Being impressed by the exhibition "Icons in the Tretyakov Gallery. A bit further into this topic. Some interesting stories, and wanted to freshen up and discuss.
Our Lady of Vladimir
The first third of the XII century
Constantinople
On the back: See and instruments of the Passion
The beginning of the XV century (?)
Moscow
Wood, tempera. 103,8 x 69,1
The most celebrated and respected in Russia icon of Our Lady of Vladimir »
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was brought to Kiev from Constantinople about Fine Arts, during the reign of Yuri Dolgoruky and stayed in the convent of the Virgin in Vyshgorod-residence of the Kievan princes. But a special reverence for it was not in Kiev, Vladimir, where the icon was brought in 1155 by Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky, son of Yuri Dolgoruky.
The Greek name of the ICO ¬ nograficheskogo type - "Eleusa" (literally translated means "Miluyuschaya") - in Russia has been transformed into "Tenderness," which corresponds more closely to the image: A baby gently pressed his cheek to the choir of the Virgin Mary, holding her by the neck with his left hand, and Virgin der ¬ inh babe on the right hand, cocked his head. A characteristic feature of the iconography constitutes ¬ Xia left leg babe bent so that the heel is visible.
Since the icon is related to many impor ¬ WIDE episodes of Russian history, the heads ¬ nym of which is considered the salvation of Russia in the late XIV century from
Mongol-Tatar invasion. Co ¬ publicly chronicle, 26 August 1395, when the borders of the Russian lands came the army of Tamerlane, the icon was solemnly transferred to Moscow. On that day, according to legend, Tamerlane was the Virgin in Ñèÿ ¬ Institute of sunlight, surrounded by countless "great warriors, in confusion, he turned his troops and went away without a fight. This event was of great importance for further stories and the Russian state and Orthodox Church, because the victory was not of war, but spiritual. Since then, the "Virgin of Vladimir" is revered as the patroness of the whole Russian land.
The Miracle of Our Lady the Virgin of the Sign "(Bitvl Novgorodians and Suzdal)
The second half of XV century
Novgorod
Wood, tempera. 133 x 99
The plot reflects the Novgorod icon legend about a historical event of the winter 1169-1170 period.
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Novgorodians refused to take himself to the prince Svyatoslav ¬ tion, an ally of Andrei Bogolyubsky. United howling ¬ ska several principalities Central ¬ Noah Russia under the leadership of his son Andrew Bogolyubsky, Suzdal ¬ Skog Prince Mstislav Andreevich, besieged the city. 25 February 1170 began a battle that lasted all day and ended with the defeat destroyer ¬ nym Suzdal. The memory of a brilliant victory over prevos ¬ walking on the number of pan ¬ com Novgorod preserved for several centuries, believing that it was Oder ¬ Jean with Holy Bogoro ¬ ditsy due to a miracle wrought by its icon "Virgin of the Sign" *. The image icon painter XVstoletiya ¬ Zil event in the form of three successive ¬ tional episodes, each of Coto ¬ ryh prominently in ¬ positions of the components, consisting of three horizontal ¬ experimental series. Upper - devoted to ceremonial transfer свя ¬ tyni of the Church of Our Savior on Ilin Street over the bridge over the River Volkhov to the main temple of St. Sophia Cathedral of Novgorod. Led process ¬ these in white robes with crosses of St. John - the first Novgorod
Archbishop. In the middle part of the com ¬ positions are depicted ambassadorial talks. Representatives of Novgorod, full of humility, with uncovered heads, left the castle to meet with the truce Suzdal ¬ ant. Suzdal, bold, confident of their superiority in the famously laid by ¬ mlennyh hats, interrupt negotia ¬ thieves. The soldiers begin to bombard the defenders of Novgorod, arrows Chin ¬ lyutsya "like rain", and one of them affects the miraculous icon vyne ¬ hay on the ramparts. Lower ¬ ny series tells of the victory of Novgorod ¬ rodtsev: their army leaves the gate towers, led by holy warriors mi ¬ George, Boris and Gleb, who appear and how the leaders of the army, and how miracles ¬ HYDRATED shield that covered from the arrows and swords enemies. Build Novgorod riders is solid and indestructible, which emphasized the vertical rhythm styagom with crosses. Suzdal defeated, many driven out of the saddle and killed in the confusion.
"The miracle of the icon of Our Lady of the Sign" - a monument, the character ¬ HYDRATED the era heyday of the Novgorod icon painting of the XV century, combining the I in a conventional detachment from earthly reality, and I remind about specific events.