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Сообщение от Wladzislaw
And I, behold, I wonder, what does the asterisk (*) about the name?
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AUCTIONS
Gomoku
• Anna Savitskaya
• 07/08/2008
Leafing through the auction catalogs, pay attention to the obscure icons, carefully placed next to the number of lots: another risk to buy a pig in a poke
Buying a work of art at auction - no easy matter. It is only at first glance, all is simple: declared the lot, called the starting price, the participants in the hall and on the phone begin to bargain. Flashed plaques, and now - the maximum rate, hammering, and the lot sold. However, the reality is somewhat more complicated. Collector on his arduous, albeit exciting road lies in wait for a lot of dangers. And not only the obvious - for example, the risk to buy a fake or a rush to pay for the work known more than its market value. In addition, there are many almost bureaucratic complications.
Take the starting price. As we know, this is a notional amount on which bargaining begins. Usually, all displayed on the auction lots have reserve price - the one below which the work can not be sold. Most of this price coincides with the lower limit estimate. When there is no reserve price, Lot is marked 1. But it happens that the seller and the auction house, enter into an agreement under which the owner of the subject receives a certain amount, even if the lot is not sold, - a sort of consolation prize. Such "guaranteed" lots in Sotheby's catalogs are marked in a circle 2.
However, the uncertainty of the minimum price the subject not so bad. The most dangerous of those metamorphoses that may occur with the auction price, or the proverbial hammer price. Buyer in any case have to pay considerably more in total, which was named in the auction - it must be added to the commission, which may be 12-25%.
We should not forget about taxes, especially on the value added tax (VAT). In most cases, it is 17,5%of the auction price (hammer price) and the amount of the fee. It applies to lots marked in catalogs Sotheby's and Christie's sign of the cross 3. If the character does not, tax is charged only the net profits of the auction house, that is, commissions, and pay it will be the buyer.
Even more difficult is the case with items imported into the country, where the auction. For example, if a work of art came from countries outside the European Union under the conditions of temporary importation, the VAT paid by the buyer on the standard scheme. These lots are marked signs Ω in Sotheby's catalogs and directories * Shristie's. (Incidentally, it is unclear why each auction house uses its own system of notation, if principles of taxation are the same.) But there are times that items imported into the country for sale (marked in catalogs Sotheby's symbol of two rhombs 4), and therefore, it is unknown Maybe they will after the auction house, will remain there in a country where it took place, or continue their journey. In this case, the buyer not only pays much more impressive tax, but gets a lot of additional problems with the transport work.
In fiscal wisdom in the final price of works of art can influence and force in the country, where the bidding, copyright law - the so-called droit de suite (in french "droit"), which in the public resale of works of art, the author is entitled to receive remuneration from the seller. On Russia's copyright law, whenever the product is sold at a price higher than the previous 20%, the author receives 5%of the transaction. This right is then transferred to the heirs and is valid for a long time - about 70 years after his death. Auction Houses, and these costs are shifted onto the shoulders of the buyer, therefore, gaining lots marked with special signs, should be ready for that yet and will have to pay a royalty, which can range from 0.25 to 4%. Greatest ingenuity auction houses have shown it to the symbol for such lots: literally every auction house has his own. Thus, at Sotheby's is a white cross in a black circle 5, at Christie's - λ; Stockholms Auktionsverk uses to refer to the letter D, Dorotheum said their lots with an asterisk *, and MacDougall's, and did sign the section §.
In general, the auctioneers, as it turned out, people are cunning and imagination. It seems that all of these delights were invented only one purpose - to completely confuse the potential buyer. How else to explain that Christie's asterisk denotes lots imported from countries outside the EU, Dorotheum - subjects covered by the right route, Sotheby's - only those works, for which there is any doubt in this author. Simply put, if the catalog you see Aivazovsky "with an asterisk, be careful and do not be lazy to find out what you are facing.
1
No reserve price
2 guaranteed lots
Lot 3 subject to VAT at 17.5%of the auction price and the amount of commission
4 Lot brought into the country for sale
5 Droit de suite