Форум по искусству и инвестициям в искусство - The Soviet pavilion at the International Exhibition in New York

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The Soviet pavilion at the International Exhibition in New York

then message realized that very few know about the World exhibition in 1939 in New York.
About an exhibition of the 37th (with the "Worker and Collective Farm Girl" Mukhina) is many things, but about this a little.
Interested, found and decided to share.

Resolution of the Congress of the United States from June 15, 1936 64 States were invited to take part in the New York World's Fair, called "Building the World of Tomorrow." March 16, 1937 was accepted by the SNK of the USSR to participate in the International Exhibition in New York. For the organization of all the preparatory work on the participation of the USSR in the exhibition in 1939, was created by the Soviet part of the exhibition, which is subordinate to the SNK. It is charged with the development of the thematic plan of the pavilion of the USSR, the organization of work on the design, construction and decoration of the pavilion, the preparation of exhibits. The exhibition was to be held in 1939 and 1940, and has been designed for two summer seasons.

2. Signing the agreement on the participation of the exhibition between the corporation and the representatives of the Soviet government. From left to right: the authorized representative of the USSR to the U.S. Troyanovky, President and Advisor exhibition Whalen Plenipotentiary Representative of the USSR Umansky.

3. The signing of the contract between the Soviet representatives and exhibition corporation. Left to the deputy director of the Soviet section Basil Burgman, right president exhibition Whalen.

4. Deputy Director of the Soviet section of the Basil Burgman (right) together with the architect and consultant on the American side Breines Simon (left) inspects layout fairgrounds. At the heart of the European section of the exhibition director Elbin Johnson.

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The contract with Exhibition Corporation, the U.S. has provided free land for the construction of the pavilion and doing landscape design of the site. For everything else you have to pay. Construction of the Soviet pavilion at a cost of $ 4 million, and it was the biggest and most popular of the foreign pavilions. American pavilion cost $ 3 million. The construction work involved local contractors who worked under the guidance of the Soviet representatives.

4. December 5, 1938. Soviet officers and engineers with the children working on the construction of the pavilion, gathered for a rally dedicated to the two-year anniversary of the second constitution of the USSR. At a rally attended by Boris Iofan.
6. About 800 people gathered for a rally at the flag-raising on the Soviet pavilion under construction. Through loudspeakers broadcast greeting speech Kalinin.
7. Banquet after the meeting was held in the office building of the exhibition. Soviet family at the banquet. One would like to add - typical. :)

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According to his company's owner Stuart Dean, in 1937 only unexpected Soviet contract for the installation of the statue of the "New Soviet Man " was able to save their company from bankruptcy. The yard was the height of the Great Depression and contractors to stand in line for the opportunity to work on the construction of the exhibition.

1. Weight of the head is 5 tons .
3. Unloading the ANT -25 from the ship to the airport Floyd Bennett Field.
At the airport he unzipped , partially assembled and prepared for long-term participation in the exhibition.
Then transported to the Fairgrounds .
After transporting it finally collected and placed on a special pedestal .

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In the Hall of Nations was the exposure represents the political and social structure of the Soviet Union. There might have been acquainted with images of important figures in Soviet history and society. Among them were the reliefs of Lenin and Stalin and the bronze sculptures of Kalinin and Molotov. The ceiling was decorated with the coat of arms of the USSR with backlight. Located around the smaller arms of eleven republics within the Soviet Union. Coats of arms were made of precious and semi-precious stones.

1. The opening ceremony of the Soviet pavilion.
2. New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia speaking at the opening ceremony.
3. Invitees.
4. New Plenipotentiary Representative of the USSR to the U.S. Umansky.
5. The first day of the exhibition.
6. The exposition of the Soviet Union was in three different buildings: the main exhibition hall of the USSR, in the Arctic pavilion in Hall Nations, which was also equipped with a small exhibition.
8. Marines marching against the Soviet exhibition in Hall Nations.
9. On the wall hung a wall chart showing the structure of the device and the Soviet government. On the wall, in the automatic mode, the projected film about the 1937 election. The same wall was decorated with paintings depicting the first meeting of the Supreme Soviet. On a large table in the center was placed a copy of the Soviet Constitution in seven languages.

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The main Soviet pavilion attracted worldwide attention the giant 24-meter high steel sculpture called "new Soviet man" of Vyacheslav Andreev. Citizen weighed 30 tons, was mounted on a metal frame on the type of the Statue of Liberty, and is installed on a central 60-meter obelisk pylon. Pylon along with the statue was the second tallest building in the exhibition area. Soviet star rose above U.S. state flags, which is why, after the opening of the exhibition, the Americans had to set a flag on top of the 80-meter parachute tower, to regain the moral high ground at the exhibition center.
Visitors called the sculpture "Big Joe," working Joe "and" passenger on the Bronx ekspresvee. "Last nickname came because the figure was like holding on to the rail passengers in the bus.
The sculpture symbolizes the new Soviet man, strong in spirit, body and intellectually educated. He was holding a copy of the Star Ruby Kremlin diameter 3.6 meters. The front of the pylon was faced Shokshinsky crimson quartzite. The rest of the facades and interiors of the pavilion was used extensively marble. Sam Hall has a horseshoe shape. Its two facades were mounted reliefs of Lenin and Stalin. Lenin was placed under a sculptural composition symbolically depicting members of the revolutionary events of 1917. Under Stalin, Soviet citizens were depicted in the heroic socialist construction. Sculptors of these groups were Muravin and Lysenko.

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Going through the main door on the right, the view one finds a huge panel of 16 by 9 meters with a picture of the workers, pilots, explorers, artists, scientists, and other heroes of the Soviet Union, reaching a total road of socialism toward a brighter future. The work is called "The noble people of the country of the Soviets", and was made a team of 11 artists under the direction of Basil Efanova.
On the right and on the left was a sculpture of Lenin and Stalin, by Sergei Mekurova, made of granite, a small copy of the statues installed in Dubna on the channel it. Moscow.
Stalin monument (now with a broken nose) with the New York exhibition is now in the Park of Arts in Moscow (Muzion right of the building CHA), and Lenin is set at the beginning of Taras Shevchenko Boulevard, opposite the Bessarabian market in Kiev.
On the right wall has a huge geographical map of the USSR, scale 1:1 500 000, entitled "The Industry of Socialism", made of precious and semi-precious stones, decorated with diamonds, rubies, using platinized silver. All cards was 3.5 tons. More information about the card can be here[/URL].

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Walking up the wide marble staircase, the visitor enters the room, "The Economy and the socialist labor." There could learn what Stakhanov method, see the panorama of Magnitogorsk, a scale model and photos of the club for the workers, as well as a wall newspaper issued working steel mill. Also there was a bunch of charts showing the superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist labor.

Examine these visitors went further into the room, "Transport and Energy." Here you can stand in front of the layout Dnieper, look at the layout of the city Zaporozhye, and marvel at the layout of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric station under construction, the largest at the time in the world. In addition, this room was told about the transport infrastructure of the USSR, on the extent of mechanization in agriculture, and to get acquainted with the latest record set by Soviet pilots. Future path lying in the hall, "Culture and Recreation." He acquaints visitors with the highest standards of living and relaxation of Soviet citizens, as well as with free systems of Soviet medicine, child care, social care and education throughout the country. Sport was presented photographs of thousands of gymnasts coming slender columns on the Red Square in Moscow.

No time to marvel at the American free Soviet medicine, as they are already waiting for the next surprise in a room dedicated to the socialist urban planning. Here you can marvel at the giant layout of the Palace of the Soviets, made in scale 1:75, vesivshemu 20 tons, as much as 4 meters in height and consisting of 117,000 items.
The building is, as already under construction, and the highest in the world after graduation.

Those who do not admire the scale of the Palace of the Soviets, has been impressed fragment Moscow subway station "Mayakovkskaya" made a life-size, but without the tracks and trains. Real scale plant was handed over by large mirrors placed at both ends of the fragment. After such a scope to look at the progress in conventional housing construction and urban planning was no longer interested.

Further to the hall way was "art." There could consolidate the material obtained by looking at the paintings and sculptures of Soviet artists in the style of socialist realism, as well as marvel at the huge crystal fountain.

Next room was "Friendship and unity of the Soviet people." Wall was entirely decorated with a huge artistic panorama "Unity SSSP peoples", the size of 80 meters in width and 8.5 in height, it was the collective work of 12 artists under the direction of FF Fidorovskogo and VN Yakovlev. The topic of the panorama was a Soviet land and the friendship of peoples. In the background were painted landscapes from all over the Soviet Union, the old and new towns, communist construction, industrial centers, collective farms and state farms, hydroelectric power stations and channels. In the sky, flying airplanes. The seas and rivers sailing ships. In the center stood the Palace of Soviets, which runs a wide street on which the columns were marching happy Soviet people. Was depicted in the panorama of about 800! figures of all peoples inhabiting the USSR: workers, farmers, teachers, civil servants, academics, military and navy. On either side were shown a group of soldiers, sailors, airmen and tank guarding the socialist achievements.

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enjoying the happy smiles of the Soviet visitors moved into the room "of literature, science and the media," in which a prominent place was given to the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin, of course. Immediately: the Soviet press was exposition on the role of media in public life. Here you can sit, relax and get acquainted with the Soviet newsreel that was shown on the big screen. Interestingly, all the premises of the Soviet pavilion were air conditioned. From there on the escalator could get onto the roof of the building where there are restaurants and a cinema. The restaurant offers dishes of Russian, Ukrainian and Caucasian cuisine, a bar. The cinema has a capacity of 300 people, and also equipped with air conditioning, a theater show and new Soviet cinema. In addition to the exhibition hall Soviet films were just a few theaters in New York and Chicago. The exhibition showed the anti-fascist films "Professor Mamlok" and "Alexander Nevsky".

On the ground floor of the pavilion gift shop, where they sold books, newspapers, records with a Russian and Soviet music, and various souvenirs with symbols of the exhibition and the pavilion.

At that, the main building of the Soviet exposure can be considered finished. Nearby is another building up the Soviet exhibition - Arctic Pavilion. Inside you can see the original equipment was used during the expedition Papanina a large model icebreaker "Stalin", and stands talks about all the stages of development of the difficult road articulation.
Was mounted on the ceiling illuminated maps show the routes of Arctic flights Gromov and Chkalov, a non-stop flight from Moscow to North America, the perfect Kokkinaki in April 1939, and the route drifting station Papanin. Front of the pavilion exhibited ANT-25 which flew from the Soviet Union to the United States, Valery Chkalov.

Extract color film of excellent quality, which shows the exterior and interior of the Soviet pavilion:
= 0s [/media]

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According to the press coverage of a show every day for about 20 thousand visitors visited the pavilion of the USSR. At the weekend the number reached 200 thousand. In total for the first year with an exhibition of the Soviet Union met about 16.5 million Americans and citizens of other countries. Repeat the success next year already failed. The signing of the Molotov -Ribbentrop Pact , the partition of Poland and the subsequent attack on Finland led to tension in international relations, and the exclusion of the country from the League of Nations. In response, the Soviet Union unilaterally terminated the contract show without explanation. By its terms it was necessary 90 days to remove all the buildings with the provided site. To do this, the Soviet side was awarded a contract with Albert A. Volk Company, which began to dismantle the building with the possibility of assembly in the Soviet Union.
All exhibition materials accurately described , packaged and imprinted with Soviet representatives.

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The plane was removed from the pedestal, dismantled and shipped back to the airport in preparation for transportation by sea.

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After removing everything was loaded on several ships and sent to the Soviet Union.
The next season the public instead of the huge hall with working in the sky appeared a flat area.

The contract with Exhibition Corporation, the U.S. has provided free land for the construction of the pavilion and doing landscape design of the site. For everything else you have to pay. Construction of the Soviet pavilion at a cost of $ 4 million, and it was the biggest and most popular of the foreign pavilions. American pavilion cost $ 3 million. The construction work involved local contractors who worked under the guidance of the Soviet representatives.

4. December 5, 1938. Soviet officers and engineers with the children working on the construction of the pavilion, gathered for a rally dedicated to the two-year anniversary of the second constitution of the USSR. At a rally attended by Boris Iofan.
6. About 800 people gathered for a rally at the flag-raising on the Soviet pavilion under construction. Through loudspeakers broadcast greeting speech Kalinin.
7. Banquet after the meeting was held in the office building of the exhibition. Soviet family at the banquet. One would like to add - typical. :)>

According to his company's owner Stuart Dean, in 1937 only unexpected Soviet contract for the installation of the statue of the "New Soviet Man " was able to save their company from bankruptcy. The yard was the height of the Great Depression and contractors to stand in line for the opportunity to work on the construction of the exhibition.

1. Weight of the head is 5 tons .
3-8. Unloading the ANT -25 from the ship to the airport Floyd Bennett Field.
At the airport he unzipped , partially assembled and prepared for long-term participation in the exhibition.
Then transported to the Fairgrounds .
After transporting it finally collected and placed on a special pedestal .

In the Hall of Nations was the exposure represents the political and social structure of the Soviet Union. There might have been acquainted with images of important figures in Soviet history and society. Among them were the reliefs of Lenin and Stalin and the bronze sculptures of Kalinin and Molotov. The ceiling was decorated with the coat of arms of the USSR with backlight. Located around the smaller arms of eleven republics within the Soviet Union. Coats of arms were made of precious and semi-precious stones.

1. The opening ceremony of the Soviet pavilion.
2. New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia speaking at the opening ceremony.
3. Invitees.
4. New Plenipotentiary Representative of the USSR to the U.S. Umansky.
5. The first day of the exhibition.
6. The exposition of the Soviet Union was in three different buildings: the main exhibition hall of the USSR, in the Arctic pavilion in Hall Nations, which was also equipped with a small exhibition.
8. Marines marching against the Soviet exhibition in Hall Nations.
9. On the wall hung a wall chart showing the structure of the device and the Soviet government. On the wall, in the automatic mode, the projected film about the 1937 election. The same wall was decorated with paintings depicting the first meeting of the Supreme Soviet. On a large table in the center was placed a copy of the Soviet Constitution in seven languages.

The main Soviet pavilion attracted worldwide attention the giant 24-meter high steel sculpture called "new Soviet man" of Vyacheslav Andreev. Citizen weighed 30 tons, was mounted on a metal frame on the type of the Statue of Liberty, and is installed on a central 60-meter obelisk pylon. Pylon along with the statue was the second tallest building in the exhibition area. Soviet star rose above U.S. state flags, which is why, after the opening of the exhibition, the Americans had to set a flag on top of the 80-meter parachute tower, to regain the moral high ground at the exhibition center.
Visitors called the sculpture "Big Joe," working Joe "and" passenger on the Bronx ekspresvee. "Last nickname came because the figure was like holding on to the rail passengers in the bus.
The sculpture symbolizes the new Soviet man, strong in spirit, body and intellectually educated. He was holding a copy of the Star Ruby Kremlin diameter 3.6 meters. The front of the pylon was faced Shokshinsky crimson quartzite. The rest of the facades and interiors of the pavilion was used extensively marble. Sam Hall has a horseshoe shape. Its two facades were mounted reliefs of Lenin and Stalin. Lenin was placed under a sculptural composition symbolically depicting members of the revolutionary events of 1917. Under Stalin, Soviet citizens were depicted in the heroic socialist construction. Sculptors of these groups were Muravin and Lysenko.

Going through the main door on the right, the view one finds a huge panel of 16 by 9 meters with a picture of the workers, pilots, explorers, artists, scientists, and other heroes of the Soviet Union, reaching a total road of socialism toward a brighter future. The work is called "The noble people of the country of the Soviets", and was made a team of 11 artists under the direction of Basil Efanova.
On the right and on the left was a sculpture of Lenin and Stalin, by Sergei Mekurova, made of granite, a small copy of the statues installed in Dubna on the channel it. Moscow.
Stalin monument (now with a broken nose) with the New York exhibition is now in the Park Fine Arts in Moscow ("Museon" right of the building CHA), and Lenin is set at the beginning of Taras Shevchenko Boulevard, opposite the Bessarabian market in Kiev.
On the right wall has a huge geographical map of the USSR, scale 1:1 500 000, entitled "The Industry of Socialism", made of precious and semi-precious stones, decorated with diamonds, rubies, using platinized silver. All cards was 3.5 tons. More information about the card can be here[/URL].

4. Painting by Vladimir Kremer, "The Soviet pavilion at the World's Fair in New York in 1939."
In the background of the picture is visible mosaic map of the Soviet Union.

Walking up the wide marble staircase, the visitor enters the room, "The Economy and the socialist labor." There could learn what Stakhanov method, see the panorama of Magnitogorsk, a scale model and photos of the club for the workers, as well as a wall newspaper issued working steel mill. Also there was a bunch of charts showing the superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist labor.

Examine these visitors went further into the room, "Transport and Energy." Here you can stand in front of the layout Dnieper, look at the layout of the city Zaporozhye, and marvel at the layout of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric station under construction, the largest at the time in the world. In addition, this room was told about the transport infrastructure of the USSR, on the extent of mechanization in agriculture, and to get acquainted with the latest record set by Soviet pilots. Future path lying in the hall, "Culture and Recreation." He acquaints visitors with the highest standards of living and relaxation of Soviet citizens, as well as with free systems of Soviet medicine, child care, social care and education throughout the country. Sport was presented photographs of thousands of gymnasts coming slender columns on the Red Square in Moscow.

No time to marvel at the American free Soviet medicine, as they are already waiting for the next surprise in a room dedicated to the socialist urban planning. Here you can marvel at the giant layout of the Palace of the Soviets, made in scale 1:75, vesivshemu 20 tons, as much as 4 meters in height and consisting of 117,000 items.
The building is, as already under construction, and the highest in the world after graduation.

Those who do not admire the scale of the Palace of the Soviets, has been impressed fragment Moscow subway station "Mayakovkskaya" made a life-size, but without the tracks and trains. Real scale plant was handed over by large mirrors placed at both ends of the fragment. After such a scope to look at the progress in conventional housing construction and urban planning was no longer interested.

Further to the hall way was "art." There could consolidate the material obtained by looking at the paintings and sculptures of Soviet artists in the style of socialist realism, as well as marvel at the huge crystal fountain.

Next room was "Friendship and unity of the Soviet people." Wall was entirely decorated with a huge artistic panorama "Unity SSSP peoples", the size of 80 meters in width and 8.5 in height, it was the collective work of 12 artists under the direction of FF Fidorovskogo and VN Yakovlev. The topic of the panorama was a Soviet land and the friendship of peoples. In the background were painted landscapes from all over the Soviet Union, the old and new towns, communist construction, industrial centers, collective farms and state farms, hydroelectric power stations and channels. In the sky, flying airplanes. The seas and rivers sailing ships. In the center stood the Palace of Soviets, which runs a wide street on which the columns were marching happy Soviet people. Was depicted in the panorama of about 800! figures of all peoples inhabiting the USSR: workers, farmers, teachers, civil servants, academics, military and navy. On either side were shown a group of soldiers, sailors, airmen and tank guarding the socialist achievements.

enjoying the happy smiles of the Soviet visitors moved into the room "of literature, science and the media," in which a prominent place was given to the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin, of course. Immediately: the Soviet press was exposition on the role of media in public life. Here you can sit, relax and get acquainted with the Soviet newsreel that was shown on the big screen. Interestingly, all the premises of the Soviet pavilion were air conditioned. From there on the escalator could get onto the roof of the building where there are restaurants and a cinema. The restaurant offers dishes of Russian, Ukrainian and Caucasian cuisine, a bar. The cinema has a capacity of 300 people, and also equipped with air conditioning, a theater show and new Soviet cinema. In addition to the exhibition hall Soviet films were just a few theaters in New York and Chicago. The exhibition showed the anti-fascist films "Professor Mamlok" and "Alexander Nevsky".

On the ground floor of the pavilion gift shop, where they sold books, newspapers, records with a Russian and Soviet music, and various souvenirs with symbols of the exhibition and the pavilion.

At that, the main building of the Soviet exposure can be considered finished. Nearby is another building up the Soviet exhibition - Arctic Pavilion. Inside you can see the original equipment was used during the expedition Papanina a large model icebreaker "Stalin", and stands talks about all the stages of development of the difficult road articulation.
Was mounted on the ceiling illuminated maps show the routes of Arctic flights Gromov and Chkalov, a non-stop flight from Moscow to North America, the perfect Kokkinaki in April 1939, and the route drifting station Papanin. Front of the pavilion exhibited ANT-25 which flew from the Soviet Union to the United States, Valery Chkalov.

Extract color film of excellent quality, which shows the exterior and interior of the Soviet pavilion:

According to the press coverage of a show every day for about 20 thousand visitors visited the pavilion of the USSR. At the weekend the number reached 200 thousand. In total for the first year with an exhibition of the Soviet Union met about 16.5 million Americans and citizens of other countries.
But to repeat the success of the next year is not possible: the signing of the Molotov -Ribbentrop Pact , the partition of Poland and the subsequent attack on Finland led to tension in international relations, and the exclusion of the country from the League of Nations.
In response, the Soviet Union unilaterally terminated the contract show without explanation.
By its terms it was necessary 90 days to remove all the buildings with the provided site. To do this, the Soviet side was awarded a contract with Albert A. Volk Company, which began to dismantle the building with the possibility of assembly in the Soviet Union.
All exhibition materials accurately described , packaged and imprinted with Soviet representatives.

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