Oskar Kokoschka ... third, but not the last!

[vyadem]

Continuing the recent theme of LCR about Egon Schiele, for which she once more my gratitude, I want to remember yet another expressive artist Austrian - Oskar Kokoschka. I think asking about their well-known Austrian artists in response to received "Klimt, Schiele, Kokoschka. Indeed, it is difficult not include Oskar Kokoschka to this "troika", but what it it takes place - the taste of each

Oskar Kokoschka (01.03.1886-22.02.1980)

Oskar Kokoschka was born in the town Pöchlarn on the Danube in 1886. His father was a Czech, and came from a famous family of jewelers in Prague. Apparently, things had not fared too well: Kokoschka later recalled: "From him I learned endure poverty, but by slavishly do unloved unpleasant work, I never learned." Oscar's mother came from the Austrian province of Styria. She was a wonderful storyteller, and Oscar has instilled a love of nature. The future artist was in the family of the second of their four sons. When Oscar was a child, the family moved to Vienna, where he died in 1891 his elder brother.

      In childhood Kokoschka showed no inclination to art. He wanted to study chemistry, but the teacher, who is impressed by the pictures of Oscar, recommended him to study at the Vienna School of Applied Arts. Kokoschka went to school in 1905, but then he began to paint in oils, and in 1907 he found work in the Vienna art workshops. Soon, however, Oscar I became interested in literature. He undertook to translate a children's book, but as a result has written their own original text. His first book, "Dreaming youths, he and illustrated. Traces were also written two plays "The Sphinx and a stuffed" and "Murderer, Hope of Women", they say the critics, brought the theater of Expressionism in Germany. The main themes of the plays Kokoschka were: sex, violence, and the antagonism between man and woman.

      In 1908, the work of Kokoschka exhibited at an exhibition in Vienna, which was devoted to the avant-garde group, formed around Klimt. However, creativity Kokoschka because of violence and eroticism provoked a backlash from traditionalists, and in the end it was expelled from the School of Applied Arts. On one of his drawings in 1906 was a picture of a nude adventuress and dancer Mata Hari. It was believed that she was serving in the German intelligence service, in 1917, she was shot by the French. In 1907 and 1908 respectively Kokoschka often depicted naked girls. One of his favorite models was Lilith Lang, daughter of Mary Lang, feminists and co-founder of the progressive magazine "Women's instruments".

      In 1909 his works were shown at a major exhibition, and two pieces were placed in small open theater next to the exhibition. Scenes of violence once again caused a scandal, then and Art Studios stopped giving orders Kokoschka. Once, in one of Vienna's beer, he drank more than anyone else and won the bet. His greatest fan was a modernist architect Adolf Loos, who gave him a few private orders. Soon Kokoschka painted a portrait of the satirist Charles Cross, editor of "Torch. Cross on the subject said: "It is quite possible that those who know me will not recognize me in the portrait. But those who do not know - just recognize.

[vyadem]

In 1910, fortune smiled Kokoschka. He went to Berlin and was adopted Hervartom Walden, the energetic owner and editor of "The Tempest. Editor Kokoschka commissioned to do drawings for the cover of the magazine, and almost every number coming out of its cover. He also made a contract with the influential dealer Paul Cassirer. In 1911, Kokoschka returned to Vienna, and was appointed assistant teacher at the school, where he was once expelled. At the same time in Vienna he had a major exhibition, which visited ERZHERZOG Franz Ferdinand. The heir to the throne, however, exclaimed with indignation: "This gentleman need to break the bones!"

      In 1911, in Kokoschka began a passionate affair with the widow of the great composer Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Alma Mahler, elegant beauty, which was considerably older than the artist. In 1912, Kokoschka, found nothing better than to leave teaching, and exhibit in Cologne, which at that time was the center of all germanoyazychnogo avant-garde, and then in Munich.

      By 1913 his relationship with Alma Mahler became strained. Kokoschka's mother was opposed to his novel, and even said that shoot Alma. Once, when lovers traveled to Italy, they had to watch the brutal scene in the aquarium of Naples: marine insect Zhalilo and paralyzed fish. Kokoschka considered a symbol of his relationship with his mistress.

      He was still beleaguered persona, when he began teaching art at the Vienna School of Noble Ladies, directress of which was known for her progressive views. However, some of the parents strongly objected to this, and as a result of the Austrian government banned him from teaching. The war that broke out in Europe, it seemed, was all written off. Adolf Loos, used his influence to Kokoschka enlisted a lieutenant in the regiment of dragoons, glorious for its beautiful uniforms. Once reported by the official newspaper, Kokoschka in the chic outfit photographed, and cards with his picture were sold in the shops, next to portraits of famous actresses.

      At the beginning of 1915, Kokoschka was seriously injured in Galicia, was shot in the head and a bayonet struck a light. He was treated in Brno and Vienna, he began to write the play "Orpheus and Eurydice, the acquaintance with the poets Rilke and Hofmannsthal, but was soon sent back to the front, where they finally lost his health, having received concussion.

      Some time Kokoschka held in Stockholm, where a neurologist consulted, and then left for treatment in Dresden. After the war, the political situation in Dresden, was highly unstable, as well as everywhere else in Germany. Kokoschka became a member of a small left bohemian group. Here he was known as "mad Kokoschka. He suffered both physically and mentally. Perhaps this was due to the effects of his affair with Alma. To get rid of obsessions, he asked a seamstress to sew his rag-size woman, with whom he talked, and even took her with him to the opera.

      In 1919, Kokoschka was officially appointed professor of the Dresden Academy, and moved to a beautiful house with a studio. His life went uphill. It was a time of hope. Composer Paul Hindemith set at the Dresden State Opera musical performance of his play "Murderer, Hope of Women. In 1922, Kokoschka was invited at the Venice Biennale. His health has improved, and he leads an active lifestyle. He left his post at the Dresden Academy in 1924, just telling the doorman, and left town before his intentions were discovered. A lucrative contract with the financier Cassirer gave him the means to travel. Using Munich as a starting point, he traveled all over Europe and even went to North Africa, Egypt, Turkey and Palestine. 1931 brought him great success, despite the darkening political horizon, it was an exhibition at the Kunsthalle in Mannheim and in the Galerie Georges in Paris, where he was warmly greeted by the Paris public. The triumph, however, turned the conflict. Kokoschka demanded greater independence from its dealers, and they, in turn, sought absolute control over his work. Kokoschka broke with them, and exchanged harsh statements in the newspaper.

[LCR]

Poor Kokoschka - around a third!
Third in the list of the most famous Austrian artists, the third in the list of husbands /lovers, "Widows of four arts, and even here in Artinvestment.ru, he once helped forumistam unravel the mystery, but the most unfavorable to him read: shy:

[vyadem]

In 1932, Kokoschka once again showed his paintings in Venice at the Biennale, but now it has been met here is ambiguous. Mussolini made it clear she does not like art Kokoschka, and pro-fascist press in Germany made a number of attacks on the artist. By 1933, his finances depleted, and he left Paris and moved to Vienna, to be closer to his mother. He felt uncomfortable in a city ruled by a fascist administration Chancellor Dollfassa, and after my mother died that year, went to Prague and took Czech citizenship. The Austrian government has tried to return the artist, offering him leadership of the school of applied arts. In 1937 it was retrospective exhibition at the Austrian Museum for Art and Industry, at the same time, more than four hundred of his works were removed from German museums. In Prague, he met Olga, Pavlovsk, which later became his wife. At this time the war began in Spain, and Kokoschka warmly supported the Republicans.

      The Munich Agreement in 1938 made Prague safe haven. In September, Kokoschka went to England. It was safe, the same in England, his art was well known. However, the couple were desperately poor, in 1939 they settled where it was cheaper - in Cornwall. Oscar painted local landscapes in watercolor, and Olga was selling cakes in the store, to somehow make ends meet. The following year, they moved to London, as Kokoschka was convinced that the neighbors were suspicious of him. But London has crushed him: "What should I do in this hole (as he called his London apartment)?" I must think of new subjects for my paintings. When spring comes, I feel like a migratory bird, I want to leave the city and draw something something simple, such as grasshoppers. When I go back to the city, landscapes are transformed into the political picture. suffers from heart pain, but I can not get rid of it. "

      Wealth Kokoschka improved after the war. In 1945 he received a symbolic prize in a broken war Vienna: exhibition, which, apart from his paintings were works by Klimt and Schiele, by the time both of them were no longer alive. In 1947 there was a large retrospective exhibition at the Kunsthalle in Bern, and in 1952 his work was devoted to the 26-th Biennale in Venice. Kokoschka became a British citizen in 1947, but he wanted to remain in the country, where he felt uncomfortable. In 1953 he headed the International Summer Academy of Fine Arts in Salzburg, and thus restored the relationship with Austria, where he began his career, and in the same year he settled on one of the resorts of Lake Geneva. Now he was a very famous artist, but he kept aloof from the political and public life, so his death in 1980 in the resort of Montreux was quite noticeable.

      In the work of Kokoschka clearly traces the evolution of style and interests. Before the First World War, he painted mainly portraits, which are remarkable depth of penetration into the inner world of the model. Style artists of this period is characterized by the fine interpretation of the forms and freedom from descriptive realism. Gradually, however, in his manner became more interested in techniques of painting. But retain a subtle perception of the model. In 1920 Kokoschka was one of the most gifted of the German Expressionists. During this period he turned to the landscape that became his favorite genre. Introvert character of his early works, now lost jobs, which drew impetus from the outside, they used bold plastic natural forms, fashioned paste-like brush strokes in bright colors. During the Second World War in the works of Kokoschka lull, but then followed the work was fully expressiveness and much more subtle in color and pattern.

In the text of Edward Luce-Smith

[Кирилл Сызранский]

Сообщение от vyadem

Indeed, it is difficult not include Oskar Kokoschka to this "troika", but what it it takes place - the taste of each

For me he is the first place.
We Klimt to me "gold" too much, Schiele me a little scared, and I know him less.

[vyadem]

Сообщение от LCR

the third in the list of husbands /lovers, "Widows four arts"

LCR, and you can read more, please. I obviously have missed something: shy:

[Кирилл Сызранский]

Сообщение от LCR

even here, on Artinvestment.ru, once he helped forumistam unravel the mystery, but the most unpleasant for him to read

It should be recalled, and the theme for the vyadem as well.
http://forum.artinvestment.ru/showth...light =???????
In! It felt that it should be remembered.
Eh, what are sometimes subject to mind ...

[vyadem]

Cyril Syzransky, and so I wrote that the taste of each rastavlyat these artists on a pedestal from first to third place. At the expense of Klimt soglaen with you ... but Schiele and Kokoschka perhaps I shared a seat on the pedestal. While this is all conditional .. the main thing to like ...

[Кирилл Сызранский]

vyadem, so you Schiele recently had seen firsthand in Vienna, of course!

[vyadem]

Cyril Syzransky, I admit did not read the topic to the "Widows of the four arts", but so was pleased to read it now
Unfortunately, at this time, Sheila had only to look at souvenirs and posters around the city. But there are still thrills to the last time