii, A. Verbitsky, V. Zhedrinsky, V. Zagorodniuk, Kovalevskaya-Rykk, V. Lukomski, V. Predaevich, I. Rykk [2].
In April 1930, they opened their first exhibition, in March 1931 made a second [3].
 

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Belgrade has absorbed a few professional artists, the majority preferred to Paris - the capital of world art. Maybe it was and naturally, otherwise the main city of the Kingdom "burst" would be from an overabundance of the same artists, quarreling because of the clientele. And whom can be called from the "academics" and fans?
Initially, a few names and fates.
Academician painting Stepan Fedorovich Kolesnikov (11. 07. 1879, Andreanopol, Ekaterinoslavskaya gub.-1955, Belgrade). The peasant's son received his first lessons in painting from the masters-of icon. Then there were the years of study at an art school in Odessa GL Ladyzhenskaya and K. Kostandi (in other data: the AA Popov [4]), in St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts by Ilya Repin (1903 -1909 gg.). There followed the first awards at home and abroad.
  There were trips to Europe and Turkestan.
Became a member of the Paris International Art Society "Leonardo da Vinci.
In 1912, SF Kolesnikov organized his expedition to Asia, Turkestan and Mongolia for art, ethnographic and archaeological purposes. After two years he returned to St. Petersburg, bringing a wealth of material, and organized two large on the number of the exhibited paintings exhibition in both capitals. Most of the paintings sold to museums and private collections. Lovers of fine art, does not have sufficient resources, could be content with reproductions of the cost of the whole of Russia "Cornfield".
In 1914 g.on became an academician of painting.
   His paintings reflected and the Great War.
  Since 1920 in the Kingdom. Here Kolesnikov quickly gained fame, came into vogue. In January 1922, residents of Belgrade have been able to visit an exhibition of paintings Kolesnikova. They exhibited paintings by unpretentious titles as "Village Vsekhsvyatskoj", "Market day on the Volga", "spill", "Tomatoes," "Melting Snow". Exhibited and portraits, for example, Ms. Yureneva. At the review were presented to the public and the pictures otherwise: "The Last Supper" paintings with images of saints in full growth for the church in Letnavatse (architect Androsov), 80 km from Belgrade. Particularly noted the media image of St. Nicholas. At the time of opening of the exhibition, he wrote in Serbia, about 100 paintings and 20 had already managed to sell during its work [5]. Could not enjoy popularity with the recent inhabitants of Russia and the builders have their Greater Serbia Belgrade triptych painting: on the left side of Russia under the Bolsheviks, on the right - the flourishing Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, in the center - the future resurrection of the Slavs. In November 1925 took place award visit the royal couple, regular exhibition Kolesnikova, versatility nature. Here and in pictures, stories which are linked to the recent fighting past the Serbs, such as a sheet "for the fatherland in kaimak-Chalane" with their unaffected life and beauty of nature - "On the road Sarajevo - Mostar", "Y Prilep", "Autumn near Lukova "(near Zajecar). Were presented and the Central Asian memoirs: "The tiger in the mountains Tyanshana", "Turkestan Sarthe, in Turkestan." The indispensable and pictures were devoted to the bygone Russia: "rivals" - a scene from malorossiyskoy life, "Mills", "Morning", "fisherman", "Kursk Province", "In the Vilna province," We the church wall "[6].
For his canvases fought all the best in Belgrade home. The price of his paintings soared even higher when he painted the ceiling - a composition of "Goddess Thalia on Quadriga" - in an updated folk theater. Became Belgrade Marc Chagall, which Paris has the honor to do the same [7].
  Pictures prolific artist decorated the palace of King, Metropolitan Hotel "Palace", pleased patients Municipal Hospital, he was the creator of art songs in the Export Bank. Being a fashion designer, had an extensive customer base, invest in a "picture properties". In his paintings were not only traditional Russian motifs with the churches, but the scenery and Serbian, Serbian saints, sketches of the Balkan nature.
Many of his paintings were "scattered" about the world, something is left for Belgrade to present the XXI century. And get acquainted with creativity Kolesnikova is very simple, it is enough to raise my eyes to the ceiling in the People's Theater ...
  Elena Andreyevna Bilimovich (28. 10. 1878, Voronezh-08. 07. 1974, Belgrade), happy people and bitter fate. She was born in a family of real high school mathematics teacher Andrei Kiselev, author of the famous textbook of mathematics, and his wife Mary E. (maiden name - Schulz). In 1890, the girl went to school once the second class, finishing it with a gold medal. In 1897 he left for St. Petersburg and entered the Mathematics Department Bestuzhev courses. Then she caught typhoid and doctors ordered mental exercises. Since mathematics was over. Then there is a new passion - painting. Autumn 1898 was admitted to the Imperial Academy of Arts. Graduated in 1907 from the class of Ilya Repin. In 1908 he went to Paris for an internship.
Cheerful and free-love Lutetia cost her husband (Nicholas Black-Perevertanny) who married a certain Russian ballerina, but the friendship remained.
After two years of EA Bilimovich returned to Russia. She continued her painting in the tradition of "Wanderers" and "miriskusnikov.
During the war with Germany, arrived in Odessa, I met the famous mathematician zhitomirtsa Anton Beach-Bilimovicha Bil'in, which tied his life. In 1920 she and her son leave Odessa and come to Serbia.
The feeling of gratitude for the hospitality and sympathy for the brothers, the Serbs was reflected in the figure Kiseleva. Amid a panorama of Belgrade swarthy young Serbian farmer with a hooked nose dressed in traditional heart reaches out to Russian, which clung to the blonde girl with pigtails.
September 4, 1923 after divorcing her first husband, she was married and took the second name of her husband's surname, becoming Kiseleva-Bilimovich. A Sept. 25 priest and deacon Peter Belovidov Vladislav Nekludov baptized their son.
There remained time for the beloved painting, participation in exhibitions with paintings "Portrait of Madame Kowalewski, Portrait of the poetess Zhuravskaya," "Portrait of Peter Struve," etc. She practiced and iconography: mention "Nesterovsky face" of Jesus Christ against the background of the Russian landscape.
Yet more information about the secular painting. So, I found a review of "Modern Times" about the works of Elena Kiseleva-Bilimovich exposed in May 1928 on the joint exhibition of Russian artists:
"Charming" peasant girl "Kiseleva. Russian North is looking from the picture in all the freshness of their coloring. Sitting on a bench in a number of rustic beauty in red skirts, and each - his face and movement. Something "malyavinskoe", but softened, pacified and issued.
It seemed that life will only be happy. Son married. Could give more time to painting, but stepped in World War II began. It's time of suffering. The son of Arseny and his wife in 1942 were taken away to Germany.
Back in 1944, Arseniy seriously ill and died. The mother then decided to bid farewell to his joy, throwing painting. The final figure was "Sin in odori" ( "Son of bed"), who until his death held in his room. During the cremation was burned and the latter figure.
Her husband died in 1970
  Itself, condemning themselves to eternal silence, finding joy in the garden with roses, passed away a few years, bequeathing his paintings native Voronezh [8].
Can recall and icon painters, decorating built in 1924, the Russian Church of the Holy Trinity (in the new church was placed miracle-working Kursk-Root Icon of the Mother of God). The first icon of the prince wrote to Mikhail Putjatin. Later - much later - the future Archbishop Antony (Andrew G. Bartoshevich, 1910, St. Petersburg - 02. 10. 1993, Geneva).
For this noble boy began with the emigration of Germany (1924), then move to the Kingdom of C x C. In 1931 he graduated from the 1 st Russian-Serbian school. After three years of study at the Technical Faculty of Belgrade University came to the theological faculty, who graduated in 1939
In 1941 he was tonsured. Since February 1942 was in Russian scribes them. Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Cadet Corps in the town of White Church. Since September 1944 over the state assigned to the Holy Trinity Orthodox Church in Belgrade.
  Posted by a series of icons, in particular, for the Iberian Chapel "Descent into Hell", the Apostle John the Theologian.
In 1945, during a visit to Belgrade church delegation from Moscow headed by Bishop Sergius (Larin) was adopted in communion with the Moscow Patriarchate. (As is known, the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, where both parishes in Yugoslavia, was outside the canonical communion with the Moscow Patriarchate.) [9]
Hoped to return to their homeland. Parish chiefs recommended Patriarch Alexy I use the painter's talent for organizing schools for local painters. However, the consent of "competent bodies" had been received late.
In 1949 he left for Switzerland. Then he served at parishes in France, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg. His mastery iconographer confirmed working on the iconostasis of the Orthodox Church in Salzburg. In 1957, consecrated bishop. Since 1965 - Archbishop of Geneva and Western Europe [10].
  The temple of the Holy Trinity and the name relates the remarkable icon-painter Pimen Maksimovic Sofronova (9. 09. 1898. E Tihotka Pskov Province. - 16. 05. 1973, Melville, Long Island, USA). His fate is remarkable and surprising. He was so talented student Old Believer Gabriel Yefimovich Frolova, that they soon became together to create icons, paint and restore the church. Then there was an independent work, his own studio and students in Riga, where P. Sofronov was invited to the Old Believers circle "Zealots of antiquity. Traveled to Belgium, France, Czechoslovakia, where he taught, organized courses of ancient Russian painting, restored the icons [11].

In 1934 he went to Yugoslavia, where his name, as indeed in many countries around the world know and respect.
  "Sofronov - as noted by one of the judges of his work - has become as an intermediary between the religious paintings of Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria. He seemed to be crossed centuries-old tradition of religious art of these peoples, putting himself to the revival of Byzantine and Old Slavonic traditions in the new times "[12].
They were written and restored many icons for Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Greek churches. For the mentioned Holy Trinity Church, he created several icons - St. George and the Protection of the Holy Virgin, as well as the image Aksay Mother of God, written on the fiftieth anniversary of the priesthood Hammers Ekaterinoslav Hermogenes (Maximova) [13].
His way forward was also connected with the Vatican, where "was invited to Rome, where Sofronov had to write 56 icons for the five-tier iconostasis for the chapel at the World Exhibition in 1942, however, because of the hostilities exhibition never took place.
Then, in 1947, he arrived in the U.S. on a tourist visa, do not give the right of residence. "This required a special act, carried out in his favor in the House of Representatives.
On American soil Sofronov painted temples in different jurisdictions: the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, the Orthodox Church in America, Old Believer, Catholic. In particular, it was painted tomb of Archbishop John (Maximovich). Pimen Sofronov "deservedly considered the most prominent Russian and Slavic iconographer XX century, has preserved the technique and style of ancient benevolent letters, inherited from the Byzantine Empire" [14].
From a professional icon-painter move on to another wonderful personality.
Boris Litvinov Nilovich (18. 10. 1872, Kostroma-to 09. 1951, USSR), Major General, Corresponding Member of the Imperial Academy of Arts (since 1895). By studying the performance need Turkestan, collected materials on the history and geography of this region. Member of war with Germany. He was awarded the St. George Arms and the Order of St. George. He fought in the Army. In exile settled in Belgrade [15].
He painted icons.
Art historian Helen Mejinschi, considering the creation of icon-lovers, including Litvinov, noted that in these icons, "in spite of small artistic value ... there is a strong religious feeling and emotion [16].
But on the icon-painter Litvinov, little is known. More preserved evidence of its secular painting.
Banal-worn, but still brilliant - "Not for Sale inspiration, but you can sell a manuscript!" Litvinova experiments were approved by the already known Constantine Shumlevichem. After visiting the exhibition closed on 55 send gouache paintings, a journalist noted in "New Times, that" the picture painted with the finest finishing details and resemble miniature ". Looking at them, could be seen as someone to remember Russian East - Turkestan and Bukhara, where the "blue southern sky, the eastern churches and minarets, with their delicate tracery architecture. Praised "the Dome of the great Tamerlane (XIV-XV cc.)" Poppies in Bloom "(Bukhara)," Along the shores of the Caspian Sea "(Krasnozavodsk Bay)," The ruins of the mountains. Merv "," Morning on the Afghan border "," Dawn in the Karakum desert "[17]. Litvinov was not forgotten and the Russian North - Sbitenschik "," a gray day, "Village", "Betulaceae road Arakcheeva", "Morning in Vologda and others [18]
Success seemed to be accompanied by the artist-General. After two exhibitions overseas, in Boston, Litvinov, arranged the exhibition closed in Belgrade in the Serbian officer's house. Paintings - Turkestan, Dubrovnik [19].
  But, apparently, painting still did not provide enough funds. Here is their role to play and competition and fashion. Central Asian subjects, probably did not enjoy success with the Serbs, whom they were strangers, and pictures with "gray Rus" was filled with the market.
Therefore, July 5, 1930 in New Times "came the announcement of the opening of new courses of painting, General Boris N. Litvinov (st. Hadji Prodanova, 11). Advertisement reported: "group grope painting - oil, watercolor and gouache. Groups of no more than 4-5 people. For Russian concessions "[20].
I do not know whether he was able to find the students during the world crisis? Information ends with him. It is known that in 1945 seventy-"White Guard" Litvinov was extradited to the USSR, where he died in the camp [21].
All this is sad, many of the country waited for the other. Reviewer "Modern Times", presenting a large exhibition of Russian artists in exile, arranged in March 1930, he wrote:
"This special, aching sadness enveloped the mood at this show. Wreath of sadness and joy, pride and sadness.
We are not in Russia, no, but it is she herself came to us in the weary guests.
And shouting with Malyavinskih cloths bright enthusiasm hefty Russian woman:
- Do not be afraid, not lost! Go-ka, knocking some sort!
And circled vihryanom the dance.
- Hey, Down with the devil! It will be back on our street party!
Terrible tale scares Bilibin, but fear utishayut calm faces of Boris and Gleb.
- Little did know the hardship and ancient Rus.
And shows Benoit slender column of the Alexander, proudly and confidently to the heavens heaving. And leads in St. Petersburg, fabulously beautiful capital city has grown up in the bog on the orders of the giant King.
Russia came to us from the canvases of all our artists.
At its expanse develop their talents, violent winds created temperament, blooming meadows and gardens, Dawn gave a flame from a palette of colors, the rustling forest, songs and stories of their people remembered the images of the soul.
Who said that Russia was the great-king's torture chamber, come and see.
Creativity dying in chains, and therefore - no artists in Red Russia.
Sisters standing next to the hostess and guests.
Air, as the song mandolin, watercolors Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna - unfinished cups of tea on a tablecloth-covered table, prosforka on a platter. White Easter and cake - all of us is familiar and all that is alive, now.
Knocking red hammers, bits rapping, killed beauty. It will rise again and again shine on Russia - a glorious galaxy of the creators of Russian Art will raise its breath of his talent, followed by the new shift, crimson with their sacred fire. And it will be soon. And in anticipation of sitting, as if alive, a Russian officer with the sad eyes on canvas portrait painter Baranovsky. Hear a trumpet - he would get up and go "[22].
   I should add that while Belgrade is already long before the opening of the exhibition expecting to see pictures of "the poet of the modern city" Dobuzhinsky, Korovin - father and son, Albert Benois, Alexandre Benois, Beloborodov, Shiltyana, brown Shuhaeva range of 42 paintings, Bogdanov-Belsky, Vinogradova from Riga Tereshkovich, Goncharova, Grigoriev, Lahovskogo, A. Yakovlev, Lanchevskuyu, Soutine, Chekhonin, Lapshin, Stelletskii, "naive" Larionov, Milliotti, R. Nilus, Shmarov, Serebryakov, Luba, Czecho-Potocki, Cherkesov, academician Veschilova, Alb. Al. Benoit Malyavina (not help myself, sorry!) With "broads", Lansky, Bilibin, Sologub, sculpture Aronson, Annenkov, Beklemisheva, Andrusov, Gyurdzhana, Chinese lacquers Sudbinin [23].
And May 9, 1930 he saw the color of Russian art. In the "Great Exhibition of Russian Art", hosted by Russian gold company in Belgrade, with the strong support of the Russian Cultural Committee, funded by the government, was represented in the exhibition hall of the Society of Friends Art Flowers Zuzorich over 400 exhibits. Along with Repin, Benois, Bilibin, Goncharova, Korovin, Somov, participated in the exhibition and the Russian residents of Belgrade: Kolesnikov, Verkhovsky, Elena Bilimovich et al [24] Within a month it was visited by more than 12 thousand people, which was a record for the Arts Belgrade [25].
Were organized public lectures on Russian art - Prof. Branko Popovic indoor exhibition, as well as arriving from Paris, the famous artist Alexander Benois - in the great hall of the Belgrade University, brought together "all the Belgrade" [26].
"New Era" also provided space for short entries about the artists: Shukhaiev - "a talented artist, but his talent is a heavyweight. Not, of course, heavy, that he exhibited "A nude woman and a naked woman in" Guessing "the two together weigh one hundred pounds, but because heavy to his letter and paint (completely agree. Brown gamma weights. - VK) author's portrait of Meyerhold Grigoriev, exhibited eight works, received comments that his work "a caricature of affectation lines", Goncharova - all works are deathly shade and so very boring "[27].
There were flattering words, for example, the Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of her watercolors [28], for drawings, for example "1001 Nights" and for "their" Andric-Samonova [29].
Note that the exhibition - this kind of advertising, an opportunity to earn the authors. Therefore, the same Malyavin, who arrived in Belgrade, after the exhibition has received a number of orders: he wrote the Queen Mary, the family academician Belic et al [30]
In passing, I will add that in the National Museum in Belgrade stored 33 creations "miriskusnikov: Alexander Benois and Sergei Vinogradov, Boris Grigoriev, Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Alexander Yakovlev, Vasily Kandinsky, Konstantin Korovin, Philip Malyavin, Nicholas Roerich, Ilya Repin, Zinaida Serebryakova, Basil Shukhaiev [31].
Pictures of many Russian masters are stored at the Military Museum, located on Kalemegdane. Even in distant 1938-1939. museum acquired paintings by Valentina Vasilyeva and Alexei Vasilyev, Vsevolod Gulevich, Pavel Kravchenko, Athanasius Sheloumova.
I will begin alphabetically. Alexey Vasiliev (1901, Rzhev-1991, Belgrade). In Khabarovsk, finished Cadet Corps, participated in the Civil War, and then briefly studied at the Naval Academy in Vladivostok. In the UK, arrived in 1920 from Dubrovnik came to the "promised" for many Belgrade. Then there was a new hobby which grew into the profession of the artist, architect. There was a study in art school, at the architectural department of Engineering Faculty of Belgrade University (1932). Already in 1922, was a member of the first exhibition of Russian artists. Collaborated with the architect Gregory Samoilov [32].
From 1936 to 1941, AA Vasiliev worked at the Military Museum: and was the architect and artist and master of artistic photography. He was engaged in copying the Serbian uniforms and banners, including banners and Gen. Mikhail G. Cherniaiev. Author of several watercolors depicting Serb soldiers and officers. From 1941 he worked in a museum in Belgrade. Participant of many exhibitions. The collection is stored 22 of his work [33].
  Were bought by the museum and six paintings by his wife, Valentina Vasilyeva (Odessa, 1904 - Belgrade, 1990). She arrived in Belgrade at about 1920, studied at the Art School Professor Luby Jovanovic. Exhibited. Her paintings were related mainly to Serbian history and its heroes. Before our time is preserved only ably written portrait of Montenegrin Prince Danilo, in a suit which oddly combines elements of Europe and Asia. Others - "ate" the war [34].
  Much good fortune reacted to creations graduate Crimean Cadet Corps Vsevolod Gulevich - 60 watercolors depicting Serb soldiers VI-XX centuries. in time corresponding to each of clothes and arms, which were used information Constantine VIII Porfirogeneta, frescoes of the ancient Serb monasteries, even the Russian Military Encyclopedia, published in St. Petersburg in 1867 [35]

Some impress with their colorful, expression, mood struggles, the other dressing.
From portraits of Gulevich reached us only four portraits 1939-1940.: Karageorgiœ leader, Milos Obrenovic, King Peter I, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia [36].
I was particularly impressed by a portrait of King Peter of 1912 in a gray overcoat against the backdrop of snow-capped mountains, he stands with his right arm over her side, lost in thought.
From 1935 to 1940 in the museum were paintings by Pavel Kravchenko Sergei Obrezkova, but unfortunately, they did not reach us. They were mostly portraits of the Serbian rulers, among them was the canvas with the image of Nicholas II [37].
The Military Museum is a watercolor and "Cossack" mandatory cartridge belts and woolen hat-known artist in exile Athanasius Sheloumova [38].
Unconditional interest is stored in a museum collection - Album of the Russian cavalry in 1939: 152 pictures are made with colored pencils. Their author Tsarist officer - Karim Beg Rataj, the artist-fan [39].
I managed to see some: they are impressed by the professionalism, thoroughness finishing details. Others I can now watch constantly gave me the album curator of the museum Ljubica Dabic. Some reproductions of my images are surprising style: so, looking at the Cossack, feel freebooters, delete, Eastern blood horse.
There are other riches in the museum associated with a Russian name, with the Russian army. They should be, rather than to describe. There need to go.
In many ways, only through exhibitions, information about them in the press can learn about the works of Russian artists, scattered throughout the cities of the Kingdom. Of course, most of them were in Belgrade. Consequently, more and exhibitions. The most common form of sales were exhibition markets, which sell various crafts Russian, exhibited there and pictures, icons.
In the spring exhibition-bazaar in May 1922, visitors could see the icons TM-finals: Feodorovskaya Mother of God, Chernigov Mother of God, St. Nicholas, St. Panteleimon, St. Seraphim of Sarov [40].
At the permanent exhibition-bazaar in September 1922 with the representation V. S. (st. Nemanina, 26) could enjoy an embroidered picture of Hoffman-Stepanova - "Walk on the boat" [41].
Each earned, as he could. You can call DP Mordvinova. In 1922 he completed a curious scene: "Inside the oval-shaped laurel wreath, decorated with the royal crown on top and the sides of the Serbian coat of arms is written in ink small but clear handwriting the entire pedigree dynasty Karageorgievich, in some places pedigree pressure of the pen is made somewhat stronger. As a result of fuel energy is obtained portrait-bust-size EV King Alexander. Resourceful artist asked the Ministry of Court for permission for the reproduction of a portrait [42].
But I do not know whether it was required. One thing is certain - the extraordinary painter. Unfortunately, his fate, I have no information.
He earned the portraits of local community and government leaders and George Ignatievich Grinkevych Sudnik-known fact that in 1914 led the artwork and he painted in Saint-Petersburg Sergievskij All Artillery Cathedral [43].
Arranged and traveling exhibitions, as it did in 1923, M. Kosenko and V. Obrazkov (Bitola, Prilep, Nis, Skopje, Belgrade). The most expensive - 5 thousand dinars, cheapest - 50 dinars, ie, one dollar. Belgrade are able to see and illustrations Kosenko to the Tale of Tsar Saltan "(14 pictures), images and Macedonian makedonki, which seemed not to have been in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The audience can laugh, looking at his cartoons on the Soviet "Cut the audience" - Trotsky, Lenin, Chicherin Kollontai, etc. His friend S. Obrazkov staked on the portraits of public figures - the king and queen, Nikola Pasic, hoping to purchase them by the authorities to decorate the reception and other official premises. Was presented and a popular story "Prince Marko in front of the Sultan." Under Vasnetsov was worked painting "Mother of God". Fans of nudity, "the Europeans" could be considered with interest "an interesting novel," and "Good Morning" [44].
Is rich in the exhibition was in 1924.
At Easter week opened an exhibition Pastukhov brothers Victor and Boris.
First introduced to the public 16 paintings, mostly still lifes, which he managed better, such as "Flowers" [45].
Second - 72 paintings, including portraits of Vasa Lazarevic, his wife, Lydia Shunevich. There have excellent performance still lifes, such as composition with two clay cups and a plate with an egg. Less successful, according to a newspaper browser, were landscapes (Lake Bled and others). Display and nude, such as Carmen - Garden. (I do not know how receptive to this picture, Russian opera singer Elena Sadovaya, winner of the mezzo-soprano. - VK) [46]. I should add that in February 1928 he was held in the building of the Academy of Science Fair - a picturesque "report" on the visit to Italy and Venice. You could admire the paintings «S. Marko »,« The old facade "," Channel S. Apostoli », which, according to Constantine Shumlevicha, can be called" lilac channel "with perfectly written out water, solar channel« S. Giovanni e Paolo », the famous" House of the Doges. In his paintings "the dazzling brilliance of the sun striking the eye blue sky, bright reflections - from pale orange to crimson - the sunlight on the walls of houses, storozhaschih Venetian canals. There were also represented, and custom portraits of "Mrs. N. Rouge", "Mrs. Ana Novakovic," Ms. Tsana Tadic "[47], with the money from which he, perhaps, undertook a mission.
But what I'm all about the realist, Impressionist landscape painter, etc., etc. - were among the Russian artists and their avant-garde. I know El Lisitsky and other admirers of geometric curves, but to my shame I did not know of Belgrade Michael Petrov. Almost forgotten in Russia now, his name is closely connected with the revolutionary look at the painting. In 1924 his work in the compositions was presented at the first exhibition of avant-garde art in Belgrade. The name of Smith, who later became a founding member of the Academy of Applied Arts in Belgrade, is inseparable from the scandalous avant-garde journal "Zenit" (it proclaim the idea of LA Mitsicha of "Balkanization of Europe, the Balkan civilization, a Balkan culture, cultural emancipation of Europe"), in which edition acquainted with the works of his fans Petrova, in the style of anti-art-related bauhausovskim funtsionalizmom, with the power of the machine civilization, with postkubisticheskim decomposition form, with futuristic form of dynamism in the portrait of [48].
Returning to the weather and the principle of a realist-romantic, I would say that in July 1024 in Conference-Export Bank, which was a permanent exhibition of paintings from the collection of patron and collector of Russian paintings Danilo Popovic, were displayed 10 thumbnails MV Vinogradova: Surf "," Sunset "," Novorossiysk "," Elbrus "," Night ". "Volga", "sea view", miniatures with the Crimean species. Serbian motives were well represented in the "Castle on Ibra" [49].
In August 1924 at the second exhibition of Russian artists were seen works by young artists Nikolai Isayev, who was under the influence of St. Petersburg Shuhaeva and Yakovleva, and Ananias Verbitskogo. Yury Rakitin, tsenivshy painting, understood it, wrote in The New Times:
  "Despite the strong propensity (Yakovleva. - VK) to easel painting ... visible and decorative talent. Its a small thing "Hunger" is good composition. Nice and colorful sketches of Bosnia. Undoubtedly he is all in the spirit of St. Petersburg "World of Art", while juicy Hanani Verbitsky gravitates toward "the Moscow Union". His sketches for Khovanshchina, several portraits and drawing the curtain on the window, and mostly copies of ancient murals - all these things they say about the talent of the young artist "[50].
Ibid Belgrade are able to admire the sculptural group "Attack of the Cossacks" of living in Vrshtse Academician PA Samonova [51], the author of the famous monuments in Moscow and Peterhof.
   I'll try to recall at least one, the most famous. I'm talking about the monument "the white general" Mikhail Dmitrievich Skobelev, the hero of the liberation of the Balkan Bulgaria. It was erected in 1912 at Tverskaya Square, named Skobelevskaya. The sculptural ensemble included a horse statue of General, the careening into battle with sword held high. In 1918 the monument was demolished by the Bolsheviks. The area became known as the Soviet, which established a new monument - an obelisk Freedom, and in 1954 there appeared already to all the familiar monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.
In the summer of 1925 in the hotel "Paris" popularizing Russian painting Popovich opened an exhibition of paintings by Russian and Serbian artists. There was AI Sheloumov with pictures: "The Cossacks" (highway, the Cossacks are a hike), "The Tragedy of Russia - the beginning of the Civil War" (Russian murdered Russian). Almost unknown now, Varun-Sekret fielded "Sunny Garden", "Suburbs of Dubrovnik," Vinogradov "Entrance to the Dardanelles - a dark night, Marina, A. A. -" The motive from the tank. " Were there and B. Zielinski, and AP Sosnowski [52], who arrived in Belgrade from Cetinje, where he taught children in school drawing [53].
In the autumn followed by a tireless Popovich exhibition arranged at the Hotel Kleridzh "where you could see the marina Vinogradova, Zelinsky landscapes, battle scenes Sheloumova, sketches Litvinov, including his" Volga ", paintings by Varun-Sekret -" The last rays of the sun "," Winter in agony "," Hare in the field ", Sosnovsky" Bay in Dubrovnik, Anatolevicha "Road" picture of the "Neighborhood of the Crimea" AA Dolgov, general-lieutenant of artillery, became a professional artist, landscape painter [54].
1926 was particularly generous to the exhibition. I will mention two.
  Alexey Pletnev, State Councilor, son of PP Pletnev - a friend of Pushkin, which was dedicated to "Eugene Onegin", made a gift to women, putting 25 small paintings - types of Athos, where a female no entry [55].
Boris Pastukhov in May, has managed to arrange a personal exhibition of 114 paintings - landscape, still life, portrait and eye-catching appearance nue. In the press there were portraits of King Alexander and singer Lizaveta Ivanovna Popova in "Manon" [56], which will be discussed in due course.
             In the UK there were many monuments of the past, and a big role in getting acquainted with the inhabitants of the capital of his wealth was played again, Russian artists. They awakened a real interest in medieval art, especially murals. Theater artists Brailovsky, I repeat, the figures from the frescoes have borrowed their costumes for the staging of "foundling" Nušić that was a real sensation [57].
And in February 1927 in the building of the university opened an exhibition 36 copies of the frescoes of the medieval Serbian monasteries and V. A. Verbitskogo Predaevicha [58].
Perhaps they would be and more exposed, but ... prevented lovers purity belivshie used to over the dirty wall murals from the time the churches of the new Kingdom.
One of the Russian Belgrade, recounting a trip to Macedonia, which by then in his staff, wrote that they wanted to see the frescoes of the time of King Milutin in a temple near the village of Nagorichany, near Kumanovo valley, but on arriving there, they saw the wall, gleaming white, except for one . Caretaker sadly explained to them that lime was not enough, "but nothing for Christmas and this whitewashed. Everywhere is clean "[59].

Now a bit about women: they not only painted, but they themselves, as I said, knew how to hold a brush in his little white hands.
  In the same year in the South Slavic Club of Journalists (King of Milan, 43) an exhibition of paintings by the famous battle-granddaughter of Academician Pavel Osipovich Lyudmila Kovalevsky Rykk-Kovalevskaya [60].
About her paintings wrote that her "the most successful with the motive-afternoon light without the sun and the morning rays. Fabrics "Giordano", "Morning on the Sava," In Ertsegnovi "[61].
Two other Russian women Maria Nenadich and Alfred Markovic staged at the same time an exhibition of his paintings in the halls of the main school on the street of King Peter. The talented artist, wife of the royal diplomat Russophile Milan Nenadicha, philanthropist, one of the founders of the Russian home for elderly workers in tsarist Russia Nenadich (born Countess Nirod) Maria Adolfovna (? -10. 11. 1930, Belgrade) - all of it - has exposed "pretty picture" with the views of Aval, Topchidera, Kalemegdan, her paintings was topped with a mountain of Slovenia with the key-ruins, "thrilled" Adriatic, "pictured with its beauty" Dalmatia. Mrs. Alfred introduced several male and female portraits. Fascinated her copies of paintings by Frans Gals [62]. By the way, be a copyist is a very difficult, we must be equal to the skill of the artist, which is reproduced.
Late autumn held a personal exhibition Sosnovsky and his wife in an officer's house under the auspices of Yadranskoy guards (Society of Serbian patriots, promoting maritime future of the country). The pictures of a naval officer in exile, as always had a lot of the sea. True, the land was added to the sea in the film "Oleander". Excellent looked the picture of the Serbian military fleet in Boka bay under the shadow of the mountain Lovćen [63]. His wife created the unusual pattern of colored patches [64].
Note that pieces of the Russian Belgrade were not only pictures of them sewed variety, I would say stylish things, decorating life.
In 1928 popularizes Russian Art in Belgrade "New Time" drew the attention of readers and the talent icon painter Grigory Mikhailovich Semenov, who lived in Pancevo, near Belgrade. "In the icons Semenov - could read Russian residents of Belgrade - sparkling with the purity of the letter and affection colors - and Vasnetsov and Nesterov, and the ancient style of Kostroma and Vladimir monasteries, skillfully joined together. Peculiar selection circuits, achieved by means of burning and beautiful Byzantine ornamentirovki complement the beauty of his work. Job Semenova - a large crucifix with figures of the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene - is set in the right corner of the Belgrade church "[65].
For the church did a lot of artists. Only one name.
  Ivan Petrovich Wild (Wild) (08. 02. 1896, St.-Petersburg-18. 07. 1990, USA, St. Petersburg, USA) - a graduate of the Kharkiv Art College, author of mural paintings in the apse Mother of God Church in Belgrade, painted the chapel and дворец короля Александра Карагеоргиевича на Дединье (Белград), создавал иконы и фрески для нескольких сельских церквей вблизи столицы Королевства. He was one of those Russian artists who decorated the temple-mausoleum of Karageorgievich Oplentse - about him one of the Russian hierarchs of the Moscow Patriarchate, recalled: "Outside ... amazingly: all white marble, the doors to massive bas-reliefs. Inside - it is difficult to resist the rapture: the floor is laid in some beautiful marble, glowing, like glass. All the walls of the temple from top to bottom are covered with mosaic pictures and icons ... This temple of its kind - a museum of religious art. The idea of the temple belongs to the Russian emigre, artists, architects of this temple were entirely Russian emigres. Lighting in this remarkable temple. Instead of glass inserted into the fine marble of different colors, which throws light and colors all located in the temple of some special color rays "[66].
In May 1928, in the pavilion of the Serbian House of Officers opened, I repeat, First Russian Art Exhibition, which colorfully written in New Times:
   "A promising schedule Ms. Andrich-Samonova - illustrations for Oscar Wilde - with imagination and peculiar figure. Draftsman with the future "," Decorative painting is also represented by strong sketches - g. Frohman (Sadko, "Snow Maiden", "Boris Godunov"), Mr. Verbitsky - moderate "Cubist", a surprising richness of planes and knowing how to balance their clutter; "stand out landscapes Kowalewski, gentle tones of rich Perspective, architectural landscapes, the Rica, giving strong array tracks urban landscapes, the prolific Kuchinsky. Colorfully drawn heavily "Croat" Mrs. Varun-secret. With regard to the applied arts, in Russian it has no equal. The taste, the originality and sophistication. You look at the work of studio, Ms. A. - mountain intricately painted and embroidered cushions - as skillfully, exquisitely selected fabrics, some quaintness folds, ruffles how much real beauty in this smartly adorned pestryad "[67].
At this exhibition can be seen and the picture of Nikolai Dmitrievich Kuznetsov. He was born in the middle of the past century in southern Russia in the old and rich noble family. Up to 35 years had run on his estate, brought a new breed of "Kuznetsovsky" pigs, famed for the whole ship. Arriving for Odessa, visited the traveling art exhibition and "sick" painting.
  "Talent Kuznetsova - wrote N. Breshko-Breshkovskaya - was just as magnificent as bold thick black soil, nourished, cherished this hero, gnuvshego horseshoes and turns poker into pretzel.
His first landscapes, colored figures of people and animals. Posted about 50 portraits of his daughter, the famous singer, MN Kuznetsova.
In exile, he settled in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Some of his paintings were purchased by King Alexander. For a long time he lived in Dubrovnik, where he was invited Dzhurdzhinoy Pasic to write a series of family portraits [68].
  If there is a high art, calculated on the elite, it must necessarily be low - for the masses, or, roughly speaking, the crowd. Art itself, however, remains as such, are not changing in its nature. Here the talented young Russian also contributed, speaking pioneers strip (comic book) in the metropolitan press. Fans of this new genre could regularly enjoy adventure stories, not only in engineering graphics, but also laugh at the exact features of urban life caught in the transfer of everyday situations.
The most well-known artists in this area, requiring a maximum of Expressionism with a minimum of means, were artists George Lobachev, Sergei Soloviev, Konstantin Kuznetsov, Nikolai Navoi, Ivan Shenshin Alexei Ranhner Vladimir Zhedrinsky which laid the foundation of the Serbian and Russian Strip.
In their work was well represented and the Russian theme.
Thus, through the perfected graphics picture Kuznetsov acquainted with the "Hadji Murat", "Queen of Spades", "Night Before Christmas", Zhedrinsky - from "Ruslan and Ludmilla.
This kind of adaptation of many masterpieces of Russian and world literature, probably served as the impetus for many of the original reading of classical works.
Lead was George Lobachev - an artist of exceptional style in its simplicity of talented, creative intuition. His style was distinguished by kindness, clarity and freshness. He understood the strip as a completely new artistic discipline, a new type of communication, integral art [69].
Authors of "strips" were grouped around the magazine "Mickey Mouse", which, thanks to them, became the leading publication in the field "novels in the strip." The first issue of this journal was published in 1936, initiated its publication became a Russian emigre Alexander Ivkovic, who married a Serb and who took her surname. He was the owner of the publishing and photo-etching "Rus". In 1937 he, together with L. Lusztig established company at Universal Press, which began to issue "strip novels.
And Konstantin Kuznetsov was the artist, which we can say, holding the magazine. From 1937 to 1941, he drew 25 strips. That he was "the main weapon in competition. In addition to the Russian classics, he painted strips "Countess Margot", "Baron Vampire", "Three Lives". In addition to the "Mickey Mouse" Kuznetsov published in the journals Zabavník "," Tarzan "," Politikin amusing. He studied and caricature. There was no stranger to advertising (the advertising artist in-store clothes "Matic"). Known as an illustrator: the books "1001 Nights", "Little Lord Fauntleroy."
On the eve of war, two days before the German bombing of Belgrade came out last issue of "Mickey Mouse". It is symbolic that this issue was an end to strip entitled "Printing of death"!
In the new times Kuznetsov paints posters, working studio chief for propaganda department "Southeastasia" the German command in Serbia. In his cartoons, Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt, with the first two with red noses. The British Empire at it - the traditional decrepit lion, black America brought a furious bull, assault on the world map, the Soviet Union - a polar bear with a huge paw on the political map. Often, the theme for the cartoons were relations between the allies with the usual conclusion: London, leading a dirty game, cheated unfair policies of Washington and Moscow, as "although they have different star, but one goal - to achieve greater redistribution of the world, and behind them all stands Jew, a figure which should confirm the theory of Nazi anti-Semitism and the justification for racial struggle in the world.
In the historical archives in Belgrade and is now stored fifty posters Kuznetsova war years [70].
War's war, but life went on ... We organize regular art exhibitions.
In 1942, the exhibition still remember the "wall of Stepan Fedorovich Kolesnikov, highlighting the soft and at the same time of the call-cheerful colors of his canvases the entire exhibition hall, which is in the midst of this harmony combined sculpture Zagorodniuk" [71].
In June of next year with about the same composition opened an exhibition of Russian artists in the halls of art pavilion at Kalemegdane. Participants: Sosnovskij Arseny, Verbitsky Hanani - artist-designer, Alexey Vasiliev, Grebenshchikov Oleg, Anatoly Zolotarev, Zagorodniuk Vladimir, Kovalevskaya-Rykk Lyudmila, bulb-Seletskaya Olga, Sergey Kuchinsky, Reznikov Basil, Boyadjiev, Galina, Papkov Andrei Sakharov-Stojanovic, Tarasov, Sheloumov Athanasius, Viktor Shevtsov, Boris Shapovalov, Hrisogonov Michael. Over two hundred exhibits [72].
December 15, 1943 Russian artists staged in the Russian house of night, collection of which went to the winter assistance. needy Russian people, and there were many, freezing and starving. His paintings exhibited at the auction: Boyadjiev, Verbitsky, Zagorodniuk, Zolotarev, Kovalevskaya, Kolesnikov, Kolb-Seletskaya, Kuchinsky, Rykk, Sosnowski, Hrizogonov, Shramchenko. Was nobility and savagery was: when to help the poor "person with a large free trade earnings by 4 dinars and asked them to leave him alone" [73].
The war is over, and again for many artists started "running". Alexey Arseniev in his remarkable register name of Russian emigrants in Yugoslavia led a number of names: Ivan Rykk left for Argentina, Vladimir Zagorodniuk - in Australia, Michael Hrisogonov - Venezuela, Athanasius Sheloumov - in West Germany, Arseniy Sosnowski - in Sweden, Vladimir Predaevich - in Chile, Andrew Folder - in Argentina, Pastukhov Boris - in the UK ...

Of course, there were those who remained. Among them are Elena Kiseleva-Bilimovich, Alexei Vasiliev, Hanani Verbitsky, Alex Hansen, Stepan Kolesnikov, Sergey Kuchinsky, Alexander Lazhechnikov, Nicholas Navoi ...
Someone was arrested and taken to the camps, as Boris Litvinov, who died in the Gulag.
But whether the students from Russian artists? Certainly be answered in the affirmative. One of the students Michael Petrov in Belgrade Academy of Fine Arts was Mladen Srbinovich, since 1988 member of the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences, from 1997 - Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences. In December 2005, while in Belgrade, I visited his exhibition of paintings in the hall of the Academy of Knez Mihailova Street. Impressive phantasmagoria of colors. The simplification of lines is organically combined with the philosophy of his ideas.
We can not say that the Russian masters of their letter, which is characteristic for native art in the late XIX. And lightly touched by modernity, have had a great influence on the Serbian artistic environment, where the then dominant "Parisian School". But it should be noted that it is realistic, the treatment of subjects to the historical past, its traditions and heroes, it was organic to the society, which builds, trying to create life, not on the ruins of the past, but at its foundation.
 


________________________________________
[1] Russian Home ... 24-25.

[2] New time. 1930. 6. V. Number 2707. C. 2.

[3] Russian House ..., p. 27.

[4] unforgotten grave. M., 2001. T. 3. 383.

[5] New time. 1922. 3. I. Number 210. C. 3.

[6] Ibid. 1925. 26. XI. Number 1375. C. 3.

[7] S. Turlakov Ordinance. cit. P. 43.

[8] New time. 1928. 16. V. Number 2110. P. 3; Mejinschi J. Jelena Andrejevna Кисељов Bilimovich //Rus without Rusije ... S. 141-148; it is. Cases ðóñêèé umetnika have beogradskim kulturnim zbirkama /Rusca emigratsija ... 89-90.

[9] See in detail: Kosik VI Russian Church in Yugoslavia (20 - 40 years. XX century). M., 2000.

[10] See in detail: Ibid. S. 65, 164-165, 226; Колунџић D. Crkveni slikarstvo OD 1920 to 1970 godina /Spomenitsa about 50 годишњици васпостављања Srpske Patriarshije. Beograd, 1971. S. 388.

[11] A. Nesgovorov Artists //Russian American. 1997. Number 21. P. 144.

[12] Zavalishin Vyach. Best house painter of our time (the fifth anniversary of the death of Pimen Sofronova) //Russian revival. New York-Moscow-Paris. 1980. Number 12. S. 182.

[13] Archive of the author. Record memories AV Taraseva.

[14] A. Nesgovorov Ordinance. cit. S. 146-147.

[15] unforgotten grave. M., 2004. T. 4. 177.

[16] J. Mejinschi Things Russian umetnika ... 89-90.

[17] New time. 1927. 9. IV. Number 1783. C. 3.

[18] Ibid. 17. IV. Number 1790. C. 3.

[19] Ibid. 7. VII. Number 1851. C. 3.

[20] Ibid. 1930. 13. VII. Number 2763. C. 4.

[21] unforgotten grave. T. 4. 177.

[22] New time. 1930. 11. III. Number 2661. C. 4.

[23] Ibid. 28. I. Number 2625. C. 3.

[24] S. Turlakov Ordinance. cit. P. 43.

[25] Russian House ..., p. 26.

[26] Ibid. S. 27.

[27] New time. 1930. 15. III. Number 2665. C. 3.

[28] Ibid. 14. III. Number 2664. C. 3.

[29] Ibid. 16. III. Number 2666. C. 3.

[30] Mejinschi-Миловановић J. Cases slikara terms "light umetnosti" from Beogradskom national muzeju /Separat. Zbornik narodnog muzeja - Beograd. XVII /2. Istorija umetnosti. Beograd. Narodni muzej. S. 385.

[31] Ibid. S. 395-397.

[32] A. Арсењев Biografski imenik ðóñêèé emigranata. P. 238.

[33] Дабић ©. Ruski umetnitsi emigranti have Vojnom muzeju. Catalog изложбе. Beograd, 1996. S. 16, 24.

[34] Ibid. S. 17, 29.

[35] Ibid. S. 17, 30.

[36] Ibid. 17-18.

[37] Ibid. P. 18.

[38] Ibid.

[39] Ibid.

[40] New time. 1922. 24. V. Number 323. C. 3.

[41] Ibid. 17. IX. Number 418. C. 3.

[42] Ibid. 12. XI. Number 466. S. 5.

[43] Royal Gazette. 1934. 25. II. Number 385. C. 3.

[44] New time. 1923. 25. VII. Number 671. C. 3.

[45] Ibid. 1924. 4. V. Number 905. C. 3.

[46] Ibid.

[47] Ibid. 1928. 11. II. Number 2033. C. 3.

[48] I. Суботић front page изложба vanguard umetnosti in Beograd 1924 godina /Годишњак hail Beograd. 2002-2003. Књ. XLIX - L. S. 357, 359, 360.

[49] New time. 1924. 17. VII. Number 965. C. 3.

[50] Ibid. 28. VIII. Number 1000. S. 5.

[51] Ibid. 31. VIII. Number 1002. C. 3.

[52] Ibid. 1925. 16. VI. Number 1236. C. 3.

[53] A. Арсењев Biografski imenik ðóñêèé emigranata. S. 307.

[54] New time. 1925. 24. IX. Number 1321. P. 3; unforgotten grave. M,. 1999. T. 2. S. 398.

[55] New time. 1926. 17. III. Number 1464. P. 3; unforgotten grave. T. 5. S. 482.

[56] New time. 1926. 8. V. 1926. Number 1506. C. 2.

[57] S. Turlakov Ordinance. cit. P. 43.

[58] New time. 1927. 18. II. Number 1740. C. 3.

[59] Ibid. 1924. 24. VII. Number 971. 2-3.

[60] Ibid. 1927. 30. III. Number 1774. C. 4.

[61] Ibid. 7. IV. Number 1781. C. 2.

[62] Ibid. 19. X. Number 1940. P. 3; unforgotten grave. T. 5. 80.

[63] New time. 1927. 8. XI. Number 1957. C. 2.

[64] Ibid. C. 3.

[65] Ibid. 1928. 30. III. Number 2074. C. 3.

[66] JMP. 1946. Number 5. P. 44; Арсењев A. Biografski imenik ðóñêèé emigranata. P. 251.

[67] New time. 1928. 16. V. Number 2110. C. 3.

[68] Ibid. 1927. 12. V. Number 1807. S. 1-2.

[69] J. Богдановић. Ђорђе Lobachev or детињство koje not prolazi //Russia without Rusije ..., p. 152.

[70] B. Ракочевић services have strip and - okupatora //Politics. 1996. 9 VIII. C. 9.

[71] Russian business. 1943. 20. VI. № 3. S. 5.

[72] Ibid.

[73] Ibid. 5. XII. Number 27. P. 4.

[hanzen]

Of course thanks! Topic is very interesting, especially if you pay attention to the increase in how many works by artists of the Russian emigration of the Balkan region ", exhibited at antique shops in Moscow.
There is a question for you, ALLENA, where the material? All he or dissertation or monographic. So who's the author?
Since I am in the topic, the most interesting was the piece where you write about the artist Alexey Vasiliev. Most likely he arrived in Dubrovnik on the cruiser "Eagle" under the command Kititsyna.Udivitelnaya istoriya.Oni sailed through Japan and Singapur.Perenesli many hardships. Many of the arriving officers and cadets of the Vladivostok Naval Academy and their families remained in Dubrovnik, but some decided to go to Sevastopol.Pribyli there when the "reds" were in town. And they again fled.
This year in Zagreb, I met with Professor Vladimir Chernyayev-Colonel Aviation retired. From him learned a lot about Michael Chernyaeve.O it so much has been written in Serbia and in Russia we know practically nothing.
Add to the fact that you have written, I can only what is listed among the selected artists who worked and exhibited in Yugoslavia, including at the exhibition in 1930, was an artist of the Naval Staff of Russia, Alexei V. Ganzen.V Zagreb in July this year, looking Three of his pupils - Arseny Sosnovsky, unfortunately, kept in very poor condition.
Best regards

http:/www.hanzen.ru

[Allena]

Сообщение от hanzen

where the material? All he or dissertation or monographic. So who's the author?

Sorry, haste: shy:.
http://zarubezhje.narod.ru/texts/Kos...Belgrada06.htm

Author: Kosik VI "What I care about you, bridge Belgrade: Essays on Russian emigres in Belgrade (1920 - 1950)"

[color="# 666686"]Added after 5 minutes[/color]
Previous chapter - "RUSSIAN architects. Memorial"
          
Belgrade

Yugoslav capital,

I came to you was taken prisoner,

As Slavic queen

In a decorated harem

How to Ludmila Chernomor

But to my shame,

Indignant and angry,

I feel the thief

Baffling affection.

Here the temptation speeches Privetnoye

  The golden walls of dawn,

Generous springs,

Gentle winters

You're beautiful, my lord.

But still I will not

Loud happy miracle,

I answer silence

At alluring speech.

I'll wait to be yours,

Abductor-magician!

                      Olga K.

And now a little bit of prose: "Old Belgrade with the lopsided Turkish houses, where the floors hanging one above the other, quickly and disappears. And as quickly in her eyes, grows a new European city with tall buildings, with tar pavements, re-timed with wide streets. And in this wildly evolving work of Russian life in Belgrade is a great place. A number of buildings for government agencies or wholly designed by Russian architects (eg the building of the General Staff, the draft of the VF Baumgarten, Ministry of Finance, the project NPKrasnov), or with the close participation: these are the Ministry of Forests and Mountains and the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky. In many cities, the announcement of competition for the design of buildings is awarded Russian: Lukomski, Andros, Folders, Messarosh, Rykk, sculptor Zagorodniuk and other names of Russian architects often encountered in the list of prized ...»[1]

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In the interwar period, Serbian wrote architectural historian A. Kadievich, there are three generations of architects. The first can be attributed by well-established professionals who have more education in Russia. The second - those who did not, as a result of wars and revolutions, to realize their homeland. By the third - the young, educated in Belgrade. The first and second generations realize themselves by building in the style of Russian academic and in the Serbian-Byzantine architectural transcription. Third erect buildings in the spirit of contemporary Serbian architecture [2].

By 1930 in Yugoslavia was about 35 civil engineers and architects. Of these, 3 /4 were permanently employed in their field in the ministries of public works, military and urban public boards, and the rest were engaged in private practice, designing, supervision of works and contracts. They were directly involved in the preparation of a large number of projects, churches and monumental buildings.

Russian architects designed and built at least 200-250 private homes only in Belgrade. Most large, both public and public buildings is often linked with a Russian name.

Relations with Serbian counterparts were very cool because of jealousy, envy to the architect of Russia, often receive government contracts without competition. In 1928, the club of architects in Belgrade, published a list of 73 of its members, among them there was not a Russian name, although the city had dozens of architects from Russia. The reason - the rivalry, jealousy, envy, [3].

Russian architects were among the sponsors of interiors of the National Assembly in the capital, the Royal Court on Dziedzina.

The elements of avant-garde architecture, which has not adopted the older generation, used, for example, Pavel Krat (1907, Saratov, 1969, Kiev), Leonid Z. Maksheyev, Alexander Medvedev (1900, Melitopol-1984, Nis, Yugoslavia), partially Andriy Papkov (28. 10. 1890, blue spot, Crimea-17. 04. 1972, Argentina), Grigory Ivanovich Samoilov (08. 09. 1904, Taganrog-16. 10. 1989, Belgrade), Tatarinov [4].

Specialists with the name and experience working mainly in the architectural department of the Ministry of construction, which received orders mainly from Serbia, Macedonia, Bosnia, Montenegro, and rarely from the Catholic Croatia.

It worked Nikolai Krasnov (23. 11. 1864, Hanetino /Honyatino?, Kolomna district-08. 12. 1939, Belgrade)., Vasily Mikhailovich Androsov (ca. 1872-1944, Belgrade), Viktor Lukomski (24. 11 . 1884, on the other data: 1895-1943, for other data: 02/15. 06. 1947, Belgrade), Valeriy Stashevsky (09. 03. 1882, St.-Petersburg-1945, the Soviet Union, according to sources, etc. -after 1950, Morocco), William Fedorovich Baumgarten, background (30. 10. 1879, St.-Petersburg-13. 05. 1962, Buenos Aires), Roman N. Verkhovsky (28. 01. 1881, Minsk Province .- 30. 01. 1968, New York). Many of the Russian found his place in various urban and regional services, the Ministry of mail, banking associations, construction and engineering offices, small firms [5].

 

Introduction

 

People always have the custom to leave something else. In fact, our entire civilization is built on this "friend", and the architecture is a brilliant confirmation of this assertion. And when you come to Belgrade, walking through its streets, then you cover a strange feeling that this is a very unique city! In its architecture mixed all the styles. He is eclectic, he is "other". It can be seen, if you want, and Rome and St. Petersburg, and Vienna. It is and constructivism, and the Empire, Russian Empire. And the brilliant master of the Russian Empire became our Russian architect Nikolai Krasnov. On it is now known to many, even a street in Yalta, named in his honor. Yet I believe that if we begin to speak from the pages of this book about the architecture of Belgrade, we must again remember his name.

 

                                                   * * *

 

Nikolai Krasnov was born in a peasant family. In 1885 he graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He worked as the architect of the city of Yalta: engaged in construction and restoration of the palace buildings.

In Russia, he made his name on the creation of Nicholas II's summer palace at Livadia. "The architect Krasnov - a wonderful young man" - he called it the Emperor [6]. In 1911 he was granted the title "Architect of the Highest Court. Two years later he was awarded the title of academician.

In the Kingdom Krasnov came from Malta, particularly the work there was not, and he asked the Union of Russian engineers to facilitate moving it to the Kingdom of C x C. Union took the appropriate measures [7], and in April 1922 he settled in Belgrade, where quite easily find work in their specialty in the Ministry of Construction, heading a group of monumental building.

Known that he belongs to the reconstruction of the church Ruzica in downtown Belgrade - Kalemegdan fortress. He worked on the interiors of the Royal Palace on the white Dziedzina in the building of the National Assembly. He owns and designs decoration Bridge of Alexander I in Belgrade. Designed and homes: Street Terazie, 14, in which there are commercial and residential premises, home to the street. Prince Michael, 9, Radoylovicha house on the corner of Zmaya Jovanovic and brothers Jugovic, house number 14 on the street. kn. Milos [8].

It is possible that the project Krasnov in Belgrade was built and "House of Freemasons" in the Baroque style. Only the picture of the drawing of the building. According to the recollections of some of Belgrade, the "House of Masons" was on the street. Jur Jakšić. But in the archive not found information about whether this was indeed a building constructed or left only in the drawing [9].

From government orders in Belgrade can be mentioned the building of the Ministry of Finance, erected in 1926-1928. (corner of st. Prince Milos and Nemaninoy Street.). This - indoor unit with an inner courtyard with a facade in the style of strict academic. On the dome of the building was placed allegorical statue of Yugoslavia. In 1938 the building was "masterly" built on by his own project [10]. In 1926, Krasnov has developed plans for the facades and interiors of two ministries - of forest and natural resources and agriculture and water resources (the area between the streets Nemaninoy, Prince Milos, Birchaninovoy and New). Built against each other, they had to symbolize the power of the new state. The same purpose is served by numerous statues and bas-reliefs on the facades [11]. He is the author of the draft State Archives building in Serbia (Street Carnegie, 2).

As in other studies Krasnov, facades adorned with decorative elements of artificial stone. Moreover, large sculptural he carried himself [12].

In 1927 he worked on the theater "Manege".

  His story is as follows: after the war, was erected in 1860, building horse arena was rebuilt - was equipped with a second stage for the National Theater (1920). At the scene were reporting the Moscow Art Theater with plays of Chekhov and Dostoyevsky. In 1927, after one of the representations of the theater burned down.

In 1928, the project Krasnov was built in the academic style of the new building, re-give-theater, the facade of which was now adorned with sculptural decoration. Since 1931 the house was located in the National Assembly. During the Second World War, "Manege" re-opened as a theater, but for the occupation forces [13]. In 1947 there was opened the Yugoslav Drama Theater. In the same year it was rebuilt and has undergone further reconstructions. But as a result of rearrangements of 1980 on its facade there was a place with a sculpture of the former "Manege", reminiscent of creativity Krasnov [14].

Signed Nikolai Krasnov standing under the project "interior that includes all the details of finishes, designs of doors, windows, fixtures and furniture, all the external decor and a fence around the park, surrounded by the Parliament (the National Assembly) [15].

Megastar was Roman N. Verkhovsky. He was descended from an ancient noble family of Kostroma, which comes down to the younger line to Prince Mstislav Udalov. Son of a valid State Councilor Nikolai Petrovich Verkhovsky, the famous railway figure, RN Verkhovsky graduated from the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg with the title of architect-artist. In 1912, as the winner of the Academy, was sent to Spain where he was researching styles - renesssansa and Moorish. In 1913 he returned to St. Petersburg, he was appointed architect of the buildings own His Imperial Majesty the Office of Institutions of Empress Maria and ... architect of the Board of Bukhara railway. Perhaps the last appointment was associated with paternal activities.

In 1914, like many of his peers, Verkhovsky volunteer went to war. In 1915 he received a commission.

Marked domestic awards to St. Stanislaus II class. with swords, inclusive, and the Persian Order "The Lion and the Sun» III Art.

In 1920, Verkhovsky replaced tunic for a civilian suit, he emigrated to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes [16]. Worked in the Palace Office, the Ministry of Construction, had his studio. Lived in Zemun, a suburb of Belgrade. Repeatedly participated in collective exhibitions. Among his works there and sculpture, and painting.

At the first Russian exhibition in 1922 Verkhovskii immediately drew the attention of highly symbolic composition. It showed: the Bolshevik monster in the form of a snake on the crest of an enormous wave, a white horse warrior at the top of the stone block, with the eyes, built to the sky as if waiting for help from God, at the bottom - a dead lion - a symbol of Czarist Russia. This work Verkhovsky, an artist was, as noted by commentators, the most impressive showpiece. The first and the successful start of Verkhovsky architect was the development of elements of Russian academic and Secession facade L. Avakumovich in the heart of Belgrade (Knez Mihailova Street, 34). On the Russian exhibition in 1924 he exhibited, unfortunately, does not save the project of parliament, the monument of Serbian glory and victory, and a sketch of the Russian Church in Belgrade. His works were presented in 1928 at the Great Exhibition of the Society of Russian artists, received excellent reviews in the press. In particular, they noted that the work Verkhovsky "stand out bright artistic personality, which sees not only in building design and excellent interior chambers ... the perfection possessing all the richness of color, he gravitates to the Byzantine style, giving a pronounced samples of his beauty, he showed exceptional beauty of the interiors for the royal villa at Dziedzina. It was emphasized that Alexander I has in its collection some of his creations. In June 1929, the first salon architecture Verkhovsky exhibited several works, kept in the national style. He participated as an artist and organized in March 1930 the exhibition "Russian Art in Exile [17].


Among the works Verkhovsky - a monumental sculpture in the Assembly building, the details for the decoration of the royal palace on Dziedzina fountain, "Hercules" ( "Laocoon") in Topchiderskom Park [18].

Upon entering the house officers was installed statue, as written in New Times, "whether, Pallas Athena, or Mars, or Athena-warrior or something else" [19]. We sometimes found it and are ill with the knowledge of ancient gods, mostly known for Venus.

  There have Verkhovsky and two grand memorial, located in the New Cemetery.

The first is devoted to "the Defenders of Belgrade" 1914-1915 gg. in the Great War, and was built in 1931

The monument was erected above the mass grave of several thousand soldiers and a South Slavic warrior (sculpture by V. Zagorodniuk), proudly holding a banner and confidence based on the rifle. At the feet of the warrior has fallen mortally wounded eagle, representing the German enemy. "The whole composition of the monument clearly expresses the idea of the victory of good over evil". The height of the monument - almost 20 m, the figure of a warrior - more than 4 m, the figure of an eagle 14 m. These two figures are cast from a dark copper, other tracks - stone. "Under the monument is the tomb, where are collected in separate boxes set into the walls, the remains of heroes. In each box: number, rank, surname and date of his death. Among the Serbian family names can be found also the names of Russian officers ". For this monument, the largest in the Balkans, Verkhovsky was awarded the Order of St. Sava III Art. [20]

It is still more than a monument to the Serbs. A Russian? There are so, and not far away.

At the Russian station stands now - near Iver chapel - a monument of Russian glory. Erected in 1935, the monument is made in the form of a shell with a figure of the Archangel Michael at the top. On the monument engraved coat Russia and several inscriptions. One of them - in Russian - reads: "May the memory of Emperor Nicholas II and 2 000 000 Russian soldiers of the Great War. Another - in Serbian: "Brave fallen brothers in Thessalonica Russian front. 1914-1918. Sam this memorial was built is not easy: it was difficult to get funds, and, most importantly, to awaken memory. Initiator of the building, Colonel Michael Skorodumov, knight of St. George, wounded 11 times, lost his right arm in the war, organized the collection of necessary funds. "Every stone that went to the construction of the monument, was valued at 300 dinars, and it got out the name of the donor [21].

Skorodumov himself wrote later in his memoirs: "In order to stop the amplified sympathy for the Serbs to the Council of Deputies and bring them back to Tsarist Russia, I started the construction of the monument to Russian soldiers and carrying the remains of Russian soldiers and officers from the Thessaloniki front in Belgrade. It would seem that it is in the interests of all Russian immigrants, an excuse to unite and organize society-South Slavic-Russian demonstration in honor of National Russia.

But there was something, was a terrible noise, intrigue, dirty, anonymous and struggle, that in whatever was to me like this initiative. I almost wrecked the whole thing. Wrote to the king, wrote the minister, wrote to my friends the Serbs, that I am a Communist, a madman, that I killed his father and mother that I was a criminal type, and everything you want. This was done by the upper classes, ie, a leader of the emigration, but the lower classes were a little better "[22].

Nevertheless, the memorial was built. Patriarch Barnabas and Metropolitan Anthony solemnly consecrated the monument-chapel in the presence of the king. Downstairs, in the chapel, is an icon - the blessing of the Moscow City 7 th at particular Russian troops and transported in a different time the remains of Russian soldiers in a solemn setting: a colonel and 138 of the lower ranks, who died in defense of Belgrade in 1915, 12 officers and 387 low ranks - Warriors 2 nd and 4 th no special Russian brigades - the death of the fallen at the Thessaloniki front (more than 10 000 Russian officials are no special teams, who died there, find eternal rest in unknown graves), two sailors killed while protecting pm Kladovo on the Danube and 66 prisoners, martyred in captivity. Every year on July 19 in an hour announcement by Germany of Russia's war in the presence of Russian and Yugoslav performed a solemn memorial service at the monument [23].

In 1926, Verkhovsky issued "Album tracks the period 1923-1926" with 19 photographs [24].

In 1937, R. N. Verkhovsky moved to the United States, in New York, where he began his American period of creativity (the Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, Church of St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Lakewood, etc.)

In the galaxy of Russian architects belonged Valeriy Stashevsky. He graduated in 1908, the Nikolaev Military Engineering Academy (in exile in the early 1930's has stood at the head of the Association of Graduates), and in 1911 the architectural department of the Institute of Civil Engineers.

  Home Builders Building Officers automotive school on Semenovsky Square in St. Petersburg and Officer aeronautical schools in the Volkov field. He was married to Elizabeth (nee Stashenkovoy). He had three sons - George, Vadim and Vsevolod.

Arrived to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in early 1920 and immediately began working in the Ministry of Public Works, under whose roof worked Androsov, Lukomski, Baumgarten, Krasnov, Oleinik, Mishkovsky and other talented Russian architects.

Self began working after 1925, in 1927 registered svobstvennuyu firm, and had a special workshop for production of concrete structures (st. Kaymakchalanskaya, 51).

Valery Stashevsky was one of the most productive Russian architects. In the Historical Archives of Belgrade is over a thousand of its projects. Judging by the documents of the archive in 1921 to his designs were constructed two single-storey home - for Anne Vibeke (st. Yove Ilic, 40) and Jovana Pesic (corner Kaymakchalanskoy and Bregalnichkoy streets). In the same year he designed a two-storey house with a loft for Dusan Ristic (Boulevard of King Alexander, 126). Only the transfer of certain buildings, designed by Stashevsky take several pages. I'll try to include only the streets of Belgrade (and even then not all), where Stashevsky built on a bridge where he had gone to its facilities: Uzhichka number 17, Poems number 60, GUNDULIC Venac number 1 and 8, Dositeeva, № 21, Boulevard of King Alexander number 89, 101, 123, 135, 136, 144, cnr Topolskoy and Boka, Pristina number 42, 88, 94, corner Radnicki and Gundulicheve Str. McKenzie's number 23, 44, 68, Voyvodzhanska number 4, 10, Danilova number 55, Mileshevskaya number 11, 19, 55, Dobrachina number 63, Groblyanskaya number 19a, Dublyansky number 80, 87, Haji Reuben number 10, 14, Jewish № 15 , 25, the Krajina number 22, 27, Queen Natalia number 6, 23, 52, Nishkaya number 4, Potserskaya number 19, Dalmatian number 17, 74, Budimskaya number 34, Shumatovichkaya number 12, 89, 97, Lyuba Didovicha number 18, Mutapova number 9, 14, 28, Ratarskaya number 71, 129, Zorin, number 78, 79a, the angle Neboyshine street number 30 (32) and Rudnichkoy number 2, cnr Lomin number 23 and Queen Natalia number 26, str. King Milutin number 5, Dragachevskaya number 13, 16, Kopaonichkaya number 12 (14), Mike Evrosimy number 7, Kichevskaya number 12, on the corner of Pozorishnoy number 40 and number Gundulicheva crown 40, Neboyshina number 36, Trnskaya number 2, number 23 Shults , cnr Sitnichkoy and Manasiyskoy, Zlatiborskaya number 98, Kalenicheva number 6, Sarajevo number 27, 87, the International Brigades number 89, Novoprosechenaya, angle and Ratarskoy Chelopechkoy, Lamartine, number 31, 41, Lomin number 69, Krupskoy number 11a, Evremova number 77 , Nevesinskaya number 19, Racine, number 2, Milos Great number 47, 91, Cochin, number 46, Zlatiborskaya number 76, 98, Moliere, № 38-40, 82, heir number 31, cnr Gospodar Yovanovoy and Vishnichevoy, Mlatishumina number 30, Gospodar Yovanovoy number 29, on Maidanskaya Senyaku, Batsetina number 3, Gvozdicheva number 36 Janko Veselinovic number 15, Yovanova number 29, Knez Miletina number 87, Knichaninova number 14, Kotor number 17, Kumanovo number 13, Nolvosadskaya number 13, Charlie Chaplin's number 8 , Salonika number 10, Ultsinskaya number 20, Negosheva number 20, 22, 44, Voyvoda Protic number 19 (the owner of the house on this street was Stashevsky), 21, the magistrates Bogdan number 25, Baba Vishnina № 34-36, Zahumskaya number 29, 46 , 51, Zadar number 8, Voyevoda Savate number 20, Slobodina number 3, corner Branichevskoy and Lavachkoy, corner of Prizren and Green wedding, Sindzhelicheva number 15, etc., etc., etc. Since the beginning of 1930 to 1944 . Stashevsky designed one hundred thirty-five homes for Belgrade. His work can be divided into three groups. The first consists of a richly decorated objects (pilasters, privat twin, triangular gables, decorated with canopies, balconies and plastic ornaments in the form of a circle, crescent, diamond, often inscribed in a square). In some houses visible elements of secession: wreaths, vases, floral motifs, masks. The second - a modest building without any ornaments ornamental character. In the third group - projects to change the existing buildings. Stashevsky designed and built for the village officials "Vozhdovats. In the Historical Archives of Belgrade stored projects (early 1930) about 230 villas for this amazing bureaucratic complex. Among his works - Panagia chapel at the New Cemetery in Belgrade, reconstituted in 1930, instead of destroyed in 1929 in Moscow, home of the Russian military of persons with disabilities (1929) on Vozhdovtse, School of Chukaritse (1931), the building of a rowing club sport "Beograd "in Ada Tsiganlii (1935, draft them to perform with his son George), club officials at the People's Bank Topchidere (1938). He directed the work to build a new university building (Kralev trg, 7) [25].

In built on donations of Russian and Serbs in 1924 for his design of the Holy Trinity Church is the tomb of General Wrangel.

  Beside her were placed banners Russia army, under whom fought at Poltava, in the Alps, at Borodino, reyavshie over the Turkish fortresses and overshadowing Sevastopol. Among these, 19 banners of cavalry regiments (Elisavetgrad and Kav. Uch. Regiments, the Life Hussar Pavlograd, Olviopolskogo Lancers, Dragoons, Astrakhan, Ascension Lancers, Hussars of Kiev, Novgorod Dragoons, Lancers Odessa, Ingermanland Hussars, Lancers Chuguevsky, Izyumske Hussar, Hussar Chernigov, Tver Dragoon, Dragoon Seversky, Teke horse) and the troop flag Ural Cossack troops [26]. (During the evacuation in 1944, the banners were removed from the country. Next they lost in Europe.)

In the church of the Holy Trinity was built Kyoto in memory of Emperor Nicholas II, Admiral Kolchak, General Kornilov, a marble plaque - brought from the Far East - in memory of General Dieterichs. Here were exhibited the silver trumpet and horns of St. George and St. Nicholas a pipe - the time of the Crimea in 1920 [27] In the temple of the Holy Trinity in recent times placed a plaque with the names of Russian soldiers who died in 1992-1993. in the battle for Serbia: Theological Constantine, Ganievsky Vasily Kotov, Gennady, Chekalin Dimitri Nimenko Andrei, Vladimir Shashin, Dimitry Popov, Sergey Meleshko, Alexander Alexandrov, Geshatov Victor.

After the war Stashevsky moved to Morocco (1950) [28].

  And in Belgrade were the streets, on which stood his house, his church, a chapel. And perhaps his fate as the architect enviable: there are few architects, who worked so fruitfully in Belgrade and Belgrade - from simple трудяг to wealthy residents of the capital. In its buildings and now live, work, pray. And what else is needed for the happiness of the architect?!

In Belgrade, Russian for the Russian most known and visited was built in 1933 in the Russian Empire style house behalf of Russian Emperor Nicholas II - the cultural and scientific center. His fate has kept during the bombing of Belgrade in the 1940's and 1990's. Throughout his ideas of Soviet socialism, he was called the House of Soviet Culture.


Now he is again, thank God, the Russian house.

Its builder was a graduate of the Higher Military Engineering Academy in St. Petersburg, Vasily (Wilhelm) Fedorovich Baumgarten, background, general engineer, the corps engineer 1 Army Corps at Gallipoli.

But even before the Russian Home Baumgarten gained fame as the author of the draft of the General Staff building (street of Prince Milos, 33), which was being built in 1924-1928. This majestic building is accomplished in a strictly academic style. "On the facade of distinguished double Corinthian columns set on the corner pedestals decorated with figures of warriors and sculpted with scenes from military life, the work of sculptor Constantin Amosova on sketches of Ivan Rykka. The interior of the General Staff of different pretentious rich finish, in which special attention is attracted by Arrangement "Samson and the lion" sculptor Vladimir Zagorodniuk "[29].

  Returning to the Russian House - this "memorial" to remind you that the idea of establishing a center of Russian cultural institutions belonged to the head of the State Commission for Refugees Russian academician Alexander squirrel and was supported by King Alexander. Laying the foundation and consecration of the building occurred June 22, 1931, a grand opening - April 9, 1933

At the foundation of the house had been bricked up mentions:

  "In the hour of the Bolshevik terrible epidemic that has devastated and ravaged the Russian land, desecrated shrines and Russian nizvergshego proud of the Russian eagle, the best sons of the Russian people banished from their homes and abandoned to their fate. They brought all the horrors of life wandering in foreign lands: the exhaustion and hunger, scorn and resentment.

So in these terrible times, tortured and barely still alive who was Russian folk was received with open arms South Slavic people, warmed and priuteshen them. After a long and painful sleep, the Russian people awoke from a terrible nightmare and thanks to the care and love of the glorious King Alexander I and his faithful people, they will again come to life, wearing the heart of all the values of spiritual and moral life of its people.

To give these values a worthy repository

  that their life-giving force to call for a new life

that the spirit of the Russian people to enable them to devote so beloved by the scientific and artistic pursuits, and finally,

  to Russian youth, having been born on foreign soil, hardened in the best traditions of the glorious motherland

  and created a real home.

May his dedication to the unforgettable memory MARTYR TSAR NICHOLAS II alerts the world to thank South Slavic people of the great savior of his, putting his life and his long-suffering families of the Most August to save the world from a terrible enemy who threatened him with total destruction. Let the name of Tsar Nicholas II, that this house will always be proud of telling future generations about the brotherhood of the Russian and South Slavic peoples, survived all the vicissitudes of fate, and who are in difficult moments of each other even more near and dear. Let this house tucked away the highest good of Russian culture, will keep them for a Russian man to a new introduction in Russia of freedom and truth. And then let it be an eternal monument of Russian and South Slavic brotherhood and a preacher of their mutual love and mutual understanding.

Hail HIS MAJESTY KING ALEXANDER I and His Light House, Long live the South Slavic nation, long live the glorious spirit of representatives of Russian and Russian art, but will weary Russian people in the great soul of his new powers that could support them to return to their old nests.

Long live the Russian Russia "[30].

  In Russian the house were placed two plates with the inscriptions: one in Serbian "For vechito sechane on slavnoga Cara Nicholas II - zashtitnika Srb, the other in Russian" In eternal gratitude to the illustrious King of Yugoslavia Alexander I - Russian defender.

"Old Man" and the guardian of Russian emigre Alexander Belich said at the opening: "All vneslavyansky world, eager to talk about the backwardness of Russia, this vast Slavic bear, not to recognize that Russia is nothing other than its apparent size and crowded, forgot all about his sarcastic when he found himself directly face to face with Russian culture. So abducted Russian culture in the face of the exhausted refugees opened the eyes of the world and in their labor and knowledge proved how wrong it underestimated the importance of this culture and its strength.

The richness of their culture by the representatives of the Russian people have brought to us and each of them gave their work in the consciousness that he is doing all it can: We also should first help them to retain the young Russian generation of the Russian spirit and prepare it to continue that for the sake of him and for the sake of Russia have preserved their parents as the greatest treasure - Russian nationality and Russian culture ... For all multilateral branches émigré cultural life had to create a center that would have the same love of independence and took his seat all in whom the flame burns alive the Russian spirit. Thus arose the house "[31]. Then A. Belich continued: "When you think about how to call this new source of Russian science and education, who is meant to be dedicated this monument to the Russian people, the new altar of the Russian spirit and Russian culture, in the souls of all was one feeling -- one to whom our country owes its greatest freedom and the union, those who held out in the terrible hour of the saving hand to our people. Finally, those who for their generosity and for their help in saving the whole of Europe, and perhaps the world, paid with their blood and tragic death of his entire family. The name of Emperor Nicholas II will always be inextricably linked with the life of our people, and let the dedication of this house, his martyr's memory will be only a little visible sign of this eternal connection, we are convinced that thanks to our people, the King of Martyr, along with a living monument to the fact that every citizen of the earth erected in our soul and his heart, will be able to build a monument which will be worthy of great assistance to us and the Russian people and the enormous sacrifices of Tsar Martyr.

This house, built by the Committee of Russian Culture, collected over 12 years to this modest means, let administers constantly under the shadow of the Tsar-Martyr its great and sacred mission "[32].

The center of Russian life, were house church, the Russian-Serbian male and female high school, elementary school, the Russian Public Library, the Russian Research Institute, Russian Drama Theater in a public hall for 750 seats, the Russian musical society, a society "Russian Falcon", a museum, dedicated to Emperor Nicholas II, where the society adherents to his memory, led by General Flug, has gathered many relics of the reign of the Emperor-martyr, Museum of Russian cavalry, with a lot of prints and photographs, a conservatory, billiard room, a lithograph, a cinema, conference room, rest rooms , a reading room, gym and other organizations. Attendance houses exceeds the average 2 000 people per day [33].

  Himself to a builder Baumgarten emphasized that the Russian studio house "serving separately for various public organizations of Russian artists, musicians, actors and writers - in his short, harmonious whole, should promote the unification of the servants of the Russian and South Slavic art, which would lead us all together to Towards undoubtedly forthcoming sumptuous flowering of Slavic art and culture in the coming daylight Joint Great Slavs "[34].

In 1932 in the journal "Bang!" In the room could read the eleventh row of one of the celebrities in Belgrade:

 

I want to be daring, I want to be secular,

I want to be with the virgins to you!

I pashoyu be Turkish,

And build arches and bridges!

I am committing a good thing,

I have all built, I'm smarter than all

In the XX-th century - Michelangelo

Perhaps only folders Andrew.

Such as I'm not much today,

My ancestor was Lenka da Vinci.

I all immensely talented,

And because I live undefiled.

                    <...>

 

Who was this mischievous, "rowdy-dowdy" Andrew Papkov than he is known, than fame?

Andriy folder in Russia had to spend 8 semesters at the university. Then there was the inevitable for many, including for him, fled. After arriving in the Kingdom joined the architectural department of technical faculty of Belgrade University. He was a group K.R.U.G. absorbing immigrants of all types of art. Worked in the architectural studio fashion Dragiša Brashovana, which cooperated and Architects Paul Krat, Nicholas Shipov, Nicholas Meszaros [35].

Sam Papkov participated in dozens of competitions. Probably, in 1933 founded his atelier.

  Of his work can be distinguished set of street and courtyard buildings to the famous industrialist, Milutin Mesarovic (st. proletarian brigades, 22), for it is in 1936, designed the street. gene. Zhdanova, 33, another building. He managed to harmoniously incorporate the building into the context of one of the most beautiful streets. Harmonious proportions of the facade, decorated with neo-classical decor with lots of details, pleasing to the eye. We can mention the building for Plavsic (st. Svetozar Markovic, 17), built in 1937 for his project in 1938 in downtown Belgrade was built hotel "Balkan". In 1940 it was designed for Jankovic (st. Zmaj Yovina, 30) house, the architecture which organically combine the elements of the medieval neo-classical style with Art Nouveau and Secession. After the war, built a villa in a privileged area Dziedzina at the corner of Shakespeare and Ruzhichevoy - now there is the residence of the Finnish Ambassador. Then he went to Argentina, where he successfully engaged in architectural work of [36]. He worked as an architect Spiridonov, then 15 years in the ministry Obras Publicas. Built for private companies. Took part in the construction of the Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, on the street. Nunez in Buenos Aires [37].

            Russian architects are not only built and decorated Belgrade separate buildings of secular and religious character: a Russian architect Georgii Pavlovich Kowalewski (1888, Yelisavetgrad, Kherson Province .-?), led the development of urban development in Belgrade in the interwar period. All his previous biography was associated with urban development.

After completing with honors from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, he was left to prepare for a professorship in the specialty - urban planning. In the spring of 1914 to study the housing issue and the issue of development of large cities GP Kovalevsky was in Germany, Britain and France. From 1916 to January 1920 he taught "urban railways, worked at the office head of the department of Kiev City planning council, has made a lot of development projects outskirts of Kiev, townships, colonies and cities gardens. The Revolution interrupted his work on the draft urban design and Radomyśl Irpen [38].

In the Kingdom Kovalevsky worked in the ministry of construction. He is the master plan of Belgrade. He received the Grand Prix for the development project in Belgrade in 1925 at the Paris exhibition of decorative. He is the author of "Big city and city-gardens.


In his project to build a dormitory named after King Alexander I (jointly with VV Lukomsky), an architectural treatment of the capital terraces Kalemegdan fortress.

Russian belgradets Kovalevsky creator of a number of development projects of the provincial towns of Yugoslavia. About ten cities are built and developed on its plans. From the covered market in the city of Kragujevac. Actively working in the field of landscape gardening. In particular, participated in the drafting Topchiderskogo park in Belgrade. He owns a number of parks projects for individuals. Author of several articles on urban development [39].

His authorship of the project as "the village officials" or "public and private contractors for the construction of housing" (1929). "The project involved - write researcher Gordana Gordich and Vera P. Loncharski - the formation of the ten residential units and two public (one for the local market and building management Artel and the second for the park with a children's playground). The entire village was divided into 299 plots. Within a few years here on the draft Valeria Stashevsky were built model of one-and two-storey cottages. Settlement is of particular interest because it is one of the first examples of the planned building of residential areas linked by a single urban plan "[40].

  In fact, the variety of works and styles in the works of Russian architects organically woven into the eclectic Belgrade.

Gathering these lines and remembering the streets of Belgrade today, walking in the lovely heart Kalemegdane, I catch myself thinking that the past is always there, if you certainly want to know. A bridge in Belgrade - an endless stream of his Russian history.

Among the Russian architects were and Peter D. Anagnostou (26. 05. 1909, Odessa 1996, Belgrade). And before proceeding to the delineation of its activities, saying that his father Dimitri Anagnostou, serving in the Odessa council, organized the deployment of Serb soldiers in 1914, created a hospital for the Serbs, gave 20 000 rubles for the needs of two Serb boarding, they also led [41].

Peter himself Anagnostou and his family in 1919, he emigrated via Constantinople to Belgrade. In 1926 he graduated from the first Russian-Serbian grammar school, which was then in the house of the Flower Raevicha (now there Pedagogical Museum). In the same year, P. Anagnostou entered the architectural branch of Engineering Faculty of Belgrade University, where he met future wife Ekaterina Fomina.

  On his student years knows that he showed great ability on descriptive geometry, and another was an active member of the "Falcon" and the chorus "Obilic. University, he graduated in 1930, and his works were exhibited at an exhibition of student projects.

Then there was the military service, work in the atelier of the architect Bogdan Nestorovich fashion, with whom he would collaborate until 1935, after working with Professor Alexander Deroko, which in 1936 he designed a home for students of the Orthodox theological faculty. In 1937 he received permission to independent work. In 1940, the Assistant University P. Anagnostou, together with A. Deroko worked on a plan to build in Nis Vladychinog Konac, rebuilt after the war, and absorbed the elements of folk traditions in Serbian architecture. Together with Professor Peter Bayalovichem worked on the law faculty of Belgrade University and a plan to build the People's University Ilie M. Kolartsa [42].

Author of more than 20 projects of residential buildings in Zemun, Novi Sad, Soko-Bagni, Vranje, Krushevtse, Bitola, Belgrade [43].

In 1930 the capital was the author of the project building on the street. Zorina, 94 (now Ivan Milutinovic), houses in st. Timochko, 9 and 13, as well as one-story house on the street. Haiduk Veljko in Novi Sad. In 1938, together with the architect Jovan Schneider Anagnostou designed building printing Paul Gregorich (st. Duchess Olga, 21, str. Svetozar Miletic, 1). In 1939, in Belgrade, according to his design built - four-story house (st. Mutapova, 43) for the entrepreneur Dragomir Savkovic, homes for Branca Micic (Mirievsky path 24) and Jeremiah Jeremic (st. Milovan Marinković), added onto the villa Vida Jurisic on Dziedzina. In 1940 - three-story house for the engineer Dragutin Shidzhanskogo (st. Wehle Nigrinove, 4, 10, 14), as well as home for Adolf Szabo at the corner of st. Heir of Peter, Krupskoy crown and st. Mileshevskoy. In the prewar years, projects Anagnostou - Serbian Chamber of Agricultural Society in Belgrade (1936) and the building of the Mortgage Bank in Skopje (1937) were purchased. Building project of the Office of State monopolies, made in the style of late modernism, in 1937, received the award. In mid-1930 he has led and student labor colony on Debelov meadow, oversees the construction of the factory M. Ristic production of artificial silk in Novi Sad.

In those years, working as an engineer in the company Savchicha-Slavkovich, Anagnostou participated in the construction of the sanatorium on Ozren (1936), mail in Skopje (1937), the Savings Bank in Belgrade (1937-1938), Veterinary Faculty, University of Belgrade (1940) [44].

During the Second World War, it lasted for 12 days, he was captured. Secretly made instruments for flight solagernikov. Experienced and all the burdens lift from camp to camp.

After the release of Canadians Anagnostou returned in August 1945 in Belgrade. Soon he was a professor at the construction and machine faculties of Belgrade University and author of numerous books, including 13 on descriptive geometry. Dean of the Faculty of Architecture [45]. He taught students in Sarajevo, Novi Sad, Skopje, in Subotica.

              From the post-war works Anagnostou mention his involvement with Alexander Deroko and Zoran Petrovich restoration in 1964, the National Building Museum in Belgrade, and in 1970 the Museum of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. In December 1979 retired. In 1985 he was awarded "Order of Labor with a red flag" [46].

To conclude this opus, it must be said that the draft P. Anagnostou, elements of the academic, Serbo-Byzantine style and modernism, that is, his work organically correlated with the inter-war development of most of Serbian architecture in which he made a significant contribution [47].

  Peter D. Anagnostou not involved in the design of monumental architecture, this one lacked Krasnov and his experienced colleagues.

He was the architect for Belgrade.

   Walking across a bridge in Belgrade and a little knowledge of Russian history it is easy to find the temple of the Holy prince Alexander Nevsky, whose name the Serbs have learned when their country in 1876, fought with the Turks - that tribal enemy Slavs "Russian Volunteer Corps colonel of the Russian and general Serbian Service Michael Cherniaiev.

  Since that time began and reverence Russian saint, to whom the temple was dedicated to Belgrade. The project it was created in 1912 by Elizabeth Nachich. But then began the Balkan wars of 1912-1913. And then came the war and Germany. Construction was delayed and was finally completed only in 1929 with the active participation of the architect Vasily Mikhailovich Androsova.

This church was built in the form of Dorchole trikonhosa and framed in the Serbo-Byzantine style. Highlighted decorative plastic facades. The icons in it were written in 1930 by Boris Selyanko. Before the southern choir placed a carved icon-memory dead monarchs - Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the Serbian King Alexander I [48].

  I should add that in Belgrade, on Chukaritse, there is another church of St. George, in the design of which the final stage of construction Androsov made a significant contribution.

His name is connected with the development of the facade of the Main Post Office, one of the monumental buildings in the center of the capital.

Add that Androsov in characteristic fashion - in Serbo-Byzantine style - built over 50 churches, and even designed the same. I shall list here only a few cities, where he built: Belgrade, Leskovac, Uzhichka Pozega, Djakovica [49].

Born in Russia, he found eternal rest in the Slavic Serbia.

Visiting Belgrade in 2005 after a long absence, walking along the central Knez Mihailova street, I again turn left and could admire the magnificent building of the Patriarchate, the designer of which, again, was Russian.

  His name - Viktor Lukomski.

Lot about him, wrote a connoisseur of art Russian architects Professor Alexander Kadievich. And on the basis of one of his research, I will try to draw a portrait of the architect, or rather talk about his creations.

So, my hero graduated from the Higher Military Engineering Academy of Nicholas I. After the revolution, and deprived of his residence in the homeland, he, like many others, settled with his wife, Zinaida (maiden name Fedchenko) since 1920 in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which is easily found work in the Ministry of Construction, in an architectural office. Already in 1921, the competition to design one of the ministerial buildings, he took third place and received 10 thousand dinars.

  His popularity grew very quickly. He is actively engaged in the design and construction of the complex of royal villas on Dziedzina (1925-1934 gg.) Arrayed in a Serbian-style with elements of Russian palace architecture.

VV Lukomskii involved (together with J. Nikolic, his head) and in the design in the style of the medieval Serbian church architecture of the palace church of St. Andrew, patron saint of the family dynasty Karageorgievich.

Art of the Serbo-Byzantine style in handy when he and the design and construction of the hotel "Avala" (1928-1931 gg.) On the mountain of the same name, near Belgrade. At that time the press wrote that "hotel on Awale bears the stamp of personality, the architecture as art" [50].

  Lukomski helped George Kovalevsky in the construction of the Student at home in the style of Russian academic in the park named after Cyril and Methodius.

In early 1930 he opened an independent studio, participating in competitions where there is success. In his studio work, Alexander Sterligov, with collaborating George Kovalevsky. He is a regular participant of exhibitions of Russian artists, a member of the Belgrade group K.R.U.G.

Already at its first exhibition in 1930, Lukomski was named the architect of flight and fantasy. "

Emphasize that in 1930 he built many temples, some of which can be seen in Belgrade, for example, the church of St. Sava in Vracar, built in the Byzantine style cleansed. Sanctify it himself Patriarch Barnabas, who found the final resting place here. This church was erected for 57 days in 1935 on the site of the old chapel (1895).

In those same years Lukomskii builds houses, houses for the inhabitants of Belgrade.

To name a few: rebuilt in 1934-1936. House Dobrica MATKOVIC (st. Simin, 9), built in 1933, Villa Neveny Zhezover (corner of boulevard Prince Alexander and the Romanian street), House Miodrag Stamenkovic (cnr of Vuk Karadzic, 11/13 and queen militia), built in 1937 . Zorko house Lazic (cnr Kapetan-Mishin and Gospodar Evremove, 32), which was built in 1938, Villa Milorad Dimitrijevic's (Boulevard Prince Alexander, 88 /2).

You can enjoy long patriarchal complex built on his project, and come to him when he was in the capital of Serbia. It was built on the site of the old building of the Belgrade-Karlovac Metropolis (1850) and occupies the entire area between the streets of the Epiphany, and King Peter. It settled: the office, archives, spiritual court, apartment itself Patriarch patriarchal chapel three hundred people, meeting rooms, the Synod and the Patriarch's Council, an apartment for the hierarchy. Journalists noted solemnity, grandeur, neo-Byzantine style of the Patriarchate, above the main entrance of which placed her coat sculptor Vladimir Zagorodniuk, he was also the author of the facade sculptures [51].


Returning to Lukomsky, I want to say that even if he was the author of only one building - the Patriarchate, his name would be included in the history of Belgrade.

And. If you ask what is the essence of architecture, the answer is one - in her beauty that was inherent in the work Lukomski.

The beauty inherent in creativity and Grigory Ivanovich Samoilova, the Cossack village of Aksay Vsevelikogo Don Army.

I'll say so - if the Red was the most famous architect in the 1920's, then in the 1930's and later, before the war and after it, such was Samoilov, architect, artist and professor at Belgrade University.

  Learning still in art school, he made sketches of the scenery to the two opera productions of urban theater. In 1921 he emigrated and continued his studies at the Don Emperor Alexander III Cadet Corps in Bileca. Samoilov wrote scenery, painted cabinet temple. Then he became a student of the architectural department of technical faculty of Belgrade University, graduating in 1930 In 1932, he adopted alma mater as an assistant with a degree in Serbian-Byzantine architecture. In 1933 he received the right to private practice [52].

Simultaneously Samoilov work hard as an artist in various Russian journals: "The Russian Sokol", "Donets", "Science and Life", "Sokolsky calendar. He published the cartoons in the newspapers of the Kingdom, for example, in Rech. The designer covers for books Merezhkovsky "Napoleon" and AA Burnakina "Under the sky of Yugoslavia. At one time he was even an artist, an entomologist with the Ministry of public health [53].

In 1931, Samoilov won the competition to design the building of the Pension Fund of the National Bank (Teraziya). The reconstructed in 1939-1941. building fund later housed a cinema "Odeon". According to the Serbian researcher M. Milovanovic, the building is "probably the most significant example of the Belgrade monumentalism the late thirties [54].

Samoilova talent to create beauty is seen in the designed them in Serbo-Byzantine style of the Metropolitan Church of St. Archangel Gabriel (st. Humskaya) (1939), it was also the author of the project and its internal decoration. I note in passing that the icons dvunadesyatyh holidays wrote Ivan Wild (Wild) [55].

   He developed the Alexander-Sasha Djordjevic draft of the White Palace at Dziedzina, which was implemented in 1935-1937 gg. Designed the building of the Ministry of Education in Belgrade, Yugoslavia interiors in the representation in Ankara (1937). His skill has been recognized and in private housing. Brilliant knowledge of historical styles and talent to pursue their work in an organic combination of composition, proportions, the ability to select the optimum spatial solutions - all this allows to achieve success. In Belgrade, there are mansions built by them in the Serbo-Byzantine style, in the spirit of the English Renaissance style, the French, such as house Jokić (cnr Durmitorskoy and Prince Milos). He was awarded the Prize of Belgrade for the best design decision, found them for home Radenkovicha on Pushkin Street.

  After Germany's attack on the royal Yugoslavia Gregory Samoilov is captured, which was a long four years. In the concentration camp Stalag IX-C, not far from Buchenwald, he set up a chapel to the iconostasis in the Serbo-Byzantine style, which in itself was a feat of man and artist.

After the war, the iconostasis was placed in the chapel at the central cemetery in Belgrade.

Not limiting themselves timescales mention of the postwar art Samoilova as masters of the interior. His talent is evident in the work on projects such buildings as the Academy of Sciences (1949-1951 gg.), The Yugoslav Bank for Foreign Trade. He has authored a number of interiors of hotels across Serbia, including the reconstruction of hotel "Moscow" and "Excelsior" in Belgrade [56].

Professor Samoilov after the release of up to 1974 led to the architectural department of the University of Belgrade foundations of drawing and painting.

Do not leave your painting as a means of expression.

Under one of the figures he had written the words: "When drawing, I'm fixing rare moments of rest, and not try to change your handwriting and not think about the current direction, because the follower is always the last ..." [57]

  And in the architecture Samoilov was not too extreme, his work is not forgotten by Belgrade, and they built the building still adorn the Serbian capital.

I told here about the architects who knows Belgrade; they are written research Serb and Russian scientists. But the town on the Sava and Danube were built and many other Russian, about which little is known. I'll try to name a few.

Konstantin N. Amos (15. 05. 1882, Moscow 1946, Belgrade), a graduate of the Moscow Higher Technical School. About his work in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is almost no information, except for construction on his project in one of the main streets of Belgrade (street of Prince Milos, 12). Some time in this building housed the German Embassy [58].

Fyodor Bogatyrev (15. 01. 1876/1879, Moscow?). In the emigration of almost all the time - from 1924 to 1941 - lived and worked as a designer in Belgrade. Only one of the project (building, located on ul. Rudnichkoy, 7) [59].

Pavel Krat, a graduate of the architectural department of technical faculty of the University of Belgrade (1931). He erected a number of projects of monumental buildings in Belgrade. Actively involved in the reconstruction, such as a building address number 2, near the railway station in Belgrade, where the modernist facade treatment completely destroyed the old romantic-expressionist style, using brashovanovskie horizontal-vertical contrasting effects [60].

Leonid Z. Maksheyev project which in the late 1930's was built in Belgrade, a number of houses [61].

Vladimir Pozhidaev (?-August, 1972, Australia), a graduate of the Crimean Cadet Corps (1928). He graduated from the architectural department of the Belgrade Faculty of Technical Phy. He was an assistant on a class on church architecture, and later worked in the management of the State monopoly.

In 1951, with the whole family moved to Australia in Adelaide. "Simultaneously with the work in the public service he is developing a project and carries out the construction of the Russian Orthodox Church in Adelaide and began a project of the Russian church in Canberra, the capital of Australia" [62].

Georgy Kulbitsky (22. 03. 1906, Pyatigorsk-13. 07. 1975, Argentina). Education began in Tiflis Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich Cadet Corps, and graduated from the Crimean Cadet Corps. Then there was the technical faculty of Belgrade University, which is great okanchil in 1934 with a diploma engineer architect. He worked in the famous firm Batignolles, participated in the famous buildings of the time, as Sheba bridge, an oil refinery in Smederevo [63].

  Architects have built not only for others but for themselves. Very interesting villa (st. Krushevachka, 17), built by Igor Maksimillianovichem Blumenau by the rules, going back to the Serbian medieval. They were as follows: on the first floor bedroom, bathroom and kitchen on the second - premises for children and the elderly, on the next floor - a round room with fireplace and lots of small windows on all sides. Sex it must be clothed with bearskin. It was a male realm. The house was built in the form of the Cyrillic letters G. bedroom window hostess had to leave in the garden. Just before the window were planted cherry or cherry, to the landlady in the morning, could open the window and reach his lips to the sweet berries. In the garden, besides the multitude of colors, should grow a nut, to the smell frightened insects. The courtyard with its pit surrounded by walls two meters. In the courtyard were two entrances: the ordinary and for cars. In the house itself was only one entrance to the hall, where one could get, on the one hand, the accommodation, on the other - in the kitchen. The roof was tiled, the walls of the first floor were two-layer: outside of stone, inside - brick. And between these two layers there was a small space for ventilation. The roof over the bathroom represented glass dome. The stairs were marble and the floor in the rooms at the Villa Blumenau was a dark walnut and light maple [64].

And, completing his excursion into the sphere of Russian architecture, turn into the world of painting.

 



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[1] N. Roshchin decree. cit. S. 16.



[2] A. Кадијевић Doprinos ðóñêèé neimara-emigranata srpskoj architecture између two social PATA //Russia without Rusije ..., p. 246.



[3] T. Миленковић Ordinance. cit. S. 62-63.



[4] A. Кадијевић Doprinos ðóñêèé neimara-emigranata ... S. 252.



[5] Ibid. S. 246-247.



[6] N. Kalinin, M. Zemlyanichenko Romanovs and the Crimea. Simferopol, 2003. S. 157.



[7] New time. 1921. 18. XII. Number 197. C. 3.



[8] I. Blumenau Fate of Russian emigres in Belgrade /Moscow archive. The second half of XIX-nachaloXX. S. 638.



[9] Ibid. S. 638-639.



[10] G. Гордић, Павловић-Loncharski V. Ruski architect in Beograd. Russian architects in Belgrade. Beograd. BG S. 12-13.



[11] Ibid. P. 14.



[12] Latinchich O., Rakochevich B. emigres from Moscow to Belgrade. S. 636-637.



[13] Ibid. S. 637.



[14] Ibid.



[15] G. Гордић, Павловић-Loncharski B. Ordinance. cit. S. 17.



[16] J. Cacak Ordinance. cit. S. 98.



[17] A. Кадиjевић Beogradski opus architect Roman Nikolajevicha Verhovskoja (1920-1941) //Наслеђе. 1999. № 2. 1999. 33-35.



[18] hours. 1931. 15. XII. Number 70. C. 28; Кадиjевић A. Beogradski opus ... S. 35-36.



[19] New time. 1928. 18. IV. Number 2087. C. 3.



[20] hours. 1931. 15. XII. Number 70. C. 28.



[21] Nikiforov KV Russian Belgrade (the question of the architects of the Russian émigré) //Slavic Studies. № 4. 37.



[22] Library-Foundation "Russian Abroad". Scientific archive. M. Skorodumov Memoirs. P. 39.



[23] Theological AV, captain. Russian monuments and museums in Yugoslavia //Local. 1939. 5. VI. № 236-237. C. 31.



[24] J. Cacak Ordinance. cit. S. 98.



[25] M. Ђурђевић Prilog проучавању delatnosti architect Valerija Vladimirovich Stashevskog from Beograd //Годишњак hail Beograd. 1998-1999. Књ. XLV-XLVI. S. 151-170.



[26] hours. 1931. 15. V. Number 62. S. 13.



[27] Theological AV, captain. Ordinance. cit. P. 30.



[28] M. Ђурђевић decree. cit. P. 152.



[29] G. Гордић, Павловић-Loncharski B. Ordinance. cit. S. 26.



[30] Russian Home ... S. 39-40.



[31] Ibid. S. 33-34, 35.



[32] Ibid. 37.



[33] Zech. Nick. Russian Belgrade. //Local. 1939. 5. VI. № 236-237. S. 27.



[34] Russian Home ... C. 28.



[35] Andrej Васиљевич Folder //Rus without Rusije ... S. 265-267.



[36] Ibid. S. 268-272.



[37] unforgotten grave. 2004. M., T. 5. S. 342.



[38] Russian emigration. Almanac. 1920-1930. S. 57, 60.



[39] Ibid. P. 60.



[40] G. Гордић, Павловић-Loncharski B. Ordinance. cit. P. 38.



[41] Anagnostou P. Сећања //Russia without Rusije ... S. 302.



[42] M. Ђурђевић Prilog проучавању abdomen and business architect Peter Dimitrijevicha Anagnostija /Годишњак hail Beograd. 2000-2001. Књ. XLVII-XLVIII. S. 239-244.



[43] P. Anagnostou decree. cit. S. 310.



[44] M. Ђурђевић Prilog проучавању abdomen and business architect Peter Dimitrijevicha Anagnostija. S. 244-248.



[45] P. Anagnostou decree. cit. S. 312-318.



[46] M. Ђурђевић Prilog проучавању abdomen and business architect Peter Dimitrijevicha Anagnostija. S. 249-250.



[47] Ibid. P. 250.



[48] G. Гордић, Павловић-Loncharski B. Ordinance. cit. 32-33.



[49] A. Кадиjевић Doprinos ðóñêèé neimara-emigranata ... P.250.



[50] A. Кадиjевић Beogradski period is pleased architect Viktor Lukomski (1920-1943) //Годишњак hail Beograd. 1998-1999. Књ. XLV-XLVI. 122.




[51] Ibid. S. 115-130.



[52] M. Milovanovic Architect Gregory Samoilov //Russian emigration in Yugoslavia. S. 280.



[53] unforgotten grave. M., 2005. T. 6. Kn. 1. S. 411.



[54] M. Milovanovic Ordinance. cit. P. 282.



[55] G. Гордић, Павловић-Loncharski B. Ordinance. cit. P. 30.



[56] M. Milovanovic Ordinance. cit. S. 280 - 283.



[57] Op. By: M. Milovanovic Architect Gregory Samoilov. S. 284.



[58] Latinchich O., Rakochevich B. emigres from Moscow to Belgrade. S. 635-636.



[59] Ibid. S. 636.



[60] A. Кадијевић Doprinos ðóñêèé neimara-emigranata ... S. 254; Арсењев A. Biografski imenik ðóñêèé emigranata. 268.



[61] A. Арсењев Biografski imenik ðóñêèé emigranata. 276.



[62] http://www.xx13.ru/kadeti/kp1_6.htm



[63] http://www.xx13.ru/kadeti/kp7_13.htm



[64] O. Латинчић Two generatsije arhitekata //Politics. 1996.12. VII. S. 9.

Source: http://zarubezhje.narod.ru/texts/Kos...Belgrada05.htm