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Сообщение от Eugene

The point to touch the grave ..?

Сообщение от Eugene

Exhibition and so can make a grandiose, given that .. Wildenstein dynasty multimillionaires ..

Eugene, possibly to your questions will answer these two articles:

"What is the Pantheon, resting place of the best of the best? The Cathedral, built in 1789 - just on the eve of the revolution - in place of the ancient church of St. Genevieve, patroness of Paris, originally planned for Louis XV as a Catholic church. Curiously, even becoming a revolutionary necropolis, the Pantheon (in translation from the Greek "a place dedicated to the gods") and then repeatedly changed its purpose: it once again became a church, then again turned into a secular mausoleum. And in the days of the Paris Commune was even her staff.
The architect Jacques Germain Pantheon Souffle incarnation of his project and did not wait. It is alleged that the architect died, unable to bear against opponents of the project, which argued that building on the hill of St. Genevieve, as large structure (length 110 meters, width 84, height 83 meters) is impossible. The hill was partially hollow: the ancient Romans made a career here for the extraction of clay. But the temple was built -, and what! His dome above the "bowl" of the columns, which became the highest point in Paris, served as a model of the Capitol in Washington and St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Sculptural group on the pediment of the work of David L'Ange crowned with the inscription: "Great people - a grateful fatherland." The artist was instructed: Subjects must be appropriate for any political regimes. Therefore, there are shown and allegories homeland, freedom and history, and scientists, philosophers, and Napoleon, with barabanschikomY According to legend, L'Ange gave last appearance Andre Etienne, an old imperial drummer. One day the farmer came to Paris and saw himself on the bas-relief near Bonaparte. This so shocked the ex-drummer, that he died on the spot. In the Pantheon, of course, it is not buried.

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Nevertheless, on the hill of St. Genevieve Dumas met motley company. In addition to the five writers - Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Emile Zola and Andre Malraux - from 70 national heroes, buried in the Pantheon, the French have a hearing on a maximum half. Even in encyclopedic dictionaries have not the slightest mention of, say, Madame Berthelot - the only woman, registered in the tomb of the great sons of France. Who knows, that she was his wife, a chemist Marcellin Berthelot? Here is buried the remains of four dozen noble people of the First Empire, two-thirds of which are known only to historians. Near the heart of Prime Minister Leon Gambetta, sarcophagi scientist Pierre Curie and President Raymond Poincare, the inventor of the alphabet for the blind Louis Braille and Abbe GreguaraY complete absence of any system - Parisian necropolis no analogue Kremlin wall.
First place in the pantheon distributed by the decision of the National Assembly and the leadership of the noisy parliament vary depending on the direction of the revolutionary wind blowing over France. But beginning with the 1918 decision on "panteonizatsii" take the president on the recommendation of deputies, senators or academics. But as we know, every master of the Elysee their advisers and their preferences. For example, Charles de Gaulle in 1964, organized with the filing of the Minister of Culture André Malraux (later also "prescribed" in the Pantheon), the ceremony of burial ashes of Jean Moulin, the hero of the anti-Hitler resistance, murdered by the Nazis. And Francois Mitterrand began in 1981, his presidency the way with grand transfer to the Pantheon remains the leader of French socialists early XX century, Jean Jaures. We must pay tribute to Jacques Chirac: unlike his predecessors, he did not give "panteonizatsii" politicized by selecting the heroes of Dumas, an absolute figure.
By the way, it does happen, that remains a national hero in triumph contributed to the Pantheon to some time with no less enthusiasm to throw his ashes in a nearby cemetery of Saint-Etienne-du-Mont. The first is so ungrateful fate Mirabeau. In 1791, 400,000 people walked behind the hearse first speaker of the Constituent Assembly, which decided it was buried in the Pantheon. And two years later they are accused of treason Mirabeau ... Another temporary inhabitant of the Pantheon - Marat. He was - suffering from eczema thickset little man, not bad doctor and a brilliant journalist - is worshiped at him almost in prayer. From it depended the fate of the country and the lives of its citizens. But the July evening, Charlotte Corday has put an end to one of the Jacobin dictator: he was stabbed to death in their own bathtubs. A year later, the coffin with the remains of Marat, colorfully covered with purple cloths and took them all over Paris to the Pantheon. The triumph was incredible, really popular! Three months later, the same crowd that has made a triumph of Marat on his shoulders in the Pantheon, threw his body into the street. Rumor says that even the hungry dogs of the cemetery should beguile the remains of the man many decades had been ordered to call no differently as a bloodthirsty villain.
Alexandre Dumas pere, however, these painful historical reminiscences do not relate to: Stories on Olympus, he is not a lodger, and a full dweller. By signing this spring, a decree transferring the ashes of the great novelist in the Pantheon, Jacques Chirac, a fanatical admirer of literature, did not hide his enthusiasm. It was noticeable that the president had seen for a long political career, much, much agitated, leading the procession, which generated dust owner of Monte Cristo "in the Pantheon. Chirac is well aware of the deep political meaning of this action. No wonder he said: "Read and revere Dumas - to love France."
http://www.itogi.ru/pda/archive/2002...94.html?page=1

Being-in-death

Nicolas Sarkozy has decided to take care of the posthumous fate of Albert Camus. He proposed to move the remains of the flagship of existentialism in the Parisian Pantheon, call it in the posthumous fame of Voltaire, Hugo and Zola. A scandal broke out: the proposal by French President were relatives of Albert Camus, and leftist intellectuals accused Sarkozy of trying to earn popularity on behalf of the author of "Plague" and "outsider".
Ashes of Albert Camus rest in the cemetery LOURMARIN small town in southern France - where in 1958 the writer bought a house, and there he bequeathed his burial. In January 2010 the date of death of Albert Camus - he crashed in a car accident - 50 years old. In a circular dated and linked the proposal to transfer the remains of Nicolas Sarkozy, a writer in the Pantheon.
In the former church of St. Genevieve's distinguished sons of the fatherland were buried during the Great French Revolution. Since the middle of the XIX century the remains to the Pantheon tolerate less and less, and the selection becomes more severe, less buried in the Pantheon departed contemporaries, and more - those whose status is not subject to revision. This, of course, particularly true classical writers. For example, during the years of Jacques Chirac in the Pantheon reburied the remains of only two people, and that writers: Alexandre Dumas pere and Andre Malraux.

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Literary "canonization" Malraux Chirac, of course, was an example for Sarkozy. Name Albert Camus in the list after Malraux seems as natural as the transition from literature of the "lost generation" of existentialism. The influence of senior writer at the junior course; Camus even engaged transcription prose Malraux for the theater. And if the authorities are talking about transferring the ashes to the Pantheon Camus half a century after his death, that Malraux was buried in a mausoleum in 20 years after his death.
It is, however, take into account the difference between the two French classics. Malraux, after the war and cast literature devoted himself to social activities: he became the party's ideology "Rally for the Republic", and then the minister of culture in the government of de Gaulle. Camus also never been a statesman, nor even as a fierce fighter, a politician, like other existentialists. This is the difference in civilian positions of writers and played a role in the matter of panteonizatsii author of "Plague".
The intention Nicolas Sarkozy Camus tribute to France journalists have learned in 10-late November. Sam French president plans almost did not comment, saying only that such a recognition of merit Camus seems to be appropriate and that he supported the idea wholeheartedly. At the same time Sarkozy said that the issue be discussed with the heirs of Albert Camus, without the permission of which no steps have been taken can not be. According to Le Monde, the representative head of state has met twice with the son of the writer, first on November 12 and then the 20 th, when the possibility of transfer of the remains already in full discussed in the press. Given that Jean Camus clearly opposed panteonizatsii father, then we can conclude that Sarkozy has persisted, and not just so.
With reporters writer's son is not talking, but friends of Jean Camus resulted in favor of his decision two simple arguments. First, the intention of the President is in contradiction with the last will of his father, who wanted to be buried in Lurmarene. Secondly, the heir does not want the name Camus served as a state. Point.
Was less categorical twin sister Jean Camus, Catherine. She and a brother, stressed that their father did not like the rewards and avoid state honors as "claustrophobic". Nevertheless, Catherine noted that, of course, such praise writer fully deserved, and that for someone to transfer his remains to the Pantheon would be important as the fact that the final recognition of Camus.
Many opponents panteonizatsii writer say that it is contrary to his position in life. With this easy to accept, if we remember the heroes of Camus: Meursault, "outsider" empty social conventions, and Dr. Bernard Rieux of "Plague", a fighter-philosopher, who are alien to ostentatious heroism and pathos of the. However, in addition to such "internal" explanations are also external, political, that come not only from the life and work of Albert Camus, how many of the interests of Nicolas Sarkozy.
This argument is extremely simple. The President has recently lost popularity, and his proposal was widely seen as an attempt to raise his rating. Clearly it is formulated Olivier Todd, a biographer of the writer: Albert Camus does not need to Sarkozy. On the contrary, it is Sarkozy wants to borrow from Camus his intellectual brilliance. " Opponents see the head of state in his actions a special cynicism: "right" politician with avtoritaristskimi manners encroaches on the glory of the charismatic philosopher single, humanist, one of the symbols of the French intellectual. "Sarkozy - a friend of Bush, Gaddafi, Putin and Berlusconi - angry French academic Jean-Yves Guerin. - His policy is opposite to all the values that are defended Camus. Recall the relationship of the current French government with a community of writers, namely, the unofficial ban on criticizing the president for the winners of the Prix Goncourt. And although Jean Camus did not argue in detail its decision in the media, many believe that he was guided by the same considerations.
It is curious that he Sarkozy, whose intellectuals so readily contrasted with the existentialist writer, rather inclined to draw parallels between his and his destiny. Camus was born in Algeria and was not full-blooded Frenchman (his mother was a Spaniard), Sarkozy was born to a Hungarian immigrant and a French Jewish descent. The French president once said that thanks to Camus feels a sense of nostalgia, arriving in Algeria, although it biographically nothing connects with the North African States. Camus's attempt to introduce to the Pantheon and equate his way to Hugo and Voltaire, regarded by many in the context of public debate about national identity, which initiated Sarkozy.
While Jean Camus persists and remains of his father lying untouched in a cemetery in Lurmarene, President of the Fifth Republic may be considered a loser in this story. The French leftist intellectuals opposed Sarkozy united front and not let "take away" from a writer. This scandal, of course, had no effect on the reputation of Albert Camus, the most charismatic personality of French literature of XX century. He gripped the minds and the embodiment of conscience of Europe during his lifetime, and for five decades after his death did not lose that status. In recent years, noted the French journalists, the popularity of the second main European existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, has steadily declined, and author of "Plague", a figure far less controversial, is the zenith of fame. We can assume that the idea of romantic rebellion against the death was again important for the reading public. The battle against the surrounding Camus absurdity does not stop, the writer keeps the strike.
Cyril tadpoles
http://lenta.ru/articles/2009/11/25/camus/