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Valentine Twardowski, daughter of the poet: His major books were diaries

"Izvestia" continue the series of publications devoted to 100 anniversary of Alexander Tvardovsky. On the eve of the anniversary writer Sergey Shargunov talked with Valentina Twardowski. From these interviews we usually expect interesting details about how a hero of the day in the home. But Valentine Twardowski not only the poet's daughter - she was a historian by profession. So the conversation was lined up around the issue of the writer and society.

News: Valentina, and how much in demand today Tvardovskogo poetry?

Valentine Twardowski: It is difficult to answer unambiguously. In our society, yet not a single, split, one remembers the poet, the other into oblivion. At the hearing other names. About Tvardovsky write a little. His work, his magazine "New World" does not occupy the attention of current critics. Reading other articles, ask a question: was there such a poet is, did such a journal - or is it just a myth, as some claim?

It is symptomatic that in the days of the anniversary of the Victory, when radio and television frontline poets read poetry, author of "Terkin" was not among them. Was not among Tvardovskogo have contributed to the victory of culture, portraits of whom were placed with the Bolshoi Theatre - meeting place for veterans. But the letter, the flow of incoming poet, show that "book about the soldier" and helped them fight. They called it "saving" an escape from fear. The author rightly at the end of the war, wrote: "How many souls I was needed, //without which there is no me ...

Yet one can hardly speak of complete displacement Tvardovskogo of literature and life. It is often attract allies in the discussions. In the current print a variety of directions it is invoked when discussing contemporary issues cited - sometimes without mentioning the name of the author. Themselves also repeated attempts to "subvert" Tvardovskogo as a poet and editor eloquent proof of his "presence effect" in modern reality. And yet I have a feeling that the wider participation of the poet in our lives is not enough not only to his daughters.

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and: You and your sister have contributed to the publication of diaries of his father. This is a detailed story about themselves, their roots, about the time and people ...

Twardowski: Blogs Twardowski led to 17 years, leaving a record from 1927 until mid 1970. My sister and I dream to publish them in full, as a whole. In 2005 - to 60-year anniversary of Victory - were published diaries and letters of 1941-1945, but they are cut off from the reader's high price is not available for veterans and intellectuals. It would need massive cheaper edition of this book. Now published diaries of 60-ies, and we are preparing a separate edition of the diaries of a difficult period in the history of the country, as a 50-ies. The book will be released without exemptions, available in the magazine version.

Diary prose Tvardovskogo multilayer. His record "for himself" talk about losses and gains, friendship and kinship ties, reveal his feelings and beliefs. There are portraits of contemporaries, the characteristics of the authorities and the literary environment, landscape sketches, many poems (some of them never reached the press). At the same time diaries reflect the most significant features of life in our society 30-60-ies. No accident that they are actively used in the works of historians and political scientists. The main place in the records Tvardovsky 60-ies is the magazine Novy Mir, the editor of which he was 16 years old and who had so much blood has cost him and his associates. My sister and I consider it a diary of his main book.

and: And what of the verses, in your opinion, most accurately reflect his personality?

Twardowski: Select any from this point of view it is impossible: he's a poet utmost sincerity. But especially a pity that little is known of his later lyrics, the one that came "at the bottom of his life, at the very bottom" - "Let's say you have your ottopal ..."," My hour morning, an hour test ...", "The bitter resentment own person ...":" With its trails in no sostupaya, //Do not retreat - to be themselves. //So to manage his fate, //so it has found itself the fate of any //And someone's soul let the pain.

and: "Do not retreat - to be yourself" - this position. A Twardowski to the end believed in the idea of socialism? How much has changed his attitude toward the Soviet regime at the end of life?

Twardowski: He believed in the idea of socialism and faith in this great humanist idea of equality and fraternity are not lost. He did not consider the Soviet socialist system, seeing it as just a distortion of the idea, proclaiming the equality of opportunity for all, personal freedom and full development. The socialist ideal for Tvardovskogo was not a program of building a new society within a few five-year plans, but something like a guiding star, so as not to stray from the true path. Human progress is inconceivable without democracy and socialism.

and: Is it true that even in the 60 Tvardovsky in the country hung a portrait of the leader, lit his pipe? With what it was connected - with war, with the victory, with the memory of a great part of life?

Twardowski: When Stalin's life Twardowski wrote about it a little - just a series of three small poems, which is hardly going to be the leader. Stalin - "one of us": thought, as we said what we think. These three poems in 1951 did not resemble those that were composed at that time about the leader, praising his superhuman genius. In the "Land of Ants" on behalf of the peasant poet asks Stalin's answer to the questions that no one in the mid 30-ies did not dare to put before the leader. And in war poems Stalin is not mentioned.

The changes in the perception of Stalin, which is clearly evident Tvardovsky after the Twentieth Congress, were prepared accumulated observations and reflections. But Tvardovsky not removed from the wall of his portrait, not abandoned his poems about him. In recent years, he sharply critical of the party policy, which is reflected in his letters to the CPSU Central Committee. But with the party were linked three decades of life, to dissociate itself from which it was not in its rules. For the same reason he did not consider it possible to either erase or forget the years associated with faith in a leader. The office in the country to Fakhra and now hangs a portrait of Stalin - donated by art photographer neotretushirovannaya picture. It is clearly seen that the leader, smoking his pipe, his face pockmarked.

and: In 1960, Twardowski, together with composer Georgy Sviridov participated in the contest for a new anthem of the Soviet Union. Text was largely lyrical.

Twardowski: From the diaries it is clear that he perceived as the anthem of art, although for special purposes. But I would not agree that the text has turned his lyric. "Chimes of ancient battle sovereign //Carried away from the wall of the Kremlin //Like a song great and glorious destiny, /Thy, the Russian land ..." - Do not set these lines to the solemnity?

and: The initial word, I think, tune rather on meditation: "In the days of celebration and in the days of sorrow //We can not separate it always ..." Days of sadness. I want to listen to while standing at attention, and holding his head with his fist.

Twardowski: But it is these lines strongly rejected by the organizers of the contest: the mention of sadness felt out of place in the hymn Suslov. Twardowski started from the task: in the hymn, he argued, "should reflect the soul of the people." Particular attention is paid to the words catchy anthem sung. Twardowski and Sviridov has continued to work, when the competition was discontinued and writing the hymn commissioned Mikhalkov. It is worth noting that the music to the words Tvardovskogo wrote and Shostakovich.

and: Tvardovskogo hardly be referred to the "Westerners" or "rooted in the soil" within the Soviet literary litprocess. Moreover, it is still "divided" among themselves. For some, it is the peasant, military and sovereign poet, others say in passing about poetry, credit him with only a thaw "New World" ...

Twardowski: Like any great artist, Tvardovskogo impossible to unequivocally consider to any socio-political direction. Understand themselves as a democrat, he grimaced as if in pain when his magazine called liberal. However, the point of contact he had had with the Liberals and the Conservatives with reasonable, but not with the dogmatists of the party orthodoxy.

He always remained himself - in charge of his word, strive for the truth, which for him, a poet by vocation, are ultimately superior to the ideology and politics. That is why the fate of each of his poems was in his own difficult.

In 30-ies he wholeheartedly believed in the Soviet government and collectivization. A poem written such that it denounced the counter-revolutionary and sympathies to the kulaks. "Land of the Ant," in which Smolensk fellow writers found "counter-revolutionary tendencies" (arrest warrant had already been prepared), in the years of perestroika was defined as a Stalinist. And all because the author, strange conjuncture, tried to reflect "real life" with her anxieties and doubts, excited fragile traditional peasant way of life "under the root, cleaned up. And while writing about the hopes for the best, which then still remained a peasant.

The "Vasiliy Terkin was expressed first in the Soviet literature, the truth about the war, and because the poem had difficulty breaking through to the reader: suspended, banned. Defend it, in fact, the soldiers. Now, some demanding critics accuse the author of "Terkin" he said, not the whole truth about the war. But he is such a goal and did not set, creating a poem in the midst of the "terrible, bloody battle." But the truth remains the truth regardless of its quantity, the main thing that the author "never lied to lie."

This desire for the truth was beyond the control of "the spirit of party directives." Cause and remained Twardowski stranger to any authority - and the Soviet, and post. Otherwise, it could not be, if we bear in mind his approach to life: he served in the literature are not the powers that be, and the country and people.

12:26 18.06.10

http://www.izvestia.ru/culture/article3143038/