A passion for painting originated in Alexis in his youth, and in connection "with desperate gaiety" manifested in the enthusiasm for the cartoon, which almost led to dismissal from the Corps. Not leaving the service of a naval officer, Bogolyubov "students enrolled in the Academy, where he took lessons from Professor M. Vorobyov, BP Villevalde, AP Briullov, F. Bruni, PV Basin. In 1853, the Council of the Academy of Fine Arts honored Bogoliubov large gold medal, the title of the artist 1-degree and three years of travel to art centers of Europe to improve the expense of the Academy. Retired from the Navy, Bogolyubov to the rank of titular Adviser with the rank of the artist was reckoned to the Naval Staff. "So, I'm an artist", - said of himself Bogolyubov. Ahead was a life, not without bitterness and loss, but full of events and impressions, meeting people, ideas and actions.
Memoirs hierarchy written vividly and remarkably bright, almost conversational language, the author, with characteristic sincerity and irony. Some literary sketches are devoted to outstanding persons - artist INKramskoy, French physiologist Claude Bernard, Emperor Alexander III1.
In his will Bogoliubov (1896) "Notes" and other of his manuscripts have been identified for storage in the Manuscript Department of the Petersburg Public Library so that they were released after 22 years. Bogolyubov was given an amount of 2 000 rubles, which the Office of Library put at interest. At one formed part of the capital intended to hire a capable writer who would be put in order the record - "corrected the spelling, style, and retaining slovovyrazheniya" the author, but on the other - to publish a book. In 1996 alone, NV Ogarev spent years studying the life and creativity AP Bogolyubov, has published "Notes of a sailor-artist" in the journal "Volga" (Saratov), joined them for an essay on INKramskoy. Essay on Mary Bashkirtseva, like some others, did not become the property of the reading public.
On the Russian painter who lived in Paris, contemporaries spoke after the publication of her "Diary. And for future generations the name of Maria Bashkirtseva preserved, especially her "confession". Undergone (not without the help of professionals) a sound reduction and revision, "Diary" was published by Mary Stepanovna Bashkirtseva in 1887, three years after the death of his daughter. The book was a resounding success. Calling sometimes diametrically opposed opinions and emotions, it is very few people indifferent. In Paris the real "bashkirtsevomaniya. Editions diary followed one after another.
In Russia, with excerpts from the diary, as translated by L. Ya Gurevich, met in early 1888. In 1892 the magazine "The Northern Herald Gurevich published the entire" Diary "Bashkirtseva, work on which the advice of the mother of the artist. "Diary" endured several reprints in book form and was a success no less than in Paris. In the sensitive souls filled with the aspirations and suffering, mental and physical pain prematurely took the life of evoked empathy. Mary Bashkirtseva admired Velimir Khlebnikov and Bryusov. Marina has dedicated her her first book of poems ... There were also other voices - saying "the cult Bashkirtseva about female vanity fair, about bloated celebrities.
According to the hierarchy, a push to write an essay about Bashkirtseva are numerous reviews of sugary Bashkirtseva and her diary, which the authors have marveled at "the genius so early victim of the flower of the Russian intelligentsia." Resented as hastily and loosely idealized image of M. Bashkirtseva and created a myth about it. "We, the inhabitants of Paris, it was all gone terribly, and we regret that the Russian public to believe the writer that this is and has been de Bashkirtseva", - confessed Alexei Petrovich. A close friend of Mary Bashkirtseva Bozidar Karageorgievich repeatedly appealed to anyone "washed away with her memory that the vulgar make-up, which it covered. The myth continued to live.
A new wave of interest in the person of Mary Bashkirtseva rose in the 30 years of the twentieth century, when the fiftieth anniversary of the date of her death. Wrote plays, a novel, created a film about her love affair with Guy de Maupassant. But it is in France. In Russia the last time "Diary" was published in 1916 and the end of the century has remained a rarity. Only in the 1990's book back from oblivion. Many contributed to the revival of interest in the person of Mary Bashkirtseva AE Basmanov, who prepared the text of "Diary", the notes and the introductory article for the 1991 edition ( "Young Guard") 2. And, like a hundred years ago, some admired Bashkirtseva, others strongly rejected. And, as before, the image Bashkirtseva was veiled in secrecy, and questions relating to her life and work, remained unanswered.
Author of the book "The Real Life of Mademoiselle Bashkirtseva" A.L.Aleksandrov3 took upon himself the task and responsibility to tell the reader about the life of the "Russian French woman, hidden in emasculated from the names, dates, and many significant events diary pages filled with" ethereal, idealized to the sugar content " image of reality and, finally, life itself. After all, she was! After studying a variety of materials, archival and printed on M. Bashkirtseva, the work of French researcher Colette stagnant, a convert the first time a genuine diary Bashkirtseva, and the source itself, the author, not flattering myself with the hope to debunk the age-old myth, told "no use to anyone" the truth ...
More than a hundred years ago it tried to make Alexei Petrovich Bogolyubov.
Getting hierarchy with Maria Bashkirtseva held in Paris, probably in 1880. Bogolyubov lived in the capital of the world "for several years, was well known in art circles and the sign, according to VD Polenov," with all the French artists. As a professor of the Petersburg Academy of Arts and a member of its Board Bogolyubov took care of pensioners of the Academy, had worked creatively, leaving his comrades to making art to sketches to Normandy and Brittany. At the Paris World vystavke4 Bogolyubov Acting Commissioner's Russian art department and, at the request of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, a member of the jury. And the activity hierarchy for the organization of the exhibition, and his participation as an exhibitor, despite the refusal on competition awards were appreciated - Officer of the Legion of Honor and the sign of academic prize "Palma prima.
Invested with the highest confidence of the heir to the Crown Prince (later Tsar Alexander III), Bogolyubov, communicating with a wide range of people, did much to supplement his art collection. Tsarevich and tsesarevna, visiting in Paris, accompanied by a Bogoliubov attended workshops of French artists and their countrymen, "art galleries, shops", "bronze". In one of his visits to follow the advice of Alexei Petrovich, heir to the collection of rarities examined AP Bazilevsky, which was later, after lengthy negotiations, acquired by Bogolyubov for Russia, and with savings of 500 thousand francs.
Active, sociable person with extensive acquaintance, Alexei Petrovich was able to make his Paris house cultural center. Around hierarchy gathered Russian artists and general Russian living in Paris, close to art. In his spacious studio on the Rue de Roma, 95, each found something that is essential - good advice, material support, temporary shelter, pleasant communication with artists, writers, actors, singers, musicians. Gained extraordinary popularity originated in 1874, "Bogoliubov Tuesdays", where there were Turgenev, PV Annenkov, A. Tolstoy, P. V. Zhukovsky, Ilya Repin, Vasily Polenov KA Savitsky, N.D.Dmitriev-Orenburg, Yu J. Lehmann, P. Schindler, AA Kharlamov, IP Pokhitonov, AK Beggrow, French painter L. Bonn, M .- P. Laurence, J.-L.Zherom. Bogolyubov has actively promoted the construction of an Orthodox church in Paris, Alexander Nevsky (1859-1861), who played a prominent role in the life of the Russian colony in France. Construction of the cathedral was carried out under the guidance of another hierarchy, the architect IV Strom, on a draft of which was built in 1885 Radischev Museum in Saratov. Interior of the cathedral painted on the recommendation of the Bogoliubov pensioners Academy of Arts and AE Beideman, brothers ES and PS Sorokin and F. A. Bronnikov. Bogolyubov gave the cathedral its two paintings. In this cathedral funeral Turgenev, and a year later - Mary Bashkirtseva.
At the initiative of the hierarchy was established society of mutual welfare of Russian artists in Paris. Society had as its aim the device weekly evenings, education loan fund and, most importantly, the device exhibits. Already in January 1878 in its composition, there were over sixty people. Almost two years a haven of Russian artists was flat hierarchy, the territory of which perfectly mastered the participants "Tuesday". Art Exhibition of the Society had success with the Parisian public and widely reported in the French press and Russia.
Mary Bashkirtseva Prominent artists presented Maria Stepanovna Bashkirtseva, which Bogolyubov knew before. On the talent (and even genius), the young artist at that time a lot said and written. Since the autumn of 1877 she studied at the Academy of Rodolphe Julian - the only private academy, where women have taken. Juliana did not have entrance exams, students in the given virtual carte blanche. In addition, the Academy taught such celebrities as Tony Robert-Fleury, Gustave Boulanger, Jules Lefebvre. In 1880 Bashkirtseva debuted at the Paris Salon, where the exhibited works of Leon Bonn, Emil Karlyus-Durand, Ernest Meissonier, Alexandre Cabanel, Jules Bastien-Lepage, her idol and later friend. The subsequent four years, the Salon jury also taken her work to participate in the exhibitions. One of the works Bashkirtseva presented in the Salon in 1883, was awarded "Honorary revocation. Maria Stepanovna judged that advice, and, possibly, protection hierarchy is very useful to the young artist, despite the successful career. Subsequent relationship with the family hierarchy Bashkirtseva largely determined by his intercourse with Mary Stepanovna. It was her way of life and thought has influenced the attitude toward Marie.
Not only the hierarchy's inner circle, but the general public know about the best intention of the artist to create a public museum in Saratov on the basis of its own collection of art objects and antiquities. His idea of eventually acquiring a growing number of supporters, found sincere sympathy and willingness to contribute.
In 1881, A. Pypin placed in the "News of Europe" article "Radischev museum AP Bogolyubov," in which not only paid tribute to the remarkable donation, but also emphasized the importance of the enterprise hierarchy for distribution of art education in Russia. By 1883, the establishment of the museum was virtually resolved - received the highest approval, is allocated for the construction of the Theater Square, from the city treasury allocated funds for construction. Collection hierarchy actively replenished. Friends and acquaintances gave him for the future of the museum works of art. For example, at a party organized by the Relief Society on the occasion of the new, in 1883 (two years before the opening of the museum!), Bogolyubov was a gift from the artist EK Liphart executed the portrait of Turgenev with an inscription: "The founder of the Saratov Mr Bogolyubov museum.
In the same year Mary gave Bashkirtseva AP Bogolyubov sketch to the rest and did not complete the picture, "holy women" (or "Massacre of the Innocents"). The picture was then placed in a chapel erected on the grave of M. Bashkirtseva. This Biblical story is deeply worried Bashkirtseva, work on a painting she did not stop until the last days of his zhizni5.
"The plot drags me: Mary Magdalene and the other Mary at the tomb of Christ. Just nothing conventional, no holiness, we must do as you think it was, to feel what you do "- wrote Bashkirtseva6. And later, "This is the moment when Joseph of Arimathea buried the Christ and the tomb piled with stones, all gone, the night falls, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary, sitting alone at the tomb. This is one of the best moments of the divine drama, and one of the least affected. There is grandeur and simplicity, something terrifying, touching and human ... "7 Realizing that the time and effort is not enough, Bashkirtseva believed that" do it well: "Let it be a mediocre paintings, but it will be enforced by all other virtues - honesty, emotion and movement. It is impossible to do badly what the whole soul is full of ... "8
Why Bogolyubov was given "worker" sketch, but not any completed work, and why this sketch was handed over to a collection of the museum of the future? Perhaps, Alexei Petrovich himself has chosen him, perhaps it was the choice of the mother of the artist, often make decisions for his daughter. Dar Bashkirtseva Bogolyubov testified inscription on a stretcher "Saratov Museum. Maria Bashkirtseva. 1883. Paris - esquisse les saintes femmes ».
In 1883, another event occurred, allows you to add some finishing touches to the relationship and hierarchy Bashkirtseva - the death of Ivan Turgenev. More than ten years of friendship bound hierarchy and an outstanding writer. Turgenev - the indispensable party "Bogoliubov Tuesdays, secretary of the Society of mutual welfare of Russian artists in Paris, the composer (at the request of hierarchy) a letter of ultimatum (1880) about the inactivity of the city authorities in Saratov on the device Radischevskaya museum, according to the hierarchy - the genius of an artist "belonging not only Russia but also throughout Europe.
October 1 at North Station in Paris, escorted home the body of the deceased at Bougival writer. At the farewell ceremony Bogolyubov said of the "Russian Parisians" extraordinarily eloquent speech, full of bitterness and admiration for the loss of "great talent". From France is in favor of Abu E. and E. Renan. Bashkirtseva was familiar with Turgenev, attended the ceremony and described it in his diary. She referred to all the speakers, highlighting Vyrubova (positivist philosophers, executor of Herzen and his publisher) and not name only one name - AP Bogolyubov. However, the name of the hierarchy appeared in a diary entry dated May 17, 1884: "I came back from the Bois de Boulogne and found Bagnitskogo, who told me that the hierarchy of the artist talking about the salon and someone said that my picture looks like a picture of Bastien-Lepage . Accusations of this kind were not new to her. Many times, she confided to his diary the pain and frustration over the fact that it is accused of imitating Bastien-Lepage, and that the brush Bastien-Lepage and Robert-Fleury "passes" on her canvases. But in this case "unjust" named: bad about it speak "in hierarchy.
In 1886, Alexei Petrovich sent the sketch "holy women" in Saratov Radischev Museum, which held its grand opening June 29, 1885. In the same year he transferred to the library catalog of the museum posthumous exhibition of works by M. Bashkirtseva, who died in October of 1884 - «Catalogue des oeuvres de M-lle Bashkirtseff. Paris, 1885. The exhibition was organized by L'Union des Femmes Peintres et Sculpteurs (Society of Women Painters and Sculptors), whose members were Bashkirtseva, held in Paris at the Palais des Champs-Elysées in February 1885. The exhibition and catalog were more a result of the tireless work of Mary Stepanovna aimed at perpetuating the name of his daughter.
The first clean sheet of the book Bogolyubov left the inscription "Saratov Museum from Mrs. Bashkirtsovoy 23 February 1885 and drawing (pen and black ink), depicting a woman standing leaning on a pedestal with a vase with exotic plants. At the half-title secured card «Madame Bash-kirtseff et toute sa famille», and complimentary ticket to the exhibition its name from the Company. The book was presented on the opening day for the narrow circle of "elected". For the general public exhibition began its work on February 24. This unique copy of the catalog is stored on this day in the library muzeya9.
The catalog consists of a preface, which was written at the request of the artist's mother's well-known poet and prose writer Francois Cope, a few melodramatic texts dealing with Mary Bashkirtseva, signed by «Une amie», «Saint-Amant» and «Paul Deschanel»; poetic works of E. Ducros , R. and J. Gaillard Susie in her memory; reviews of her personality and work, published in the press, and its own "directory" (100 paintings, 6 pastels, 35 drawings and 5 sculptures). Numbered 60, 61 and 93 appear projet, esquisse and Étude pour le tableau «Les Saintes Femmes» 10. The catalog also includes excerpts from the diary of Mademoiselle Bashkirtseva and more than twenty reproductions of her paintings, graphic and sculptural works.
From catalog Bogolyubov gave a gift to the museum at the same time Mary Stepanovna two photos of his daughter. Mary loved to be removed, although it admitted: "My photographic portraits never give me, they lack the color, and my freshness, my incomparable whiteness of my main beauty 11. In one photograph Mary is shown seated in an armchair (published) on the other, larger - standing at a small wooden table with his arms hanging down (the brush together in the castle). The latter is made in the Parisian photographic studio Benque C ° in the Rue Boissy d'Anglais, and is probably rare.
Every year on the day of death of Mary, Oct. 31, Maria Stepanovna arranged a memorial service in Paris, as always notify all the newspapers of St. Petersburg, Moscow and Paris. Perhaps, Alexei Petrovich, like many other famous people, received an invitation to a memorial service, as well as after the death of his daughter Maria Stepanovna continued to seek meetings and location hierarchy. But each subsequent attempt only reinforced the opposite effect. Finally, "the cold had become my lot to Bashkirtseva", - confessed Bogolyubov. During the celebration Bogolyubov in Paris in January 1891 a 50-year anniversary of artistic and creative activities among the numerous telegrams and letters of congratulation came from Mary Stepanovna Bashkirtseva, remains unanswered:
"Dear Alexey, let me with thousands of people across Russia to congratulate you on your anniversary and wish you all the best, and most importantly, to celebrate yet, and after 25 years of age and be healthy. I sent you a telegram, but the wrong number of journals, and private news I did not have. Accept my little Present to the big holiday. Always devoted to you and eternal companion all the artists M. Bashkirtseva.
If Eliza12 remembers me, he bowed to her very ".
AP Bogolyubov, of course, was entitled to his "unbiased opinion" of people who knew, and events, to which was. A reader, for which he wrote an essay, has the right to read it.
Irina Zhukova.
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