Jackson Pollock

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Today, Jackson Pollock was born!

Jackson Pollock difficulty groped his way in the art, having experienced in his youth a number of powerful influences. Yet his own original art flourished - right on the floor of a village barn.

Jackson Pollock was born January 28, 1912 in the town of Cody (Wyoming). Subsequently, friendly critics have tried to create from the fact of his birth a beautiful myth. Beating the name of this town got its name in honor of the famous American hero since the conquest of the Wild West, they represent the artist in the same dashing cowboy - freedom-loving, rebellious, not recognizing the general rules. Of course, any cowboy he was not - the family of Cody Pollock moved to San Diego less than a year after Jackson's birth, a year later moved into the path again - this time in Phoenix, Arizona. The artist's father, Leroy Pollock, could not find permanent work, in search of which traveled with his family on the American expanse. At various times he was a gardener, a bricklayer, a shepherd, receptionist, guide hunters. In the end, he did virtually abandoned the family, only occasionally sending small amounts of money, and met with the children during the holidays.

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In essence, Jackson brought his mother, Stella Pollock - namely its neurotic and overbearing nature left its mark not only on the creativity of Pollock, but also on his life. The boy grew sullen and withdrawn, while his case of an outbreak of anger, and then he could make the most unexpected things, for which he was twice expelled from school. From early adolescence Jackson began mysticism - especially the philosophy of Jiddu Krishnamurti, who claimed that the truth revealed to man only intuitively, in the free "outpouring" of personality, these formulas are deeply sunken into the soul of Pollock, it will largely determine his outlook.

"The outpouring of" it is most convenient to perform in the works - thought the young Pollock. However, he did not have any illusions about his talent, very critical of their own capabilities. Still, he decided to become an artist - a strong willpower, it seemed to him quite possible to "build" itself from anything.

In 1930, eighteen Pollock moved to New York. There he studied with artist Thomas Hart Benton, a representative of the so-called American regionalism, who advocated the realistic art (not without a left-leaning) in disputes with the modernists. Criticism Banton pinned high hopes, hoping that he would put the first stones in the foundation of original American paintings, which can compete with European artistic production. Benton fell in love with Pollock, it was he who advised him to change the image, turning from a shy California boy in a steep cowboy. Teacher Pollock drank heavily, a student in that anything he did not concede. Since then and until his death, Pollock chased the problems associated with his alcohol addiction.

  In 1935, Benton left New York, after which the Mid-lok, who lost support, "failed" in this binge. He lived on the earnings in the state program of assistance to the poor artists, so-called federal art project, organized by the Roosevelt administration. Pollock cleaning monuments, handicrafts received orders and even performed in public buildings murals. However, the summer of 1938 he is so carried away by drinking, that his services declined. This caused even more "spree" - from the young artist found himself in a New York hospital for alcoholics. There Pollock spent about four months - this period is a turning point in his artistic vision. A lot of notebooks and albums, which he filled in the hospital with the outline generated by his "change" mentality and sexual nightmare visions, it marked the departure from realism to surrealism and abstraction region. This was the birth of the individual artist's manner, made him famous later. Observe and more important. Many critics argue that Pollock did not know how to draw - referred to the outline indicates that it is not so in spite of the fact that the artist received no systematic education, it is quite adequately conveyed the images with its prototype real things.

After leaving the hospital, Pollock declared war on his own alcoholism, calling for help then thundering in America psychoanalysis. Since filing psychoanalyst friend, he began to read Freud and Jung. The war on alcohol, he lost, but a consequence of this interest was a large series of surrealist works. Around this time, Pollock met with the superintendent of the Metropolitan Museum, John Graham, a true fan of primitivist painting. Graham is very interested in the imperfect technically, but smack of mysticism of the young painter. It began to take shape a new image of Jackson Pollock - the image of the artist-shaman who can penetrate into the beyond.

In 1941 Graham introduced Jackson Pollock and Lee Krasner. It was destiny. Krasner came from a family of Jewish immigrants who came to America from Russia, and had already achieved some success as an artist. Soon, Jackson and Lee are living together. It is in the Pollock Krasner introduced avant-garde art circles in New York. 1943 Year dates back to a fateful meeting - this time with Peggy Guggenheim, the creator and inspiration of the famous Solomon Guggenheim Museum. In the same year, Peggy Guggenheim has organized an exhibition, where the first time the public was presented Pollock painting - this painting was his "short hand figure, warmly received by critics. Piet Mondrian, one of the pillars of the artistic avant-garde, called it "the most interesting of the works seen in America." Toward the close of 1943 through the efforts of Peggy Guggenheim opened and the first exhibition of the artist. She was triumphant. "Pollock has a volcanic talent" - wrote the columnist for the New York Times. "

Between 1943 and 1947 years, the Guggenheim arranged Pollock three personal exhibitions. Despite rave reviews "advanced" critics, a keen sense of comprehension of new art, the artist's paintings practically sold. In 1947, Peggy Guggenheim Pollock has found a new agent - it was Betty Parsons, known for its delicate taste and professionalism. But at the Parsons failed to move the sale off the ground - five years later, disappointed in her Pollock relegate their affairs Sidney Janis, specializing in abstract and surrealistic paintings.

Janice managed to sell one painting by Pollock in 8000 dollars. It was the largest amount received by the artist for their work - in fact, until the end of his life he was in very straitened circumstances.

The fall of 1945 Pollock married Lee Krasner, and the newly made husband and wife moved into a small house on Long Island, near East Hampton. Here began the last intensive period in the artist. The first time he worked on the top floor of the house, in the bedroom, laying out the canvas on the floor, and the summer of 1946 he moved into a barn converted into a workshop. His famous "drip paintings" came into being in this barn.

Autumn of 1950 photographer Hans Nemati published in the magazine Art News "series of photographs depicting the creation of Pollock one of his paintings, he had invented" method "has caused a great noise. It was at this time, Pollock, after two years of abstinence is drinking again. By mid-1950's, he almost stopped writing and soon collapsed and his family life. Learning about the affair her husband with a young model who left Lee Krasner Pollock. It happened in the summer of 1956, and in August the artist, who loved a drunken rush through the streets by car, killed in a car accident. Was it an accident or suicide - it is not clear so far.