Форум по искусству и инвестициям в искусство

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Сообщение от Boris Cohn (Сообщение 2459961)

To dispel such as officious and pompous celebration

Pushkin's memory

Do not make him a saint,
It is not suitable to the images of icons.
There was, as we know, the title is not easy,
But there was a Russian peasant.
Gambler, drinker, playboy, duelist,
In which not a drop of hypocrisy
And yet - a huge talent
Hulk rasseyskoy literature.
It Russian nature, the Russian spirit,
Russian character - all blended into one.
And the heat of the soul is not extinguished in the century,
Excites the heart and the head as wine.
He showed us the depth of language,
Parted, opened its borders,
Blessed each row
Soaring out of his mouth like a bird.
Richness, flexibility, strength for the time being
Dozing in the language and a new interface
Flashed when Pushkin opened them
And did our main domain.
No one in the world as long as the heights
Pushkin took that, to achieve was not able to,
So true - Pushkin is our everything!
There Pushkin, means - is Russia!
(I. Sheptukhin)

Added after 45 minutes
Ilyin
Prophetic calling PUSHKIN

1

Driven by a deep need of the spirit, a sense of gratitude, loyalty and honor, are going now the Russian people - the people of the Russian heart and the Russian language, no matter where they are gained - in these days of a century anniversary of the death of their great poet, his spiritual altar to express themselves itself and to all mankind, his words and his images a national symbol of faith. And, above all, - to give thanks to the Lord to give them the poet and sage, for mercy, for the joy of everlasting light the revelation of Russian spiritual nature and the great promise for the future of Russian.

[SPOILER] Not to concur we to "remember" or "commemorate" Pushkin, as if there were times of forgetfulness and loss ... But in order to witness to himself, and he, whose bright spirit invisibly present here its radiance - that all that he has created a wonderful, came into the very essence of the Russian soul and lives in each of us, that we are inseparable from him as he neotryven from Russia, we check his vision of himself and his judgments, that we learn to see it Russia, understand its nature and its destiny, that we are happy when we can think about his thoughts and express your feelings in his words, that it creation was the best school of Russian art and Russian spirit, that prophetic words from 50 years ago, "Pushkin - our all," right now and do not fade in the gyre of times and events ...

      One hundred years have passed since the deadly lead
      Poet of the heart tore ...
                                (Tyutchev)

One hundred years Russia lived, fought, created and suffered without him, but after that, they comprehend, they celebrated, they are illuminated and winged. And the further we move away from it, the more majestic, more mysterious, the more wonderful is drawn to us his image, his creative form, like a great mountain, not detract from, but ascending to the sky as we move away from it. And ... I want to say it in his own words about Kazbek:

      High above semeyu mountains
      Kazbek, your royal tent
      Shines eternal rays ...

This reveals the mysterious power of the spirit: farther we move away from it in time, and closer, all material, everything is clear, everything is cleaner, we see his spirit. Disappear all the time, conventional, purely human measure, less confusing us, what prevents some of his contemporaries to see his prophetic calling, to comprehend the sacred power of inspiration, to believe that this inspiration comes from God. And all of those sacred words which Pushkin himself, speaking of poetry in general and of his poetry in particular, we do not experience as a qualified, "allegorical" as a poetic personification or exaggeration. Let some of these words are of pagan origin, "Apollo", "muse", or - a poetic allegory, "altar", "priest", "victim" ... We already know and believe that on this altar really burned "sacred fire", that the "sky chosen singer" was really born for inspiration, sweet sounds and prayers, that this is really the prophet "cried the voice of God", and that up to his "sensitive ears" really "touched the divine word," - not in the sense of poetic exaggeration or pagan allegory, but in the order of the true revelation, our, nasheyu voruemogo and visible faith of the Lord ...

A hundred years since the human passions in human pain took him out of life - and we have learned to correct and firmly taken its inspiration, as divinely inspired. We are anxious to hear the heart, as Tyutchev tells him the day he died:

      You were living gods orgán ...

and understand it, "you've been living órganom Lord, the Creator of all kinds" ... We, along with Gogol claim that he "saw every high thing in his legal contact with the supreme source of lyricism - God" and that he "cared about was to tell people," Look how beautiful God's creation ... ", that he owned, as perhaps no one - "those thick and strong strings Slavic nature of which is a secret horror and shudder at the entire list of rights" for the lyricism of these strings is lifted up to God, that he, like, maybe, no one had the ability to wring "out of" that fire "the spark that is present in every creature of God" ...

We are together with the language of Pushkin's poetry recognize true "rite." We, along with Prince Vyazemsky willing to say to him:

      Priest ... spiritual,
      Doom and creative collateral -
      Flame of pure and supreme -
      You're in my soul saved.
      All the more clearly, all serenity
      Diffused light in you ...

Together with Baratynsky we call it "mentor" and "prophet." And along with Dostoevsky, we believe him "a great and misunderstood even predvozvestitelem."

And we not only do not give credit to some of his contemporaries gossip about him, about his passionate manifestations, its boiling and gusts, but also with love and cherish collect dust to dust that billowed solar pillar behind the vortex of Pushkin's genius. We are all here nice and expensive, and symbolically instructive. For we know that any movement on the ground raises the "dust", that nothing great in the land is not passion, that holy and perfect God is only one, and that one of the greatest joys in life is to find the mark of genius in the Earth dust and to see and learn in the flame of human passion - cleaning her fire of divine inspiration.

We're not talking about church "sanctity" of our great poet, and his prophetic power and the divine wing development of his work.

And let the pedants chastity and vozderzhnosti who always enough, remember the words of the Savior about the "sinlessness", which is necessary for condemning kamnemetaniya. And let them know that the poet himself, so strictly, so mercilessly judging himself:

      And among children miserable world
      Perhaps all the insignificance of it ...
      - So deeply cognizant
      Snakes heart pangs ...

- So truly described the lonely mystery of repentance before the face of God:

      And in disgust reading my life,
      I tremble, and curse,
      And bitterly complain, and bitterly shed tears,
      But the saddest lines not wash off ... -

- Foresaw "the court fool, and the laughter of the crowd cold," and the condemnation of hypocrites and bigots when he wrote in 1825 about the loss of Byron notes: "The crowd eagerly read the confession, notes and so on, because his villainy is glad humiliation high, the weakness of the mighty. When you open it in squalor in admiration. It is small as we are, it is disgusting, like us!'re lying, scoundrels: he is small and not as disgusting as you are, or else ... "

Yes, the other way! Otherwise, because the great man knows the hours and soaring flight, when his soul trembles as "awakening Eagle", and when he runs - and

      wild, and stern,
      And sound, and confusion is full,
      On the desert coast waves
      In shirokoshumnye Dubrova.

He knows well those sacred hours when the "six-winged seraphim," it opens the eyes and ears, so that he listened to - and

      sky shudder,
      And heavenly angels flying,
      And marine reptile submerged speed,
      And sub-vine vegetation,

is updated to the wisdom of his language, and the fiery flaming heart, and give him, "performance by the will of God"

      Verb burn the hearts of people.

Hence his prophetic power, hence the divine Flushed his work ... He is known for passion, not only personally sinful boiling, but the flame of divine bush, and the soul knows not only the "Frigid dream", but anxious arousal, wakefulness and the mysterious and sobriety in the contemplation of the hidden nature of other things, which is given only by the Spirit God the human spirit ...

That is why we, the Russian people have learned and have to learn to finish and all - come to Pushkin not on the details of his empirical life and not from jokes about it, but the main and the sacred in his person, from the eternal in his work, from his burning bush, his prophetic evidence, from those divine sparks that were sent to meet him all things and events, from the deep singing that everything meets his call and hearing the word - from the spiritual act that Russian Pushkin and beheld Russia created, and from the spiritual content which he saw in Russian life, in Russian history and the Russian soul, and that he approved our national existence. We must learn to love our brave poet, based on his calling, his ministry, his ideas. And only then we will be able to comprehend and lovingly of his life, in all its impulses, walk and eddies - because we see that the church has just abandoned the Divine, is a temple in which the deity will return to the next and the next many hours, and what about God's dwelling is permissible only speak in reverential love ...

2

So, the first thing we have to say and to approve of him, it is his Russianness, its inseparability from Russia, its richness Russia.

Pushkin was the living center of the Russian spirit, his history, his ways, his problems, his health and his forces patients nodes. This must be understood - and historically and metaphysically.

But, stating this, I do not only mean confirm view expressed by Dostoevsky in his famous speech, and would in fact not accept it, distance themselves from him.

Dostoevsky, Pushkin, recognizing the amazing ability to "universal responsiveness" to the "reincarnation into another nationality" to "reincarnation, almost perfect, in the spirit of other nations," saw the very essence and mission of the Russian people in this "universal humanity" ... "What is the strength of the Russian national spirit - he exclaimed, - but the desire in its ultimate goal of their universality and all universal humanity?" "Russian soul" is "vseedinyaschaya", "vseprimiryayuschaya" soul. It is "the most able to accommodate the idea of universal unity." "The appointment of the Russian people is indisputable-European and worldwide." "Being a true Russian, perhaps, means only (after all ...) become a brother to all men; universal man ..." "For real Russian destiny of Europe and the great Aryan tribe as dear as Russia itself, as well as the inheritance of his native land, because our destiny is worldwide, and not by the sword, and by the power of brotherhood." So, "to become a true Russian" means "bringing reconciliation to Europe's contradictions, indicate the outcome of the European anguish in his Russian soul, universal humanity and reunite, hold it with brotherly love all our brothers, and in the end, can be utter The final word of the great general harmony and fraternal final agreement of all the tribes of the Gospel of Christ to the law. "

According to this and Russianness Pushkin Dostoevsky was reduced to this worldwide responsiveness perevoploschaemosti in foreign, to universal humanity, vseprimireniyu vsesoedineniyu and, yes, perhaps even to the selection of "positive" human images from among the Russian people.

However, in reality - Russianness Pushkin is not defined and it is not exhausted.

World responsiveness and ability to equate art indeed inherent Pushkin as great poet, and, moreover, the Russian poet, in high, in the greatest degree. But the responsiveness is much broader than the composition of "other people": it connects the poet with the universe. And with the world of angels, and with the world of demons - the "tempting Providence" "inexhaustible slander" then circling in "muddy game of the month" "amid the unknown plains", the first vaguely knew "involuntary glow of excitement" in the form of drooping angel shining "at the gates of Eden." This force of artistic identification connects the poet, on - with all of nature: and with the night stars, and with the fallen snow, and the sea, and with the collapse, and with the soul anxious horse, and with beasts, and with thundering thunder, and with upas desert in a word - with all the outside world. And, of course, first and foremost - with all the positive and creatively created and accumulated treasures of the spirit of his own people.

For "the world" - is not only the human world of other people. He is - and superhuman world of divine and infernal hardships, and yet the human world natural secrets, and the human world of the native people. All of these great sources of spiritual experience are given to every native people, directly and without limit: and other nations are given only scant, conditionally, indirectly, from a distance. Understand them easily. No need to repeat them, impossible, ridiculous. Borrow from them only in the extreme, and with great care ... And what a deplorable fate would have of the people whose main mission would consist not in the contemplation of the independent and original work, but in the eternal reincarnation of a foreign national, in fission strange longing to reconcile the contradictions of others, in the creation of another unity!? What fate befall the Russian people if he Europe and "Aryan race" really will be as expensive as Russia itself, as well as the inheritance of his native land! ...?

Anyone who wants to be a "brother" of other people, he must first become and be - creative, original, on their own: to contemplate God and His works, raise your spirit, strengthen and nurture its national instinct of self-preservation, in its work, to build, to dominate , to sing and pray. Real Russian is primarily Russian and only in proportion to their content, quality, substantial Russian character he may be, and "trans-national" and "brotherly" tuned "universal man." And this applies not only to the Russian people, but to all the others: a faceless national "all-man" and "vsenarod" can not say anything to other people and nations. And none of our great - nor Lomonosov, Derzhavin no or Pushkin or Dostoevsky - almost never lived foreign, foreign maps, shadows strange creatures, never do not go and beg us not taken under European windows, begging for at spiritual poverty of the crumbs from the table of rich ...

Let us not be naive and say to ourselves keenly and attributive: borrowing and imitation is not the case, "the genius of reincarnation" and groundlessness and helplessness. And just as Shakespeare in "Julius Caesar" is a brilliant Englishman, and Goethe in "Iphigenia" said Teuton as ingenious, and Byron's Don Juan was never a Spaniard - and a genius Pushkin and Miserly Knight, and Angelo and Salieri, and Juan, and all named outlandish or disguise "resembling" Europe - is Russian, a national, brilliantly creative vision uzrennoe in the wilds of universal themes. For genius creates out of the depths of the national spiritual experience, creates, and not borrowed or imitated. For foreign names, costumes and all sorts of "similarities" float, flowers, suffers and rejoices in the national spirit of the people. And if it is, a brilliant poet who transforms into something it is not in the spirit of other people, but only in works of art, can be up to him and his uzrennye embodied in other nations, but are common to all ages and accessible to all people.

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That's why, claiming Russianness Pushkin, I am not referring to his brilliant appeal to other nations, and independent, original, positive work of his, which was Russian and the national.

Pushkin is a wonderful, complete and triumphant bloom Russianness. This is the first thing that must be approved by all.

Born in the transition period, 37 years after the public release of the nobility, who died 24 years before the socio-economic and legal emancipation of the peasantry, Pushkin himself headed the creative flowering of Russian cultural society, yet sobered by the noble rebellion, but his forces were preparing to the abolition of serfdom and the creation of a unified Russia.

Pushkin is in the great turning point, on the crest of the historic pass. Russia completes its collection of regional and multi-national forces, but has not yet blossomed spiritually: not yet freed itself socially and economically, not yet fully deployed its cultural and creative act is not to reveal the beauty and power of his language, still did not see any of their national face, neither his infinitely free spiritual horizon. Russian intelligentsia was not born into the world, and only literary zapadnichaet and learn from the French revolutionary conspiracy. Russian nobility has not yet managed to start their own independent, cultural and state mission, it does not have any idea of a mature, no experience, but from the 18th century, it has inherited a criminal habit terrorize their rulers palace coup. It has not yet formed his mind, and already beginning to lose their faith and are happy to take the "lessons in pure atheism" in homegrown or visiting volteriantsev. It has not yet recovered from Pugachev, and already beginning to forget the impression of a bloody pogrom of this recent historical echo Tatarism. It has not yet coalesced into a great national unity with folksy peasant ocean, it has not yet learned to honor commoner in the Russian spirit and Russian wisdom, and build him the Russian national instinct, is still firmly in their serfdom - and is beginning to be worn with the face of the Decembrists the idea of the liberation of peasants landless, not thinking about is that the peasant without land will become groundless mercenary, enslaved and always rebellious proletariat. Russian liberal-revolutionary nobility of the time taken for himself the "salt of the earth" and therefore dream of restricting the rights of the monarch, unlimited rights which had just focused, prepared for sverhsoslovnym sverhklassovym and reforms, the nobility did not see that the great transformation narodolyubivye Brewing in Russia, could be made only sovereign head of state and faithful, cultural intelligentsia it did not understand that Russia needs a wise, nation-building and the preparation for it, and not sowing revolutionary wind, not the expansion basis of national existence, it can not understand that parenting requires trusting people study of its spiritual strength, not caste conspiracy against the Emperor ...

Russia was on the great historical crossroads, cluttered unsolved problems and to what internally is not ready when it was sent and accomplishes insightful genius of Pushkin - Pushkin prophet and philosopher, poet and national educator, historian and statesman. Pushkin was given spiritual strength in a historically singular combination. He was what would be many of the geniuses of the West. He was given a poetic gift, delightful, exuberant, improvisatory lightness classical sense of proportion and neoshibayuschiysya artistic taste, the strength of sharp, fast, clear, visionary, deep intelligence and a fair judgment, which Gogol once put it: "If Pushkin himself thought so , it is true, it's downright truth ... ". Pushkin different astonishing frankness, noble simplicity, sincerity wonderful, unique combination of kindness and chivalry of manhood. He felt deeply his people, his soul, his history, his myth, his State instinct. And for all that he possessed the inspired freedom of the soul, which is able to find new ways, regardless of the restrictions and obstacles, which sometimes turn it on external appearance in "lawless comet in the circle to the number of bodies," but that is essentially befitting his genius was needed his prophetic calling.

A vocation of it was to take the soul of the Russian people in all its depth, in its entirety, and to issue, to make it perfect, and along with it - and Russia. That was a great job Pushkin to the Russian soul in all its historical and national existing difficulties nodes and passions, and find, to make, to suffer, to carry and show all of Russia - worthy of her career, to overcome these difficulties, the decoupling of these components, inspired ennobling and package these passions.

Ancient philosophy called the world in his great volume - "macrocosm", and the world, presented in a small cell - "a microcosm." So, Russian macrocosm had to find himself in the face of a holistic and Pushkin brilliant microcosm, which was to include all the glory, all the power and wealth of the Russian soul, her gifts and talents, and at the same time - all its temptations and danger, all the wildness of her temperament, all historically encountered shortcomings and errors, and all that - burn through, perekalit, melted in the fire of genius inspiration of mental chaos to create a soulful space and show a Russian, to which he is called, he can, that it bears, which he unconsciously seeking, what depths nap in it, what heights his name by what spiritual wisdom and artistic beauty, he is guilty of himself and other people and most of all, of course - its all-good Creator and the Creator.

Pushkin was given Russian passion that he showed how clean, winning significant and it may be the case, as she indulges in the inspired ways. Pushkin was given to the Russian mind, that he showed to what unerring objectivity to which it is a sparkling evidence capable of when he undoubt focused contemplation, a noble will and vsevnemlyuschey, vseotverstoy spiritually free soul ...

But at the same time, Pushkin had to be a child of his age, and the son of his generation. He had to take all the negative traits of the jet and gravity of his age, the dangers and temptations of the Russian intelligentsia's world view - not in order to validate and justify them, and to overcome them and to show the Russian intelligentsia, as they can be and should win.

At the time, Europe was the era of affirming religious doubt and denial, designed the era philosophical atheism and pessimism, poetically budding rebellion and blasphemous eroticism. French Encyclopedists Voltaire, Byron and the boys attracted the minds of the Russian intelligentsia. Hereditary succession and begins with them and Pushkin, in order to overcome their spirit. The devastating effect of this spirit described by him in his early elegy "Unbelief" (1817) and later with a sad irony in the poem "The Demon" (1823). Creative sterility of this spirit was exposed and sentenced in "Eugene Onegin" (1822-1831). Eight chapters of this "poem" was not finished and four, when, in April 1825, on the anniversary of the death of Lord Byron, Pushkin, still believing with all my heart, as it was in the last years of his life, ordered the Mass "for the peace of the slave God nobleman George ", that is, of Byron, and remove the wafer sends his brother Lev Sergeyevich - act as religious as it is a vital and symbolic. In 1827, he writes about Byron formula unerring accuracy, spiritual and artistic overcome. A few years later he nails the passing and encyclopedic, and Voltaire - insightful and accurate word:

      Cynic ... old men,
      Minds and fashion leader crafty and bold ...
                   ("To the grandees", 1829)

Subsequently, close friends of his, Pletnev and Prince Vyazemsky, noted his highly religious mood: "In the last few years of his life - wrote Vyazemsky - he had a strong religious feeling, reading and loved to read the Gospel, was imbued with the beauty of the many prayers, I knew them by heart, and often repeating them ... "

At the time, Europe was a great earthquake French Revolution that has infected the souls of other people, but not in their izzhivsheysya bloody storms. Russian intelligentsia immediately behind the West raved freedom, equality and revolution. For the killing of the French king followed Czar in Russia. The uprising seemed something salutary and valiant.

Pushkin is attached to this illness in order to defeat him. Suffice it to recall his early creation of "Liberty" (1819), "VL Davydov" (1821), "Dagger" (1821) and others. But even then he had realized his noble heart and uttered that regicide a matter of "treacherous", "criminal" and "infamous", that slavery must fall exactly "mania for the Tsar" ("The Village", 1819), that the outcome is not true in iniquity, and to "free soul worship law" (ibid.). Six years in the fate of Andre Chenier Pushkin power of imagination grasped his clairvoyant nature of the revolution, its ugly head and its natural course, and brought out all the harsh clarity as eternal judgment ("Andre Chenier", 1825). And when in 1825 it began a rapprochement with Emperor Nicholas, evaluate, and his brilliant poetic talent and his amazing mind, and his noble, brave honesty - when two chivalrous nature to know each other and trust each other - that was the case with by Pushkin's "betrayal" the past, and inspirational step mature and wise thinker. In these hours of their first meeting in the Nicholas Palace of the Moscow Kremlin - was symbolically laid the first stone of the great reforms of Alexander II ... And how infallible foreknowledge heard these words of Pushkin, written poet after studying the history of the Pugachev rebellion, "Do not bring God to see Russian revolt, senseless and merciless. Those who were plotting coups us impossible, or are young and do not know our people, or else people heartedness , Kojima and his own neck penny a mite strange little head ... "

4

So Pushkin made a spiritual way of life, from the disappointed disbelief - to faith and prayer, from the revolutionary rebellion - the free loyalty and wise statesman, from dreamy freedom of worship - to the organic conservatism, from youthful mnogolyubiya - the cult of the family hearth. The story of his personal development reveals itself to us as a statement of the main problems and the resolution of the spiritual life and the All-Russian Russian destiny. Pushkin life tirelessly searched and studied. That's why he was called upon to teach and to lead. And the fact that he found it, he found not only abstract thinking, and their own existence. He was and is becoming what he "taught" to be. He taught, not taught, not wanting to teach, and becoming and embodying.

The fact that he led, had a love for Russia, passionate and joyful depression in Russian element in the Russian past, the Russian soul, the Russian vulgar life. Contemplating Russia, he did not idealize and exaggerate. From the sentimental hypocrisy later populists he was completely free. It was he who, in his early poem "The Village":

      Everywhere ignorance fatal shame ...
      Here gentry wild, without feeling, without the law ...
      Here's the skinny slaves eked out on the reins ...

It was he who put an epigraph to the second chapter of "Eugene Onegin" goratsievsky sigh "Oh, rus!", - That is, "Oh, the village", and translated in Russian, "Oh, Russ!" - That is, equating Russia to the great village. It was he who in a moment of anger or protest against his expulsion exclaimed: "Holy Russia becomes unbearable to me" (1824), "Of course, I despise my country from head to foot" (1826), "I guess hell born in Russia with soul and talent "(1836). This, he wrote (1823):

      Pasites, peaceful people!
      You do not wake up call of honor!
      What herds gifts of freedom?
      They should be cut or cut.
      Their inheritance from generation to genera
      Yoke from gremushkami da Beach.

In short, the Pushkin Russian idealized system and the Russian way of life. But, with the Russian soul, it is from the depths of her began to listen to the soul of the Russian people and to know its depth in itself, and its depth in it. For this, he had two options: direct contact with the people and the study of Russian history.

Pushkin drew strength and wisdom, dropping to their land, nestled all manifestations of Russian folksy spirit and getting through them to the very substance of it. Stories that he heard his nurse Arina had for him the same meaning as the singing verses of Lazarus with monastic beggars. He shook hands with the fortress, and to join with them in long conversations. He was going to dance, listen to songs, recorded them and he danced with the girls and guys. He never missed the Easter vigil and friends always called "hear the voice of the Russian people" (in response to hristosovanie priest). He is going to lower, Kazan, Orenburg, in the Cossack village, and personal conversations collects memories of old-timers Pugachev. Always and everywhere he absorbs live Russia and saturate it a living substance. Not only that: it is a life of Russian people, he is not seen as foreigners in Russia and the Russian people. He takes over their customs, listens to their voices. He flesh out in them and, with all its immediacy, disguised in their clothing. Contemporaries saw him in all sorts of costumes, and that not a masquerade, and often on the streets, on the road, at home and away: in the Russian peasant, beggarly-wanderers, in Turkish, Greek, Gypsy, Jewish, Serbian, Moldavian, Bukhara, Circassian and even Samoyed "Ergaki." A brother, he lovingly took a Russian multinational element in all its diversity, and I knew it myself, and it brought out, as if in the form of "Epitaph":

      The rumor about me will be great for the whole of Russia
      And call me every one who is in her language:
      And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now the wild
      Tunguz and each Kalmyk steppe ...

A second way it was - the study of Russian history. He took it all as it was then available and known, and always striving for its original sources. His judgment on "Lay" was not only self-sufficient, at odds with judgments of the then Professors (Kachenovsky), but they were visionary and true to the point. Maturity and originality of his views on Russian history astonished his friends and contemporaries. The history of Peter the Great and the Pugachev rebellion, he first studied on archival primary sources. He had a creative vision, as a historian, and he wanted to write study after study.

What he saw in Russia and its past? .. Here's his original post:

"The great spiritual and political upheaval of the planet is Christianity. This sacred element disappeared and renew the world.

Greek religion, separate from all others, gives us the national character. In Russia, the influence of the clergy was as beneficial as detrimental to the land of the Roman Catholic.

We owe our history monks, investigative and education.

For a long time Russia was completely separated from the fate of Europe. Its broad plains absorbed countless crowds Mongols and halted their devastating invasion. Barbarians did not dare to leave in your rear enslaved Russia and returned to the steppes of his East. Christian education was saved and the dying torn Russia, not Poland, as recently claimed European magazines, but Europe, with regard to Russia, has always been as ignorant as ungrateful.

Russia never had anything to do with the rest of Europe ..., the history of it requires a different thought, a different formula ... "

We did not have any "great renaissance" or "knights" or "crusade." "Tartar invasion was not, like a flood Moors, fruitful: the Tatars did not bring us any algebra or poetry.

Russia came to Europe as a deflated ship with the sound of axes and the thunder of guns. Peter the war were beneficent and fruitful both for Russia and for humanity. "

Peter the Great. "It's too huge for us myopic, and we are still close to it - should move over two centuries - but find him feeling; the more I study it, the more amazed and deprive me of subservience to think freely and to judge."

Full rights of Russian rulers "saved us from the monstrous feudalism, and the existence of the people is not separated from the existence of an eternal feature of nobility. If Dolgoroukys proud intentions and so on. Come to pass, then the owners shower, strong their rights, all forces would impede or even completely destroyed the ways people free serfdom, limited the number of nobles and b used to shut the other estates way to achieve a state of posts and honors. "

"In vain revered Russian superstitious."

In vain they worship and slaves: "Look at the Russian peasant: is there a shadow of slavery and humiliation in his gait and speech? His courage and gumption to say nothing. Mimic it known; quickness and agility are amazing ... never notice it or rough surprise nor ignorant contempt for other people's ... Our farmer to tidy habit and by the rule. "

"Today, the political freedom is inseparable from our liberation of the peasants."

"Solid, peaceful unanimity may soon put us together with the education of the people of Europe."

"Proud of the glory of their ancestors, not only can, but must, no respect thereof is shameful cowardice."

"Russia is too little known Russian."

"How materiyal verbal language Slavic-Russian has the indisputable superiority over all European: his fate was very happy."

"I swear by my honor that I will never agree to - not to change home or have a different history than the history of our ancestors, which we sent by God."

Here's the basic national historical contemplation Pushkin. Here is his will. Here is his acceptance of the confession and Russia. It nurtured a love of the Russian people, with faith in his spiritual powers, in the nobility of his character, his identity and characteristics, in his religious sincerity, the innermost steel of his character.

      But in the temptation long punishment
      Pereterpit fate strikes
      Strengthened Russia. So hard mlat,
      Crushing glass, forges damask.

And more:

      A strong Russia? War and pestilence,
      And revolt, and external pressure storms
      Her, raging, terrific -
      Well see all worth it!

Pushkin, as no one before him, saw to the depth of Russia. He saw her in Russian. And to see in Russian - is to see the heart. And he knew it, and so wrote: "There is no credibility in the abuse, and there is no truth, where there is no love." But it is the power of love, he could allow his great job.

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This job was that to fill the spiritual and emotional freedom to make Russian - and so justify it religiously and historically, and so tell it her way, and thus lay the foundation of her upbringing, and the Russian people prophetically indicate his goal in life.

Here is the goal: to live in the deepest integrity and sincerity - divine content - in perfect shape ...

Who but Pushkin, could raise such a task? And what, if not divinely inspired inspiration might solve it? But Pushkin took it, and did allow.

Freedom - that Russian air she breathes and which the Russian people everywhere yearn if he is deprived of it. I do not mean a craving for anarchy, not tempted samoraznuzdaniya, and political freedom. No, it is that freedom that has characterized Russian man, originally given to him by God, nature, Slavs and faith - freedom, which should not win, but with dignity and creatively carry, spiritually filled, implement, to sanctify, to make out ... I mean freedom as a way of being and acting, and as way of the soul and instinct, as a living sense of style and its manifestations - a natural, direct, frank and sincere in their personal in the great. I mean the freedom of the rhythm of breathing, speaking, singing and walking, as the scope of the soul and the spirit of flight, how to live the way to approach everything and join with all the things and people - in attitude and communication.

Russian people can smell it in myself and in the other: and in whom he does not feel it, so it was a burden. But Western nations had never understood it in us, and until now, when the notice it, give it inappropriate or even derogatory names, and we condemn it, and for her - not yet visited us in a healthy Russia, and visited by eating it, enjoying it, often for life polyublyayut this Russian freedom - and us for it ...

Pushkin himself was breathing this freedom, happily enjoyed it and eventually found its way to the correct use, to the true, perfect, classically perfect filling it and use it. So he became a Russian national teacher and prophet.

This inner, life-spiritual freedom is expressed in the features peculiar to the Russian character and the Russian social order. These features are as follows: in terms of space, contemplation, creative lightness, strength passionate, prone to error; intoxicated dream, generosity and extravagance, and finally burn the art of life with laughter and humor overcome suffering.

These national Russian characteristics pose a great opportunity and a lot of danger. They blossomed talent and genius of Pushkin. And that flourished in them - he mastered them, fill them, designed and sanctified. And that's why he became a teacher and Russian national predvozvestitelem.

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So, this Russian soul the freedom to express, first of all, in a special expanse of the soul, in its volume and vseotkrytosti. It has the ability to accommodate all of the space of heaven and earth, all ranges of sounds, all the horizons of subjects, all the problems of the spirit - embrace the world from one end to the other.

The danger of this spiritual openness that soul shall be desolate, uninhabited, irrelevance, or will be occupied indiscriminately and without quality preferences. Will fail in bad chasm desert, false and celebrate the difficulty, or in chaos vsesmesheniya. To avoid this, you need the ability to tirelessly to "take", to perceive, to work, to learn - the ability to spiritually hungry and spiritually napityvayas never full. And yet - the ability to distinguish the important from the non-principal, prefer all important, objective, divine, and they settle themselves and their spaces.

Pushkin whole soul was like open, alkanes. He lived out of his depth, completely responsive chuvstvilischa - all open, like most Russian land, all responding like they sing of "echo". His whole life was held in the perception of new worlds and new plans of life, the eternal, involuntary-creative reading of God's Character. In his youth, all he sent life flooded his flood fill it Lavinia, not meeting the powerful, high-quality selection. His soul was choked, shuddering, metal, - mingled with a great trifle with sacred prank, brilliant with dissolute. And his friends seemed at times that he was "all isshalilsya" << 22 >> that they will not be able to "reason with" this "dissolute head."

But the genius of her husband and is fighting inspiration. The experience of life gave him hurt and flour disappointments and trials brought him early wise bitterness and science quality selection. Gleefully watch as Pushkin, year after year more and overcomes his all-Russian threat vsesmesheniya in freedom, as "spiritual thirst" conquers all, how inspired he inhabits his spiritual spaces - and ours. Genius filled and restrained playing talent. In a child mature prophet.

This vseotkrytost soul makes her receptive and contemplative, highly prone to what Aristotle called "surprise", ie, cognitive divovaniem the wonders of God's world. Russian soul by nature contemplative and external experience, and in the inner, and the eye of the soul, and the eye of the spirit. Hence its penchant for wandering, and brodyazhestvu pilgrimage to the picturesque and spiritual "contemplation."

The danger of this freedom is the contemplative passivity, in a barren observation in the sleepy sloth. To overcome this danger is not, contemplation should be creative, and laziness - the gathering of forces or the prelude to inspiration ...

Pushkin life indulged in the outer and inner contemplation, and sang "laziness", but felt that he was entitled to this "lazy" because the inspiration came to him just when he allowed himself freely and naturally graze in the fields and meadows of his contemplation . And, my God, what was that "laziness"! Before completing this "passive", "celebrate" contemplation! What fruit it gave!

That's what he gave himself all his life, that's where he was attracted to "nomadic laziness", his vsezhiznennoe all Russia brodyazhestvo:

      At the whim of his wandering here and there,
      Marveling at the beauty of the divine nature,
      And before the creation of art and inspiration
      Silently sink into raptures of emotion -
      Is happiness! that's right! ..

Aristotle was right in defending the right to free time for those whom live a free spirit! Pushkin was right, singing free meditation and creative idleness! He bequeathed to each of us - to earn himself a right, to make sense of the national Russian contemplation creativity and inspiration.

Furthermore, the Russian soul the freedom to express the creative lightness, mobility, flexibility, easy adaptability. This is the kind of emotional fluidity and melodiousness playfulness and all kinds of improvisation. This - the main feature of Russian character, the Russian soul. Risk of it - in disregard of labor and exercise, to a spiritual "science" - a baseless presumption, the excessive hopes to "maybe" and "somehow" ...

Pushkin was all - the game, the whole - the creative lightness, all - fire improvisation. Not for it if his friends - Zhukovsky Vyazemsky Delvig - called him "crickets"? And so, throughout his life, he learns the spiritual concentration, substantive attention, concentrated meditation. That is the meaning of his confession:

      "Learning to hold the attention of many minds."
      "Or many thoughts in my heart cherish."
      "And your creative thoughts
      In mature spiritual depth. "

And throughout his life he needs from his improvisatory gift - the perfect form. The severity of his claims to her was inexorable. He always felt that he "should" say, and what he is "not lawful" and "dare" to say. A few years before his death, he wrote about himself: "I am writing prose much wrong (what verse), but I say even worse ..."

So, here is his testament to the Russian people: burn, play, improvise, but always learn concentrated hard and require from you the perfect form.

This Russian spiritual freedom is, then, a kind of inner strength, the power of passion, the strength of the charge life, temperament, - for which Russian folk epic has two descriptions: "a force-then zhilochkam spermatozoa and shimmers as ...", and: "from the ground up to be a pillar stood nebushki, it was used to post the gold ring, the ring would take - Holy Russia turn ..."

The danger of this passion - in her spirituality and protivorazumnosti, in her own self-interest, in its spiritual irrelevance, in its purely Asian unrestraint ... Who does not know this Russian passion that threatens her spill her rut, her jumps, her fury, her hubbub - "Pugachev" - Pushkin said, "Karamazov" - Dostoevsky said, "Uncle Eroshka" named Leo Tolstoy - the , in truth, does not know Russia. But back to say, who do not know the spiritual, religious, rational and state transformation of the Russian passion - especially our Orthodox Saints, and further, Monomakh, Nevsky Skopin-Shuisky Hermogenes, Peter the Great, Lomonosov, Dostoevsky, and others, including to our darkest days - he does not know Russia ...

Among these Russian giants passion and spirit - Pushkin owns a special place. One of his contemporaries, the poet F. Glinka, wrote of him: "Pushkin was living Volcano inner life was of a pillar of fire." And it boil over the edge departing soul, this passionate eruption match - penetrating power sharp mind, neoshibayuschiysya aesthetic taste, quality and nobility of soul and emotion trembling ability to respond to all the Divine.

And now, here we touch one of the great mysteries of Pushkin and his prophetic spirit. Namely passion, lit to a depth of mind, there is a new passion - the spiritual power of the evidence. A mind full of passion from the depths, there is a new mind - a storm of profundity. Passion, clothed in artistic taste, is the power of poetic inspiration. Passion pours into conscientious generosity has once: conscience, responsibility, freedom of spirit and selfless courage of the soul. Passion, combined with religious sensitivity is a gift of insight and prophecy. In orlem soaring passion is born a new man. In a passionate spirit saturation new man ascends to God. Lightning awakens the volcano and the volcano erupts "sacred and secret" ...

So there is before us a shining image of Pushkin - the poet and prophet. This gives birth to the creation of his inspiration: "The Prophet," "The Poet," "Song of Bacchus", "black", "poet", "Kazbek Monastery" and others, innumerable.

And the voice of the prophetic call, addressed to Russia, not to be forgotten, while the Russian people will exist on earth: - Passion is the power bestowed by God, is not it a sin, but the abuse of it. Look for her soulful, a Russian, and you will create a great. And to your unrestraint is a perfect measure of nobility, taste, reason and faith ...

That is why this freedom is the freedom of boldness. Pushkin, a real Russian man, he lived in the forms of courage and bravery, not only political, but also the public, not only the public, but also personal, not only everyday courage and daring spirit.

Experiencing acute and sensitive matters of personal honor, he was ready at any moment to put their courage to a public trial. This is the meaning of his duels. Go to the barrier, duel, send enemy cartel - not hamper it. And by enemy bullet, he stood with the same amazing calmness with which he raced in the Caucasus in the attack against the Highlanders.

With the same chivalrous courage, he said the Emperor Nicholas I, the first date that he still loves and respects the Decembrists and only chance saved him from taking part in a demonstration in the square.

With the same lung and brave nonchalance he performed throughout Russia his countless pranks, which are then passed from mouth to mouth, exciting heart of the townsfolk.

And when this confidence creatively interpret and deepened spiritual - then it led him to the faces in the art of life and death, to the limits of the mystical experience of the world and the beyond. Death does not frighten him, and called him, saying his heart "about the mysteries of eternity, and the grave." That's where this hymn was born, sounding confession:

      There is a thrill in battle
      And the dark abyss on the edge,
      And the furious ocean
      Amid the menacing waves and stormy darkness
      And in the Arabian hurricane
      And the breath of the plague!
      All, everything that threatens to ruin,
      For mortal heart hides
      Inexpressible delight -
      Immortality, perhaps, a pledge!
      And, the one who amid unrest
      They acquire and manage could ...







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