Where are carved palisade?!
Vologda is rapidly losing its monuments of wooden architecture. Arson, natural destruction, demolition, replica - already a common phenomenon for the city, "where the carved palisade. Not in favor of preservation of monuments and the position of local authorities and the indifference of most citizens, and insufficient attention to the issue by the media.
Alexander Sazonov, the author's first book of Vologda wooden architecture "Such a city in Russia alone, which appeared in 1993 - of the few whose voice in defense of the unique wooden architecture still audible in the Vologda public and at different levels of government Vologda.
- You spend a tour with the display of wooden houses, and what most attracted the attention of tourists in these homes?
- Back in the late 1970's, people even before the tour had expressed admiration for, say, on the street III International saw wooden gate - this has long been nowhere to be found. These were the last natural, unrestored gate. Ten years before our visit, no one approached. After 10 years with boring people sit in the bus ... But later, under the influence, they say: "Now, looking as if your eyes, penetrated, presented our old days.
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Nowadays more and more I meet with people who have specially come to see the wooden architecture. But as one girl said: "I was in Vologda watch wooden architecture - had been deceived, that's going to Kirillov. Tourists are attracted by the very fact that the city is still preserved wooden architecture. In Vologda in the early XX century 4 - 5%of the houses were stone, others - Wooden ... All of inertia say about Vologda, as the ancient Russian city, but in reality it is not. Dynamics of the destruction of wooden architecture depressing. Since the mid 1960's, hundreds of homes in the central part of the city razed. In 1993, my book was 148 sites, in 1996, has 100 with a small, now began to conduct the audit for the tourist circuit - there were 30 with a small, which can go up and shoot without shame to put in the booklet. This is because of thousands, of hundreds in the central part of the city. Are approaching Ekaterinburg, where, as I recently learned, there are only nine sites.
- In the Ministry of Culture, 16 historic towns with wooden architecture. What place, in your opinion, among the cities of Vologda, play with wooden monuments?
- In my opinion, one of the first place, but not to be subjective, I can not send to the same Julian Semyonov, who said that the Vologda - the only city with monuments of wooden architecture in Europe. Dmitry Likhachev wrote that, if you want to get acquainted with the Russian wooden architecture of the city, you need to go to Vologda and Tomsk.
- Who is the chief enemy of wooden architecture Vologda?
- The enemy - apathy. In social survey only 9%of people who understand the value of wooden architecture. Immediately and the indifference of the authorities, who think like most of the inhabitants, moreover - condones such attitudes. Purely formally go to court, and the desire to bring the matter to an end in sight. Gubyatsya corners, which anticipated the revival of neighborhoods with wooden buildings, wooden sidewalks, where the filmmakers would have a live scenery of the city the XIX-XX centuries. Earlier in Vologda Zarechie could put the camera and shoot Zamoskvorechie or set play by Ostrovsky. This year the attempt was made director Maslennikov, who directed the film "Bankrupt". But he had hard.
- One of the reasons for the negative attitude of Vologda to the wooden architecture - unsettled life, the difficulties faced by the majority of the inhabitants of such houses. But over the last two to three decades of residential sites is not much changed there attitude towards their wooden heritage?
- I do not notice ... We lived in this environment. If the city is changing more than seven percent, this leads to psychological discomfort of residents. Should be in place where you can come and immerse themselves in the historic atmosphere of his land and childhood. If the understanding that the church does not need to destroy, has come, the other monuments, especially of wood, about the environment of these churches, not yet.
There is no patriotic education, it all comes down to the military-patriotic. 20 years ago, the authorities have decided: that there is a village, let's embankment in granite dress. And Muscovites tourists come to the river in Vologda, the monument to 800 th anniversary, and say: "Wow, a living river flowing through the city, the green shore!" All of the perceived differently.
- How much city officials understand the existing problem?
- Former Acting Mayor Gorobtsova after one of the meetings, I suggested to go with me on a tour. For two and a half hours in the city two days went, told only half of what I wanted. Then he felt it understood the desire to act. With the current mayor to tour so far failed. Work with other officials. All his books gave the governor Pozgalev, vice-governor of Vologda.
- Is there a chance to save what's left?
- There is a very simple measure against arson. And without changes in federal law. In place of the destroyed monument to prohibit building anything, except how to recover the same monument, in the same materials. He spoke with the mayors, and the previous and the current, all nod their head, but nothing is signed. If there were such an order at the mayor, there would be no sense to burn and would not need any duty conduct.
- In Vologda is an active restructuring of architectural monuments for offices. Houses built of brick and concrete, in violation of proportions, and only remotely resembles the original facade. How do you think is the way to salvation or the destruction of monuments?
- Earlier, I spoke from a position of "not to touch anything, leave it as is." When TSNIIP urban planning in the mid 1970's gave his work to Vologda, there provided for preservation of wooden monuments. Specialists understand that real life can go wrong, and provide extreme, when you could bring down the house in five protected areas in the historic part of town. Life has surpassed the most pessimistic expectations, and the attempt to create a protected zone only partially implemented in the neighborhoods surrounding the lane Zasodimskogo.
There is this attitude of some officials: do we wait until the house be dissolved naturally or be burnt, and in their place build a similar, even better - stone cottages with wood paneling. I highly do not agree to this compromise position taken as a dominant ideology. Rarely see that analog is constructed so that it can not be distinguished from its wooden prototype. From the best examples, perhaps, bring home to Zosimovskii, 35, and building on Herzen - just a good dummy. Therefore, my personal attitude - try to maintain their sites in the original materials.
If the position of the replacement of wooden monuments of stone to build a replica in principle, of course, the value of a historic town of Vologda is rapidly approaching zero. Museum workers are well aware of the difference between a true copy of the object, ie if we go further along this path, then turn the city of monuments in the city casts. If we talk about tourism, historical value, then for these alterations, it will be lost forever. People are going to touch the real, to feel his aura.
- What is the project for the restoration of a wooden house, you would have called the most successful?
- If during the Soviet times it was restored a couple of dozen houses, over the past twenty years, restored the houses 36, 37, 38 at Herzen and partly Stalin's house on Uljanovoj. Restoration workshop is no longer nearly ten years. Talking about quality is not necessary. Inside the house Levashov redesigned interior, inserted windows.
Conservation of the cultural layer - generally a complete failure. History of Vologda, confirmed by archaeological excavations, the least studied compared with other regional centers. And the Kremlin area, during the recent restoration of the Day Surge city, we dug and buried their history forever. Bridge in a landfill, but archaeologists at the excavation yielded week. Academician Yanin in Novgorod 55 years ago, started digging and dug up 10 percent of the cultural layer, and we say: To investigate the Kremlin area for the week. Semi-savagery and barbarity, which, as written by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, begins north of Vologda, now in the heart of the regional capital.
- In the modern world architecture, a long-standing trend towards the use of environmental materials, including wood. How do you think is not a good idea of house building in the style of the series building of the XIX century, and the introduction of fundamentally new and bold projects from wood?
- Traditions live only in development. It is necessary and can create at home using modern technology of environmental materials such as wood. However, I do not see Vologda style in modern architecture of the city, except in compliance with the magnitude of two-storey wooden buildings.
- in Tomsk, there is a social movement to protect the wooden monuments in the capital and St. Petersburg a sufficiently strong community that monitor the preservation of architectural heritage. How many in Vologda active defenders of wooden architecture?
- Unfortunately, there is no social movement. There are only a few enthusiasts who are sick of wooden architecture. Media greedy only sensationalism. House burned - call for comments. Change attitude of the inhabitants of Vologda's history will only targeted promotion of its historical heritage.
- Despite the fact that you call yourself an amateur local historian, now you're the only author of the work on the integrated study of Vologda wooden architecture. Local Old Russian art, church architecture is studied well enough. What is the reason for exclusion there of wooden architecture writer-researcher?
- I'm not local historian and popularizer. I translate into Russian spoken that before I found the other. It was even embarrassed that, having no special education, wrote a book, but with this edition - 47 000. So far it is unclear why this did not deal with museum workers, architects, restorers. Such work must be, because the city is gradually transformed into exhibition, albums, books, and this is very sad. In neighboring towns such authors were and are, for instance, in Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk. In rural wooden architecture mass sources, the same Opolovnikov and urban only about Tomsk and Kostroma.
Information:
Sazonov Aleksandr Irineevich
Born in Vologda in 1952. Currently headed by Vologda Office of the Federal Antimonopoly Service. Has the status of state councilor Russia 3 class. Alexander Irineevich known in Vologda as local historian and author of 4 books on the architectural and historical character. Publication of "My Vologda. Walking through the old town "in terms of sales in the city among the ten best-sellers in 2007. Alexander Sazonov - Chairman of the Vologda regional branch of the All-Russia Society for Protection of Monuments of History and Culture.
Interviews recorded Alexander Дуднев.
Photos used: A. Dudneva, LJ-nick gudea, K. Gudkov
The photo number 1. : In Vologda yet possible to trace the history of the city of wooden architecture of the late XVIII-early XX centuries. Home Zasetskii 1790-ies - the representative of classicism.
The photo number 2: House Nepeina in a single protection zone around the streets of Vologda Zasodimskogo has escaped demolition. Now in its place erected a stone cottage.
Photo number 3: after the resettlement house-monument "happens" fire, followed by the construction of "better" buildings.
The photo number 4: one of the relatively successful examples of modern buildings compensatory (Hertzen Street). However, models will soon be more than monuments.
In the photo number 5: Guseva wooden house was built after the demolition of brick and faced with "under the tree.
Photo number 6: House Levashov. Integrated scientific restoration of wooden monuments nobody does. Restoration of limited repair of the facade.
The photo number 7: a house burned down three times Yadav. Monument from total destruction only saves ethnographer-photographer Leonid Starikov, who continues to live in it.
The photo number 8: Carved palisade.