AN Samohvalov, Portrait of the Artist's Wife - Catherine Petrovna Samokhvalova, oil /tempera, 50.5 x 38.5 cm, 1940
Alexander Samohvalov (1894 - 1971) is among the largest Russian artists of the Soviet period. And in some ways he is an artist is unique, since the first images of the new Soviet people created by him. Samohvalov not only captures the features of their appearance, but it is, above all, they sang, immortalized. On the Soviet period of our history can argue a lot, but the task of the artist at all times one - to pass your time, get into its depth, to express his hopes and aspirations. Another thing is that in one and the same time different artists see different things. Samohvalova fascinated by elements of a new life, in a sense, it pierced the dream of a bright future that is built on the top of his eyes. His talent has responded to the ideal side of socialist construction. He says the images of happy and strong people, "Portrait of Maria Ivanovna Maslodel Golubeva," "Portrait partshkolovtsa Sidorova," "Girl with a rake", "Tractor grind", "At the winch", "At the crane", "Girl in a T-shirt" "Kosovo-ahimovka", "Portrait of a field worker Anna Ulyanova", "Development of a tractor", "Spartakovka", "Sportwoman with a bouquet", "The delegates ',' CM. Kirov takes the parade of athletes, "" Paramilitary Youth League. " The names of the main works of the artist went on to state his position on its subject.
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A few years ago zealous perestroika and Democrats neophyte ruthlessly crushed such artists as Samohvalov - call them singers totalitarianism, etc. All this, of course, is nonsense. Now, even after a short time after the death of Alexander II shows that he was, above all, an artist, a master, not a political painter. His paintings are aesthetically beautiful, it's a great portrait painting, he made a lot of new paintings in the world, along with other Soviet artists - such as the Petrov-Vodkin, Dejneka, Corinne ...
People's Artist of the USSR Academy of EA Kibrik Samohvalova writes: "A particular I call Samohvalova because of his artistic talent is universal, going beyond even the variety of forms of art, in which he showed himself well and original, creating a surprisingly large and in the field of painting, and in the book schedule, and in the theater and in the applied arts, and small sculptures. Perhaps the versatility of this nature has allowed him to create his own style as a kind of the original concept, of course expressed in everything he did. Once you learn Samohvalova and drawing and painting and in sculpture, and decorative motifs - in everything that concerned the creative hand of the artist. " So you can only talk about the great artist, original and strong, singing voice. "The first thing that catches your eye - Samohvalova artistic independence. The phenomenon of a rare and precious. " "The feeling of meeting something new and exciting, and accompanied the introduction to his famous" Woman T-shirt ", and with his illustrations to the" History of a City "Saltykov-Shchedrin, and with his series of" Metrostroevok ", and with its huge panels for World Exhibition in Paris in 1937, and with many other of his works ... "
I think it is clear to anyone that the famous Mukhina's sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Girl", with which the appearance of the screen start until recently, all the film "Mosfilm" and that, too, ten years ago, suffered "persecution" - actually a wonderful sculpture, beautiful and outstanding a work of art. And where do the socialist realism. According to the plastic, by the power of intention and expression, this sculpture - in the opinion of serious professionals - one of the best job in the world history of sculpture. Of the same order and paintings Samohvalova. "The girl in a T-shirt" can be placed next to the best portraits of women of all ages ... And not just because this portrait was awarded at the time the gold medal at the International Exhibition in Paris. Just as, by the way, and Mukhina's sculpture.
Alexander was born in Samohvalov Bezhetsk in 1894. Who will read a book of his memoirs and reflections "My career path," he certainly sees that the artist began work here. Since his earliest dreams - to reach the rainbow, touch her, to her great colors. He went over the rainbow-Fields. "On-Fields were trees and shooting. The soldiers were shooting and sang:
Three villages, two villages
Eight girls, one I have. "
The boy could not get to the rainbow. And then he began to notice that the rainbow, "little rainbow is everywhere. My mother was a star with brilliantikom on a long pin with a spring. When she went to visit, then this pin to stick with an asterisk. An asterisk shuddered and was playing in her glittering rainbow. I still remember how early in the morning I burst into the wet with the dew of apple trees and foliage around me suddenly flashed rainbow. Then, very close. That's amazing! So she hides everywhere. It is only necessary that it saw the sun. " This is the way to the ground Bezhetskaya true artist. "Rainbow - an arc of joy and approval - since those early years has become my main creative impetus."
From early childhood, the artist is very much sunk into the soul of the "field of rye, rye, sea, soft waves of rye." He saw the rye shook, piled in stacks, saw working with sickles. All my life he remembered how beautiful when they reap with sickles. "I remember a woman, tanned and handsome, on the neck of her blue beads - I thought she danced, and she reaps. And next to her young, beautiful - she reaps so beautiful that my chest started to play music. And I could not take my eyes off her, everything looked, and now when I write this, I think: how many times I tried to paint the beauty of these movements - and not painted. And then I just said that the press - it is work, and work very hard. And it's true, I saw the reaper - he, hefty, wet with sweat, looked at me and I wanted to hide away. " Such memories of these events in his childhood was much, they imbue a beneficial future artist impressions aroused his talent.
The artist remembers as a child the family moved to the Main Street. "Close was a square, the cathedral, the bazaar, fair booths, garden city, a circus, a carousel, river, boats, rafts, logs, a bridge, a smithy, over the bridge - and the headquarters of the village. On the other side cows. And our new garden, great, wonderful, down the slope to the river. And the people on the street. They're coming back to the area and ... I woke up early and ran into the garden to wash mildew, reaches the river, and it opened and I was given the right and the left. And far beyond the bridge on the horizon, lace-bridge rail, and on it from time to time to our bank - with short train carriages, as a chain, lace weed out through a bridge or as a necklace of large passenger cars. For me it was a miracle, and my soul was filled with the joy of learning. " For some reason, most of all from a very young and tender age artist noticed girlish beauty. He was then in effect and will be a lifetime to write this very beautiful, but she is captured in the Soviet entourage, but it is the eternal beauty of youth, strength, happiness. It just impressed by his beautiful painting "Girl in a T-shirt." In his childhood, he just stunned when I saw how in one of the rooms of their house dressed girl. "A girl in a dusty road and rattling buckets of our wells. We in the yard. They wash their hands and smiles and cries of their sparkling eyes and teeth. They fill a large room in our house. I made my way there. And here was shocked, literally shocked unusual happened here. The room was packed to capacity. Cascade skirts, sparkling with all the colors of the rainbow, surged to the ceiling and fell back to the white shirt girls. Noise skirts, like a waterfall, overlaps and screeching cries. Their hair is flowing like smoke, were moved from one shoulder to the other, then totter in braids. A dress, red, pink, blue, green, yellow and multi-colored, then boiled up, it fit nicely on their young and strong shapes. They were cheerful and affectionate. I remember it as a miracle. " Thus was born an artist.
I must say that at the end of XIX - early XX century in the intellectual and artistic environment in the course of the word "woman", the image of a sort of "women", peasant women. Recall the picture Malyavina, Arkhipova, Akhmatova's poetry: "And the eyes of condemning /Smooth tanned women." This word takes on all the healthy, popular, fullness of life, the Russian multitude - these "woman" gave birth at fifteen children. In short, it was a symbol of Russia, which is then pull up the war and revolution, Russia and aspiring to full-blooded life. Now the word is nominally still used, but it is not that light, the energy of the completeness of character, which was at the beginning of the last century.
Female Images Samohvalova - a continuation of the strong wave of female characters, which is just like Russia threw herself on display people, Russia has shown itself most importantly their wealth. In the 20s and 30s the artist felt that this is the beginning of an unprecedented rise of Russian life, so that optimism in his paintings, in the faces of his girls and women ... Who can tell us that at this time began the repression, the toughest of the peasant family exiled to death almost at the shore of the Arctic Ocean will be right. Optimism in this little. But the rights and the one who says that a large part of the people believed in a new life, with optimism looking forward - and ahead will be an unprecedented war, which would not be defeated without this optimism.
Samohvalov attended the parish school. "The school was half urban, half-peasant. In winter, the children of the peasants stayed overnight at the school since returning home was far away ... At this time, there was a war with Japan. We cried when we learned that so tragically killed two of our great ship - the cruiser "Varyag" and the gunboat "Korean" ... Now I painted only the ships ... "This school was next to the cemetery, and the boy saw the bell tower was built. "I saw the working people, to build a giant tower. Then equip the tower bells, and I've seen a lot of people who took part in the rise of the bells. "
After graduating from the parish school his father took the boy to Kalyazinsky Technical School named Polezhaeva. In Bezhetsk on vacation, Alexander first saw the art book that is brought back from his brother Boris Kashin. "There are albums I've ever seen. The most struck me reproductions of paintings and Sorola Bastide "Fishermen", then Ignacio Zuloaga - "Gitana Lola", "Maya" Zorn. I've seen so far only very average quality icons, copies of Raphael at St. Nicholas Church in Bezhetsk. "
In Kalyazine art teacher Alexander Goryachev advised to learn from the artist. The father takes him to Moscow. There Samohvalov first visited the Tretyakov Gallery, the Rumyantsev Museum. "We have passed through the Kremlin, and my father told me that being a soldier, he, along with other soldiers, co-workers climbed into the Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell in there and they were playing cards. He told me how they are portrayed in the crowd Bolshoi Theater. " Father showed his son a few of the Moscow artists. They are advised to enroll in art school, but first get a high school education.
In Bezhetsk at this time created a new real school. The director was Ishmael Matveevich Maksakov - a man of great culture. Samohvalova wife became a tutor Maksakova. Still Samohvalov-father was a merchant and was able to pay for the education of his son. Thus Sasha began to frequent the house Maksakova. In their library, he read a lot of interesting books, "... on Egyptian literature and history of the African trip Petrov-Vodkin, about Cezanne, Picasso and of other masters of art." There he became acquainted with the poetry of Blok. "We Matveevitch Ishmael was a great book of poems by Alexander Blok, and he gave it to me. And the unit in some way became my teacher of life and perception of the phenomena of life. "
In real school was a meeting Samohvalova not just with the art teacher, and a mentor and inspiration inspirational talent - Ivan Malahovichem Kostenko ... It began with sketches. Kostenko invited wanting to bring to the sketches, which he loved to write and create their incredible amount. "We went out of town, and where there was fun to be staying. Sat down on a stump and small pieces of primed canvas or cardboard, as anyhow, wrote sketches. Then compare them - who better to what and how is done. Ivan Malahovich showing his sketch, and we equated their etude for his achievements. Of course, his sketch was always complete and true to our daub painted. But daub our inexperienced brushes sometimes manifested some feature closer to the nature and character of the person who wrote it. Ivan Malahovich always observed. When evening came, he was advised to make sketches of the evening sky and the horizon distances, trees, forests, meadows, breads what was then the open-field system. All that we have seen, became for us like a book, which, though in stores, we were read. Already in the twilight entered the village and forgive somebody refuge. It is usually given in some barn or in the hay, or in the bath, where we were allowed to take the hay. Early in the morning, we ran to the field to see the sunrise. Usually in no one sees and knows where and how it goes ... "In the winter, too, were sketches, but in the winter to work harder. There was no place where to work. But sketches were freezing, but wrote a snowy landscape. Later, when Samohvalov already studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, then sold at auction were two of his winter Studies Zhohovskoy groves. "In 1914, I passed the exam and enrolled in the Faculty of Architecture of the Higher Art School at the Academy of Fine Arts. This established full confidence in my family - my father regularly sent me the money. "
Now Alexander attends every Sunday, or the Hermitage Museum Russian Emperor Alexander III (then known as the State Russian Museum). "I was shocked, first of all, Rembrandt" Titus in a helmet "," Prodigal Son "," Peter's Denial "and much more. El Greco's "Two of the Apostle," Titian's "Venus with a Mirror" and "Sebastian", Leonardo's "Madonna Lita" and Michelangelo's "Marble boy." The frescoes of Raphael, Velasquez "Innocent" and "Olivares" thrilled me to the core. And the statue of Egypt, and the Hellenic sculpture ... "And the world was done unprecedented. "The revolution in Russia is like a giant lighthouse, determined the course of history ... The face of the revolution, the tragic and claiming endearing pathos creation of new life, the images of people who have given themselves a great service, and took me along with many of his comrades in the academy. " Alexander moved to the Faculty of Painting, "in order to be closer to real life." "We had to learn. Of the painters I could only trust Petrov-Vodkin. "
A few words about Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin (1878 - 1939). This is one of the largest and most original of Russian artists of the first decades of the XX century. His art was tied in a knot, it seemed far removed from each other artistic tendencies. His works have aroused fierce controversy, passionate encounter. It was difficult and the person at the same time solid. Outstanding painter, original theorist, a born teacher, a talented writer ... Revolution, he met with an open mind as an obvious expression of the popular will. Therefore, the active co-operation with the new government was to Petrov-Vodkin naturally. He is the author of the famous paintings - "Bathing the Red Horse", "mother", "Girls on the Volga", "Mother of God. Tenderness of Evil Hearts "," In the Line of Fire, "Morning Bathers"-all his works seemed to be going to some great novelty, like many then who revolutionized took it as a great newness of life. Kuzma said that in his work comes from the concepts of ancient art Rublev, Dionysius and the creative expression of Alexander Ivanov. All of it was very close Samohvalova aspirations. And most importantly - Petrov-Vodkin was his number one prestige as a painter.
Here remembers Alexander about his impression of a painting by Petrov-Vodkin: "In the Tretyakov Gallery hung his painting" Women on the Volga, "a wonderful, truly popular thing ..." And then Samohvalov reflects the loneliness of a great artist, he found becoming acquainted with Petrov. "Yes, he was alone. Is Mathis is not alone? Did Cezanne is not alone, despite the abundance sezannistov? But this is a special loneliness. This loneliness is at the same time profound relationship with time, with the present, with the people. " Samohvalov take countless lessons in Petrov-Vodkin. Traveling with him on a long expedition to Central Asia. Somewhere near Samarkand comes to him about the same state of excitement the world, which was often in childhood Bezhetsk when he was looking for a rainbow or watching the sunrise or sunset in the fields or on Mologa ... "Indeed, it was beautiful. Peaches, apricots, some vegetables in the beds. But the main thing - it's a mysterious music that was filled garden. It was somewhere in the land, quiet, soothing and endearing this amazing peace of growth. It could be heard as if the disclosure of flowers and ripening fruit of the Garden of Eden. No one was playing. There seemed to be no tools and no musicians. Music came out of the ground around the garden. " I think the only kind of person understands the subtle beauty of the world, the music, the colors, its rhythms and secrets, could write amazing pictures that are included in the golden fund of Russian painting.
Petrov-Vodkin, of course, has a new life. Took it and Samohvalov. However, there is some difference between them in play today. Here we compare two or even three of Petrova 20s and Samohvalova. See "Portrait of Anna Akhmatova" or "Self Portrait" painting by Alexander Petrov and N. of that period. In Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin more complex view of life, they have more philosophy, he sees the tragedy of a new life, but also overcomes his faith. Samohvalov more declarative in his early works, perhaps superficial, but a lot of it is learning from Petrov-Vodkin and above all - the skill. And about his perception of modernity, he writes: "I am an artist who lives rough life, modernity. Nothing goes past my attention. In particular, what has the features, the meaning and value of today's reality. A sense of modernity - a very sophisticated feel. And in the landscape, although it lasted centuries, yet manifested in the end, are the features that will assume an expression of modernity. And they caught these traits. In addition to the objectively existing phenomena, there are professional features reflect this phenomenon in contemporary painting. Modern language. Attempts to ignore this aspect of the creative process leads to a lack of exposure to the product viewer. Therefore the search for modernity and modern rhythms, modern and tsvetoslozheniya tsvetovyrazheniya required for the artist ... In those years in the Printing Place my campaign posters were printed, and I met there in the shops with brand new for me images of Soviet women workers. They seemed so new to me, sometimes amazed that I spent several years working on the images of women workers 20s. Their detachment from family life, their new, different work, different excitement gave them an aura of romance entirely new, unprecedented order. Here I see a woman on the face of it - and the severity of the alarm. In her hands - file. For a moment she was distracted, drawing on it. She got up from vice and customize items are machine tools, she picked up the file, because her husband, a worker took a rifle in his hands and there, in the Civil War, fighting with the enemy ... During these years, formed new asserting independence features of Soviet women and girls. Physical education, aims to raise a healthy happy person closely associated with the team, led me to such images as "Spartakovka" and a series of images of the "Joy of Life".
Samohvalov wrote a very peculiar picture of the "conductress" (1928). Conductress ordinary tram, in the words of the artist himself, "something like that, Oran. If she got to meet Athena in his chariot, it would not have been surprised conductress, and Athena. So I thought then. I thought all clear. Paphos "conductress" remains pathos of the era. " Goddess, the goddess of the royal new era artist depicted ordinary conductress. But this era was giving him such a right - so to portray. "A special joy for me it seemed an exercise in painting images of my contemporaries of those years, the people of evolving socialist era. For a long time I've seen this formation, mainly in labor, in deed and all of a sudden I saw him in the triumph achieved. "A girl in a T-shirt" - a beautiful contemporary, girl, have not been done before. It - T-shirt. It is the clothing of time, inexpensively, elegantly fitting shape, gives a modern view of the girl. Her appearance - plain and simple. Bold, open to the future, in view of the dream and dropped towards the head of hair gives it the features of a person - a new party opened, rich with new motives of life. And it's not immediately unraveled even my friends ... (NC Strugatsky, who wrote a monograph on Samohvalova then, with prejudice treated this way, he believed that only work reveals the Soviet people. - IG) ... I saw a girl that could become a symbol, and wrote it. I brought this work on the opening exhibition and placed near the wall, which was going to hang it, but I had to be sanctioned by the jury and vystavkoma. IE Grabar (he was head of the jury - IG) passed through our room, and I turned to him with the request, pointing to "a girl in a T-shirt," the jury to find a way to collect and view my work. I really wanted to include it in the exhibition. Grabar then turned around to me, then, "Lady", a word or words, and I was worried what it would be. And he looked at me with a surprised look, the meaning of which I could not make out. But here he is with some enthusiasm expressed: "You do not need any of the jury! This Bravissimo! "- And with both hands shook my hand. Since adopted the "Girl in a T-shirt." It was called the "Soviet Mona Lisa" ... A dispute arose between Moscow and Leningrad - who should get the job. It was decided to still give it to the State Russian Museum, because I'm an artist, Leningrad. In 1937, "The Girl in a T-shirt" was included in the international exhibition in Paris. Won a gold medal there. "
For the artist Samohvalova exercise was a joy of life, the joy that has accumulated potential of overcoming the difficulties in the struggle to build a new life, the joy that is brought up by the love of man, and to all men, the love of the sun, to nature, to the world for all. That's why he has so many works devoted to sporting holidays, sporting youth.
And again, back to BEZhECK where often come Samohvalov and after graduating from the Academy, and then. Heartfelt words he left for his hometown: "Now that I've learned a lot of cities in our country, I began to understand the valuable features of our Bezhetsk, which I did not then I did not notice, no - I felt them and perceived, but did not give them to values, which they have in general and I - in particular. And this is the value I understand and appreciate it when lost touch with their city. And in those days I mostly missed that provincial anguish when drawn to the long-distance trains passing by. There you could see a lot of interesting and instructive, and we are attracted to these boyish years, twenty-minute stop. Then had a long stop, as it was necessary to stock up, and water, and fuel.
Silent yellow and blue,
In green wept and sang.
And when the Empress Maria Fedorovna was passing through our station from Kashin, where the relics discovered Anna of Kashin, was present on the platform of "the whole world", and to the princes, which Repin painted on his huge painting, joined a great many well-dressed women of fashion, so that we - the boys - manage to search out all come to know and remember what a "light." And it was useful to me when I was working on illustrations for "Anna Karenina." It's not just that. At the same time, our city harbored enormous amount of material for the illustrations to the "History of a City" Saltykov-Shchedrin. But that's not all. In our town, I met with the media at the time of the highest culture in the person of a secondary school Matveevitch Maksakova Ishmael, who introduced me to the poetry of Blok, symbolist poets and the West - Baudelaire and Verlaine - he introduced me to the works of Van Gogh and Gauguin, and with all the currents of art of the West, with the magazines "Apollo," "Old Times", "The Golden Fleece". And Nikolai Ivanovich Rurik - the teacher of a secondary school - told me of many contemporary Russian writers: Kuzmin, Remizov, Sologub, and others. Reported critical. "
In the days when the country was shocked by the death of Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai another lesson was devoted to the great writer. The story of her love for him, he began with what Tolstoy called the teacher of his heart. Samohvalov recalls how he came to Bezhetsk with the famous poet Sergey Gorodetsky, as they walked the whole night in the city park. Gorodetsky then wrote on his book "Blooming staff" humorous poems and gave Samokhvalova:
Great miracles are happening today.
Quite different in the counties was the style,
Wound up in Bezhetsk supporter Vinci
And with the "Staff of flowering" he goes ...
There was a great literary evening where Gorodetsky read verses glorifying the mill Zhohov. One of the anniversary of the October Samokhvalova assigned to lead design of the city for the holiday. On request, he coped brilliantly. "The demonstration was unprecedentedly grand." Then Samokhvalova instructed to perform the Palace of Soviets in Bezhetsk hall meetings with two thousand people and a theater stage. The project was made fairly quickly. He was taken to Moscow for approval, and overall it was approved, but for various reasons, are not implemented.
Creativity Samohvalova also called an expression of the poetry of Soviet life. That is also correct. It's very poetic, but very Soviet panels, made for the international exhibition in Paris, too, received the Grand Prix. The artist's works are always willing to buy abroad. But his most important paintings are in the Russian Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery.
Before and after the war, Alexander lived in Leningrad. During the war he was evacuated to Novosibirsk.
He died and was buried in St. Petersburg.
(Based on the book by Gennady Ivanov - "Famous and well-known Bezhechane")
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Дух дышит, где хочет.
Инвестируйте в искусство!
Последний раз редактировалось bykinist; 26.06.2013 в 00:40.
ALEXANDER SAMOKHVALOV 1894-1971
November 27, 2014 - April 2015
Benois Wing
Personal exhibition of works by one of the most famous Soviet artists dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birthday. The best paintings Alexander Samokhvalov (1894-1971), have become classics of Russian art of the 1920-1930-ies presented in the permanent exhibition of the Russian Museum and participate in many exhibitions. Well-deserved recognition of the work of the artist, made in the first decade after the revolution and detecting organic synthesis of the artistic discoveries of the early twentieth century and traditions of ancient monumental art, and narrative compositions and portraits of the early 1930-ies, dedicated to Soviet youth, including the famous series of watercolors "Metrostroi".
The last exhibition of his works was held in the Russian Museum forty years ago. The current exhibition is of all the arts, in the field which worked Samokhvalov - in addition to paintings and graphics of this sculpture, porcelain paintings, posters and even architectural graphics showing the projects on which the artist worked in the beginning of his career. The exhibition presents more than 250 works by the artist works from the collections of the Russian Museum, the State Tretyakov gallery and many other museums of Russia; Institute of Russian realist art (Moscow), the Russian Union of artists, as well as from private collections in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The exhibition acquaints visitors with the main stages of the master, starting with the early work of the 1910-ies, and completed one of his most recent large-scale paintings - "Appassionata (the Builders of communism)" (1967). The main emphasis is on the period of the flowering of creativity Samokhvalov in 1920-1930-ies. The main objective of the exhibition is to present the artist, not just embodied the scale of change and achievements of its era and reflected the new man, but who had a fine lyrical perception of the world. http://rusmuseum.ru/exhib/lenta/exhi...dr_samohvalov/
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Дух дышит, где хочет.
Инвестируйте в искусство!
25.06.2013, 23:45
A.N.Samohvalov, Portrait of the Artist's Wife
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