Meanwhile, jewelry in Odessa in the beginning of this century has been on the rise. Directory "Odessa" (13) 1893 in the "Golden products and jewelers' points to 15 of masters, as well as 20 master watchmakers, among whom were goldsmiths.
In 1904 the number of people who have chosen promyslovatye evidence on a group of "clock, gold, silver and diamond products, has named 48 people (7). Before the First World War there is rapid growth in the number of jewelers: in 1912, jewelry shops and stores is 62 (10), a year - 84 (11), and in 1914 had 113 (12), and in 1914 the first occurrence of a German jeweler firm Mayshofer I., Ko. Even during the war, in 1917 in "gold and silver" book "All Odessa" said 35 companies, and in "Diamonds" -20, including "K. Faberge.
Odessa in the beginning of the century was a major trade and cultural center of Russia. In 1897 the city population was equal to 403, and before the First World War - more than 600 thousand people. During this period the population of Odessa was the fourth place in Russia Empire, giving the two capitals and Warsaw, but ahead of Riga and Kiev.
Odessa assay control in 1911 brought the treasury 172 thousand of income, (Moscow Administration - 1353 TR, Petersburg - 436 TR, Warsaw - 406 tr). Growth assay income from Odessa to the level in 1910 was 28%(25). In Odessa held the lion's share of Russian exports of gold and silver metallic-thread production. Thus, in 1911 through the port of Odessa exported abroad metallic-thread products 4044 pounds of the amount of 489 thousand rubles (5).
Carl Faberge could not help but draw attention to Odessa. He opened an office here, because one of the laws of capitalist production is the continuous expansion of the market. Should critically assess the date of the Odessa branch of Faberge, which is given in the literature - 1890. References in Odessa for the years 1890-1899, even in the most detailed, among jewelers, gold and silversmiths, the Faberge name (or its representatives) are not met. It is quite possible that before 1900 the company and its salesmen carried out in Odessa, one-time deal. So it was no accident and no mistake the date of opening of the Odessa Branch (1900 year) in 1910 in a memorandum to the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty Eugene Faberge (14).
"South-Russian Almanac" Yu Sandomir, 1900 for the first time gives the advertising: "K. Faberge. Courtier manufacturer of gold, silver and diamond products. Odessa. Deribasivska street, house Mendelevich. By the end of 1899 at the corner of Deribasovskaya and Preobrazhenskaya street was built a huge, handsome "Passage" brothers Mendelevich - the pride of Commerce Odessa. There is no evidence that the store of Faberge in 1900, was in the "Passage", which is listed Deribasovskoy street as the house number 33. All subsequent references to time give the address of the shop Faberge's Deribasovskaya, 31. In the book by Kenneth Snowman is a photograph of the store, clearly visible in the window of large silver vase (vase resembling the style of the exhibition at Elaginoostrovsky Faberge in 1989).
House number 31 on the street belonged Deribasovskoy A. Brodsky (1). The same house was located workshop and store in Odessa, a well-known jeweler and watchmaker, merchant guilds I Joseph Barzhanskogo (this brand which is known in the museums of the country), and in 1917 in the same house was located store of Japanese products "with a surprising title Kjahta and Louvre "(8).
Generally Deribasovskaya street "lucky" to jewelers. In the directory "All commercial and industrial Odessa" in 1914 among the 44 addresses of jewelry shops and stores - 18 in Deribasovskoy street. The question of "How to get to Deribasovskaya?" In the beginning of the century was relevant to all potential buyers of products Odessa jewelers.
In Odessa State historical archives contain business office of mayor of Odessa "On the resolution of the trade house of Faberge K. opening factories gold and silver wares in the village number 1 to Tiraspol Str." Business was started April 1, 1903. Petition governor by proxy of the Firm "K. Faberge. Moscow signed Vladimir Drugova and Ivan Anthony. Both personality very notable "hereditary honorary citizen Ivan M. Anthony, wrote in 1915 Agathon Faberge, is employed by the court jeweler Faberge in 1899, as head of the jewelry department store in St. Petersburg since 1906, he is constantly performing instructions and orders given by the company by the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty "(17).
As Vladimir Drugova, he later opened their own business in Odessa "B. Drugov and Co. ". In 1911, the owner of the workshop was Odessa B. Other (11; mistakenly written "AN Other"). Known ads: "Buying pearls and diamonds" B. another and to "Odessa, Deribassovskaya 21" (10). Unfortunately, in reference MM Postnikova-Losev (15) stigma V. Drugova no. A "business Drugova", appears to have been considerable.
The petitioners have sought permission, but with the condition "device of the two fans and five air vents. Obviously, the case of labor protection in Odessa was delivered strictly. The case revealed that the studio premises occupied four rooms, in addition to the apartment manager. Received permission to increase the number of workers up to 30 people (at the beginning - not more than 20 people). He gave the go-ahead on the suitability of premises architect L. Vlodek known in Odessa as a builder of "Passage" Mendelevich.
The final permission to open a factory at: Tiraspol, 1 (House IK Котронео), was obtained relatively quickly, almost a year later, on Feb. 26, 1904, with the condition "that all workers were provided with a set of pamphlets and the number of working hours is not exceeded the legal ten hours a day, for violation of which, independently bringing the perpetrators to justice, the factory will be immediately closed by order of administration "(16).
Discipline was strict at the factory (one of the components of the success of the company?). In the "Internal Rules of the factory gold and silver articles of the Firm" K. Faberge. "Odessa" (17) are noteworthy items:
"It is forbidden for men to deal with rude and obscene words to working in a factory female sex and vice versa (? - VS), or to talk among themselves indecent." Hence we see that the women worked in the factory. Priority in this regard. Who arrogated to himself the Kiev silversmith Marshak, therefore, questionable. At the same rules "forbidden apprentices: the breach of silence at work noise, shouting, swearing, quarreling and fighting, smoking tobacco indoors in factories in the time of telling each other jokes, or gather in groups to negotiate without the need for (almost impossible to Odessa requirement, given the popularity of Odessa jokes - VS).
Signatory to the Regulation 23 November 1903 factory manager V. Lundel (Victor Lundel).
Unfortunately, a large literature on Faberge and his firm, no samples are hallmarks of Odessa branch. It is clear that a significant part of the turnover of the Odessa company formed department store in Moscow and St. Petersburg offices, as well as in Kiev (in the period of the last in 1905-1910.).
The first manager of the Odessa branch (part-time) was, apparently, AA Bove (Bo). In any case, he Faberge in 1901, wrote: "My friend Allan A. Bo is my assistant and chief organizer - has established itself over the 14 years at The management of all of my affairs for the Moscow factory and offices in Moscow and Odessa" (18 ).
Kenneth Snowman (20) gives the names of Governors Odessa branch: Alan Gibson (Moscow Englishman) and Ivan Antonio, then George Piggot (Englishman Moscow), Vladimir Another, George Kral (Czech-born), and after his death - Zinoviev.
Indeed, in the directory "All Odessa in 1912 representative offices Faberge named GA Piggot, AB 1913 and 1914 - GK Kralj. Manager Kiev office was known to us V. friend, who after the closure of the office came in 1911 (?) In Odessa, opening their own businesses.
Odessa store in charge (at Snoumanu): Brockmann (German, St. Petersburg), G. Lundel (died 1905), G. Nyukkanen, then Filippov. At one time the manager was Vladimir Nikolaev.
Odessa plant, as indicated by K. Snowman, manufactures small jewelry and silverware. Of the above names are known products with the stamps and G. G. Nyukkanena Lundelya (26). Unknown names goldsmith, who worked at the Odessa branch of the firm. One name called in 1916, Carl Faberge. He asked to be relieved from military service Komalenkova - talented, very useful for me, the artist was sick burchatkoy lung, for which reason I have moved temporarily to recuperate in the south of Odessa in my office "(17, sheet 55; a petition on behalf of Faberge signed his son, Agathon).
1916 was difficult for the Odessa branch of the firm. In another petition, the Office of the Faberge Imperial Court states: "In my office in Odessa peacetime worked more than 35 artists, at this time have only three professionals. If these persons will be called (in the army VS), it would have to close my Odessa branch and pay by the end of the war high house rent contract "(21, sheet 40).
In the case of "deferred recruitment for military service" stated that "Komalenkov Ermilovich Ivan, a peasant, the year of Appeal 1913 (hence the birth year 1893 (VS), a native of County Tarusa Kaluga Province., Graduated from Central School of Baron Stieglitz in St. Petersburg, Master enamel (21, sheet 31). Faberge stresses that the exemption from service of these individuals (of whom Komalenkov) "essential" (sheet 35). In the case referred to, "indicates that individuals are the best performers in his studio "(sheet 33). That is the assessment of the jeweler, painter, master enamel Ivan Komalenkova.
Somewhat unexpectedly, typically in Odessa, it turns out the names of artists who worked with Faberge. On the pages of Odessa guides those years found such ads: "Professional Jeweler N. Chistyakov. Odessa, the former for many years as an apprentice Faberge and master teacher of art about the Imperial Strogonovskom School of Industrial Art in Moscow, taking orders and repairs to all kinds of jewelry, gold, engraved, engraving and enamel work. And also perform all sorts of work for the offerings: badges, enamel, monograms and faksimile. Deribassovskaya, 17 (2). Or more simply: "Cheka-Engraving and jeweler JF Semyonov, ex. master FABERGE. Odessa, Catherine's 20, the angle of the Greek "(2, pp. 405). Fabergé name in the text of the ad typeset in large letters, and immediately catches the eye.
Vanity masters knows no measure. Odessey Nikulin gives a kind of advertising: "Jeweler PA Nikulin, many years spent the first master in the Faberge firm. With a huge practice in that gives me the opportunity to understand the customer and his desire, was doing all kinds of work, jewelry and engraving, engraved on the newest features and its own foreign artist drawings. Agree also repairs and alterations of old things. Odessa Deribasovskaya, 13, in the yard, 2nd floor (6). How seriously should apply to this "first master." His name, many researchers have hardly heard of Faberge.
In the same "Russian Baedeker for the 1912-1913 year, already referred to N. Chistyakov, again attestuya a multi-year apprentice Faberge, said that" orders gentlemen visitors, are executed in a very short time (6, pp. 131 ), thus focusing on the holiday demand. Such self-promotion with the name Faberge shows us that the famous "children of Lieutenant Schmidt" is not by chance came from Odessa. But seriously, there was a "phenomenon of Faberge, whose name has become a synonym for life. It is no accident the Latin root "Faber" means "master". The name Faberge is identified the highest degree of jewelry.
The story of Odessa jewelers would be incomplete if it did not mention the article by the St. Petersburg magazine "Jeweler" N. Lyashenko number 2 for 1912 (22).
The author notes the low technical readiness "frame Odessa craftsmen and jewelers, the absence of Odessa (in contrast to St. Petersburg and Moscow) and technical drawing school, preparing students and apprentices in gold and silver case. "However, continued Liashenko, apprentices could attend schools in the capital, but since most of them Jews - access to them in the capital account is closed and its preparatory experience can not be conducted in poorly equipped workshops.
"Lack of knowledge can be explained by the fact that in Odessa, only 7-8 people master silversmiths. They are able to perform only the most basic items: spoons and forks, while the Moscow masters perform the market, highly artistic things and can easily compete with our. Is not this the answer to why so few items left Odessa jewelers?
"Odessa masters, continues Liashenko, working Sc. "Haberdashery goods, marketed by them to the Caucasus and Crimea, have complained that in the absence of hull apprentices, they are forced to cut production, despite the fact that overwhelmed with orders.
Recently, in Odessa, there is the development of precious works of art, such as pendants, necklaces, lockets, bracelets, pictures of which the master will receive one of Switzerland (eg, master Zubkis), the other from Paris.
From the interviews with the artists that produce such products (J. Kogan, Purgalin, Shargorodskii, Shenderovich, etc.), I learned that this kind of artistic works, there is significant demand and that they could compete with similar products of foreign activity. But again, for lack of a sufficient number of local craftsmen, who know how to operate such products, they have invited artists from outside and even from abroad.
The author finds the need to open in the Odessa Technical School for the preparation of jewelers.
Unfortunately, at present in the Odessa regional art museum collections are no products Faberge, although much of it reminiscent of an outstanding jeweler. Looking at pictures of LF Lagorio, with whom he had known Faberge, remember that a relative of the painter, managing the education department of the Ministry of Trade and Industry, A. E. Lagorio, was a member of the jury on the "drawing competition for jewelry production behalf of the court jeweler to the . Faberge "in 1913. Looking at paintings MP Klodt, I remember another Klodt, Nikolai Alexandrovich, the artist who worked in the Moscow office of Faberge, the teacher of the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
Waiting for his research as this page is a fascinating history of the company as: "from Odessa Desnitskaya - the wife of King of Siam and the court jeweler Faberge. The fact that the firm of Faberge was the first Russian company in Siam and the order of Gdańsk King met a lot of products possible and wedding gifts from the Prince from Odessa Desnitsoky. In any case, still the pride of the Royal Museum in Bangkok is a huge jade Buddha, made by jewelers Faberge.
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