Competitive work Verzilina Victoria on " Antique market today . The future of Russian antiques market "
Antiques in Russia through the prism of the times
" The characters ' past
The history of the formation and development of the Russian state has more than one century. Today in Russia are representatives of 193 nationalities and national boundaries encompass the space area of 17 km2 and time measured 8 time zones. Multiethnic people survived the Mongol yoke , a troubled time , the Swedish- Polish intervention , the split of the Russian Orthodox Church , the reforms of Peter I, as well as the numerous wars , including two world wars and . Impressive, is not it?
Undoubtedly, our state assigned a significant role in world history and culture. De jure, the Russian Federation, only twenty years old, de facto it is - the successor to the rich cultural past and the successor of the great historical path . In fact , the history of Russia - this time , when the hour came back into print a new edition of some socially important papers, and the October Revolution , it happened October 25, 1917 , and the beginning of the Romanov dynasty in 1613 , and 988 when adopted Christianity in Russia. Prints stories , sometimes their smell or even melody , sensations and experiences we can see, hear and feel the tactile through the lens of hundreds of years through the characters ages , expressed in forms of painting, sculpture and graphics , objects of arts and crafts , art works and literary works ... we are talking about antiques .
It is worth noting , antiques - not a relic of the time, he his character.
Man collector of antiques in their own way , " touches " to the historical past : for him there is no scope of perception of reality , and, as the reality of the events that occurred during the siege of Leningrad, where he picked up a personal diary of one of the survivors of the siege , and there are no frames of perception the emotional state of Ray Charles , when he listens to vinyl record with the single «Hit the road Jack», who brought his artist award " Grammy ". This is the essence of antiques - be unique , however, with an age restriction - " not less than " 50-60 years, depending on the country of " residence ." Our country is Russia , so some of the features of the functioning of the antiques market in Russia - in the following author's conclusions.
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" framework " of the present
We live in the Russian Federation. The state was formed in 1991 , so consider the development and current state of the Russian antiques market will from now on and in the context of historical events that occurred in the late 20 th - early 21 th century. Thus , the collapse of inter-ethnic stratification , the unstable political situation , uncertainty about the future and the economic crisis . Russia has committed itself to a rearranging of the planned economy to the market and made in the international arena with the initiative of establishing a multilateral political, economic and cultural dialogue. Diplomatic relations were established , and we have actively started to take root , or rather trying to infiltrate into the global economic system and the system of international relations. As a result of economic reforms and the "shock therapy" 90th in Russia was created " quasi-market " economy with the characteristics of "state capitalism."
Now the people : the impoverishment , unemployment , the elimination of savings as a consequence of hyperinflation. Business organization, unknown to Russian law and not controlled fully with the current legal view - a wonderful escape from the financial stagnation. That's at the time and conceived as such antique market .
By the way, in the Soviet time the state attempted to monopolize the ownership of works of art: the potential sellers pursued , and the goods expropriated . However, during the NEP was a change , though minor : opened a small number of shops and stores , as well as the auctions were held . In the restructuring of the state still controlled the trade of antiques , but the belt was not so delayed. Early 90's showed that all the results of slow but steady formation of the antique market in the USSR disappeared as well as the state itself .
At the end of 2012 in the domestic Russian antiques market were approximately 500 registered organizations , including about 20 auction houses. If we talk about how those results were achieved (minor in the European experience, but significant in the young state ) , it is worth noting that the activation of an auction of life occurred in the early 2000s, when the economy started to have all the great features of the market , what was adequate and the new political course chosen by the second President of Russia - Vladimir Putin It was during the "new" policy , improve the living standards of the population and , as a consequence, the occurrence of large amounts of money in free float, the necessary conditions for the formation of a stable antique market , however , market specific. Some characteristic features of the Russian antiques market :
1. Reliable reputation of each "agent" (purchase - sale of antiques ) facilitates quantitative and qualitative increase in the overall market , " antiquities ". But not in Russia. This feature of the market relations (at first we work on reputation, then it works for us) came to us , " sideways " because of scandals related to the sale of counterfeit items. " Competence " Russian representatives of the antique market and the " purity" of transactions and to this day many are questionable .
2 . Antique sales in Russia is still to some extent, means " black" accounting, strict confidentiality and arguable part of criminals that blocks the insertion of objects of art in official circulation and causes an informal division of the Russian market for "black " and " white ", although the feature is not peculiar only Russia .
3 . The state is not supported free functioning Russian antiques market . To date, the Russian legislation does not stipulate provisions which characterize the maintenance of a balance between the national interests of the preservation of cultural heritage and the interests of the internal market for antiques .
4 . Also in Russia not passed a law on the rules of conduct and evaluation of the quality of the examination, as well as on estimates of the works of art themselves . In the absence of criteria , the value of items may be unreasonably overstated or understated . Most often in Russian studies antiques ( examination ) is used visualization, without confirmation process (using the X-ray analysis of the paint layer , infrared imaging , etc.). Now the State Duma is considering a bill on antiques : simplification rules will address the import and export of cultural values that the favorable outcome will increase the level of investment in the cultural values of the times . However, while we still can not talk about the timing and outcome of the adoption of this federal law.
5 . It should be noted that in Russia there is some centralization antique market , which is ensured by the highly specialized agents in the arts. They are few , so the main financial flows pass through them, which in turn determines the structural composition of the market as well as its pricing.
6. Despite the policy of multilateral cooperation , the Russian antiques market is still characterized by " conversational " style of relationships , and not a wide selection of antiques . Also not developed a system of insurance of private collections .
"Opportunities " of the future
Based on the specific features of the formed and steadily developing Russian antiques market can suggest two options thereof. The only thing that unites them - this is dependent on the economic situation in the world. Now the differences :
The first option provides for the ongoing development , increasing the number of quality players in the preparation and implementation of legislation in this area. Joining the WTO (and we already "there" ) will promote a favorable customs and duties regime , as the adoption of a new federal law designed to simplify the rules for the import and export of antiques . With access to the world market Russia and the normal functioning of the market economy Russia's " granary " of antiques qualitatively and quantitatively increase by several times , and the market will be able to gradually integrate into the global system of the antique .
The second option provides for the economic turmoil in the world, which in any case would have a negative impact on the welfare of the citizens of the Russian Federation . For example , the suspension of the Parliament of the United States in October 2013 , and the inability of the two chambers for some time to agree on the country's budget for next year, could result in not only the U.S. but the entire world to disastrous consequences. When such changes in the modern system of international economic relations , the partial integration of the Russian economy in this system may affect the relative financial stability, and therefore will impoverishment of the people, work rule "no demand - no supply " - in fact, the " decay " of the market . One certainly - antiques to be sold , even if it will not be in active circulation, will belong to the people - the main guarantor of the security of a multi-national history .