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Сообщение от SAH
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The custom of decorating icon gold, silver and dragotsennmi stones arose with the icons themselves. In the early period of some icons of the entire cast from gold or silver. In the ninth century in the Byzantine world famous chased salaries that cover the entire surface of the icon, except the faces and hands. In addition to chasing used equipment filigree, beading, and enamel. Through such gilded silver icon's look cast of precious metal. Dear Hats perceived as clothing revered shrine and a sign of divine power and glory. Salaries supplemented crowns, Coruna, tsatami. Russian salaries from XIV to XVII century. produced mainly in technology stamping - Basma. Their decoration was initially repeated Byzantine designs, and then turn east, the Golden, motives, and finally began to focus on the European money of the Renaissance. Basmennye salaries consist of separate bands of silver, engraved, either on the field and the background of icons. In the XVI century. Dear chased salaries were decorated with colored enamel on filigree. At the end of the XVII century. gained popularity salaries of solid silver sheet for the assignment over the faces and hands. They were decorated with engraving. In the ornamentation of emerged curvy shape of the European Baroque - vysokorelefnye bundles of fruit and flowers, to remain in the decoration of the salary until the middle of the XVIII century. Then they were pushed back styling rococo actively used the motif of broken shells. Classicism came to the Russian silver in Baroque painting, particularly in the province. Pots, pillars, ribbons, garlands, which appeared in the decoration of the salary, initially looked ponderous. By the turn of XVIII - XIX centuries. they have become more refined, and then gave way to strict forms of elegant Empire. In the middle of the XIX century. general interest in Russia's antiquities could not affect the decoration of the salary. PA Ovchinnikov, founder of Moscow's largest jewelry company, revived the technique of cloisonne enamel and enamel on filigree, which soon reached the highest perfection, and achieved widespread use. Introduction colored enamel, in artistic terms is competing with precious stones, increased the aesthetic impression of silverware. In the preferred coinage given to "fryazhskim grass" - Russian silver ornaments XVI-XVIIvv. Russian jewelry art of the second half of XIX - beginning of XX century. enjoyed worldwide fame, the works of firms Verhovtseva, brothers Grachev, Sazikov, Khlebnikov and sons, etc. repeatedly received awards at international exhibitions. Special beauty of different salaries, performed at the beginning of XX century. nouveau an appeal to the early Christian motives. This is the history of icons, decorated salaries.