Dear experts, tell me please, where you can attribute the IP
Pohitonova?
Are there any experts on this particular artist and how to contact them?
Thank you.
kozhinart
30.09.2011 09:41
If I'm not mistaken it is Vladimir Petrov, an expert of the Ministry of Culture, he works or has worked in the keeper of the Tretyakov Gallery, and in izdatelsve White City was a book
Ivan Pavlovich Pokhitonov
Fake pictures
Fake pictures, as an imitation of painterly style and the plot works of the famous wizard to get rich, has always existed. According to experts, the amount of funds annually from the sale of counterfeit rescued in Russia, ranging from 8 to 50%of the total volume of transactions with paintings, valued at $ 200 - 700 million
Falsification of paintings of masters - for many business: manufacturers, dealers, customers, police and insurance agencies.
The problem of fakes, especially their production, really is acute in the second half of XX century. When there are new physical and chemical methods for determining authenticity. In 1965, it became clear that the portrait of Duke of Wellington at the London National Gallery, attributed to Goya - just fake. In 1976 - that is stored in the museum Corneille counterfeit Corot. During his career Corot wrote about 600 paintings, but only in the U.S. market is walking three thousand. In the Metropolitan Museum of 66 utensils eight-year-old, brought from the excavations in Turkey, only 18, really old. And this prestigious museums around the world. What to say about private collections!
In 1996, Eric was exposed manufacturer fakes Hebborn published a book "The Textbook forger" (The Art Forgers Handbook) - guide for the production of fakes. Hebborn himself for 40 years (1950-1996) bequeathed his contemporaries thousands of drawings, recognized by experts as a "previously unknown" works by Brueghel, Piranesi, Van Dyck. He carried them on paper recovered from old books of the era, primer and paint were manufactured from the same materials that used the real authors. Some of them bought the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, USA. Shortly after the book Hebborn (aged 61 years) was found with a fractured skull in a street in Rome. It is difficult to understand what is it that it's not easy making fakes or an honest story about the mysteries of the profession.
In the history of art Han Antonius van Meegeren (1889-1947) came in as the most brilliant forger. Author's largest painting forgeries of all time - "Christ at Emmaus" by Vermeer of Delft. At the beginning of the century, when the world went mad with another recently forgotten completely Vermeer, he began to create paintings in the spirit of the great Dutchman. Experts could not distinguish them from authentic paintings, museums bought them for a lot of money and displayed as the largest acquisition of the century. When the fraud revealed (a van Megheri worked as a "real" Peter de Hoch, and many other masters of the XVII century), the wrath of professional cloaca was terrible. As he has encroached on the holy of holies - the authenticity of art? But van Megheri indeed put before humanity a problem: how to deal with genius, if children can imitate them, while maintaining the spirit of genius? In search of answers in Rotterdam now opened an exhibition of the van shrew (until June 2, 1996). More than a hundred of his works (mostly drawings and watercolors) prove that he himself had an original gift. Only this character was very a nervous: in an atmosphere of general admiration for the old masters, he devoted his talents against the old myths, rather than creating new ones.
Today, one of the largest markets in the world of illicit trade in fake art is London. According to newspaper The Times, most of these "products" made in Russia, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. In addition, rotating among the global market of several thousand imitations are of American origin.
Specialist Tretyakov Gallery, has earned the title of best European experts, Vladimir Petrov believes that today in St. Petersburg there is a "school" of artists, forgers, graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts, which supply a fake. These artists use modern computer techniques, and using special paints are making aging.
High-quality fakes also come from abroad - from Germany, France, - where they are, in the opinion of Vladimir Petrov, paint our expats. Especially frequently counterfeited Beggrow, Gorbatov Pohitonova, Korovin. An even greater number of fakes in our time is associated with the avant-garde.
How to fake a picture
Читать дальше...
In forgery old pictures of her specially made more shabby. This process is complicated. It is important to pick up the old stretcher and canvas of colors. To obtain a clean canvas to create an antique copy the old canvas (little-known paintings) to high temperature, then they clean up the paint. One of the final operations - the product is placed in the oven, smoked and dried at a specific temperature. Surface of the picture is dark, covered spiderweb cracks, craquelure.
When forgery of paintings XVII. using specially prepared paints, phenol formaldehyde, and natural oils.
When forgery of paintings of XIX century. You can do without the mess. Here counterfeiters often use modern computer-based printing on canvas, and using special paints the French are making aging, as varnish gives a crack in a few days after application.
Han Antonius van Meegeren came up with a clever way. Meegeren was tormented by the question: how to ensure that the canvas and stretcher were true? Pretty easy to find a picture of the XVII century antiquarian, not of artistic value. Need to clear several layers of painting, without damaging the underpainting. This is a very complicated operation. When writing a picture can not use substances, which came into use later era of the great masters Vermeer. This can be established by chemical analysis. Van Meegeren himself learned to prepare paints, found a supplier of other rare materials. But the main problem was craquelure. It is on this and could expose the majority of fakes. Oil painting dries very slowly. For complete drying is required at least half a century. Later there cracelures - cracks in the picture, over time, they are multiplying. Meegeren was a brilliant idea to have purified the previous picture, write a new, carefully preserving every crack initial underpainting. In order to achieve proper curing of paints, after a long search the artist decided to address the latest advances in modern chemistry. By the end of 1934 he was able to invent such oil paints, which are in a special oven at 105 ° C, solidified after two hours so that they did not take the usual solvent.
Over the centuries, on the surface accumulates dust paintings, which eats into the smallest cracks painting. Van Meegeren is a brilliant solution. After a dry layer of varnish on the painting, he covers the whole canvas with a thin layer of Chinese ink. Ink will seep into the cracks filled with paint, then the artist can only wash away the Chinese ink and varnish with turpentine, and ink, penetrating into the cracks, and still gives the appearance of stubborn dust. Finally an artist covers painting another layer of varnish on top.
Another way of forgery - "promotion" a fictional biography of the artist with the exotic, which are attributed to their own works. This way in 70 years went to an Australian with a funny name fool Elizabeth, a graduate of art school. For several years she wrote hundreds of pictures on behalf of a non-existent artist native Eddie Burropa. Despite the name, Mrs. Fool clearly caught the spirit of the times - the fashion of "naive art" and every "ethnic". Forgery was revealed, when the artist was asked to produce Burropa - hired her native was an alcoholic and could not even take a straight line on paper.
Elizabeth escaped with symbolic punishment, because through it all over the world grew an interest in Aboriginal art and to Australia itself.
In the 60 years of fabricating fake enterprising Frenchman Fernand established Legros, a former ballet dancer. He worked for talented artists and Elmer Real Lessart de Horie, the first stamped the old masters, the second - contemporary celebrities. Legros has used an innovative technique: import pictures to America, he asked the Customs to certify their authenticity, and then sold them to wealthy collectors, with formal approval by the U.S. government. Another innovation was the "gentleman's agreement" with a number of artists who have signed up for a modest fee to its name forged blade. Legros got burned in 1967 when Marc Chagall found a fake one of his paintings exhibited in New York gallery. Having several years with confiscation of property, the ill-fated forger spent his life in poverty and died of throat cancer.
Who is more fake
Kasimir Malevich and other Russian avant-garde artists imitate so frequently that the West stopped taking their pictures on the auctions.
Half of the items issued in the market for paintings by Aivazovsky - it's fake, but they are so successful that they are still buying, but at lower prices. It is known that the artist himself alia, consists of six thousand works, whereas today formally recognized the true 60 000 of his paintings.
Icons. According to experts, the icons that were created before the twelfth century, - one, and they are all in museums. So do not believe any one collector, if he says that he has a smart collection of early icons.
It is also often counterfeited by Salvador Dali, Vincent van Gogh, Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Paul Cezanne, Franz Marc, Gustav Klimt and Paul Gauguin. The list is endless.
Legitimate market fakes
In San Sebastian opened the exhibition "150 legalized counterfeiting famous masterpieces." It displays works of famous painters, licensed painters made counterfeiters. The story of "legal fraud" goes back to 1984 when the Italian architect and collector Giuseppe Saltsano bought at auction a picture of Giorgio de Chirico, "The area of Italy," which turned out to be fake. Saltsano was so impressed with the skill of the artist-forger, that for a long time looking for it and found it. It proved to be a 75-year-old Antonio Mazziz, who told the collector that he has to fake web masters, because they do not know another way to earn a living. Saltsano organized the exhibition of fakes Mazziza. which was a huge success. Then the collector created a gallery of "Pitti Arte." which now operate 48 artists. The Ministry of Culture of Italy gives this work certificates. And buyers of these products are a guarantee that these paintings are "unique works, respecting the style and technique of the original and follows them." Among the clients of the gallery "Arte Pitti" were, in particular, Princess Diana, Frank Sinatra, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Antonio Banderas.
The exhibition at the San Sebastian exhibited a fake "Madonna" by Raphael, "Sunflowers" by Van Gogh, portraits of Velasquez, "Spring" by Botticelli, "Dancers" by Degas, "Boulevard Montparnasse," Pizarro and other paintings are from 1 to 30 thousand euros.
From the history of fakes
In 1506, Albrecht Dürer was tried with a certain Marco Antonio Raimondi, faked his 990 prints ...
Pope Clement VIII, wanting to do in the early 1520s a nice all-powerful Margrave of Mantua, Federico Gonzaga, he promised to present a picture of Raphael. But the part with the Holy Father was a masterpiece unbearably miserable. Then he commissioned the artist Andrea del Sarto copy of the canvas. Of course, having given her a script ...
The young Michelangelo, while he was still an unknown sculptor created a statue of Cupid, completely indistinguishable from the ancient Greek marbles. Thing was presented and sold real anticommuting Roman Cardinal Rafael Riario for fabulous by the time the money - 200 ducats ...
At the beginning of the XX century Italian artisans Riccardi family from Orvieto for a living fake Etruscan vases to Roman antique shops. Entering the flavor, Riccardi - two brothers and their five sons - decided to act more extensively and in 1908 sold to the British Museum Etruscan bronze chariot. Since 1913, they sold the New York Metropolitan Museum of Etruscan first clay statue of the warrior, then two more statues are the same - only 70 thousand dollars. In this work, helping the fraudsters sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti. Forty-three years a soldier decorated with the museum until they were found genuine Etruscan statues, not like the product Riccardi. But the Americans did not want to admit their mistake, while he Fioravanti in 1960, has not told all the reporters. As proof of his words, he presented a "souvenir" - a finger missing on the arm of one of the soldiers.
A very special forgery was committed in the late 70-ies of XX century when the great brawler, Salvador Dali became ill with Parkinson's disease and could no longer hold a brush, but the paintings and drawings with his signature continued to appear with an enviable rate. Their author was a young - Spanish artist Manuel Pujol Baladas, which attracted to this work Gala, Dali's faithful companion. For three years Pujol created nearly 400 watercolors, drawings, lithographs, two hundred canvases with oil. Only after the death of Daly, he admitted his participation in the work of a maestro. According to rumors, and other fashionable artists also actively use the services of talented young artists. But no Themis, nor public opinion has not yet decided whether in this situation say about the forgery.
The most curious picture of a fake may be considered "Sunflowers" by Vincent Van Gogh. The picture of the famous Dutch "Sunflowers" sold for nearly $ 40 million at auction at Christie proved to be a forgery of the examination of Italian art. In their conclusions the experts relied on correspondence with the Van Gogh Gauguin and other acquaintances. The fact is that during the period from 1888 to 1989, Van Gogh created several variants of this picture (at last count - 10). After careful study of letters, scientists have come to the conclusion that among the paintings of this option vangogovskih "Sunflowers" no.
Gauguin once wrote a few Van Gogh, that he really likes his "Sunflowers" and that he wanted to contemplate them in his studio. After some time he persuaded the master to give him time to one of the paintings ostensibly to enjoy the colors of the work. Soon after the picture was returned to the author. A year after the death of Van Gogh's "surfaced," another version of his "Sunflowers", before an unknown. At the moment the picture was at Claude-Emile Shaffenekera, a friend of Gauguin. If we consider that Shaffeneker, as it turned out later to sell fake paintings of the great artist, then an interesting situation emerges. Experts have suggested that they have researched the option "Sunflowers" made from an original Gauguin.
It is worth noting that in fact the owners of "Sunflowers," whoever does not belong to brush painting, virtually nothing is lost, since the works of Paul Gauguin are not much less ...
Frescoes in Schleswig
The world can boast an impressive painting of the history of forgery. There were such things at all times and in all countries. And one of the most amusing hoaxes befallen half a century ago in Germany.
Exposing the rigged trials, as we know, are not uncommon. And we should start any of them, the media must report on duty, although it was by no means a fresh sensation, "75 million fake masterpieces circulate in Europe, and according to forecasts, this number is increasing every year!"
That is because the heights reached forgers, and other adventurers hoaxer of art! But it is unlikely they would be able to rotate their scam is so easy, if behind them there was no good "teachers" who had prepared the ground for ...
Incendiary bombs dropped in Lubeck, carried out as written in the newspapers, a wonderful cleansing. Causing serious damage to St. Mary's Church, they at the same time showed to the world the beautiful frescoes, for centuries hidden under layers of paint! September 2, 1951 the West German audience cheered. Finally open to the public Marienkirche in Lübeck was destroyed during the Second World War.
Critics dated the paintings XIII century. And everyone who cherish national art, my heart bleeds at the sight of a priceless antique paintings, while the rest of the church without a roof, suffering from rain, wind, snow and other natural phenomena.
Due to lack of funding repairs had to be postponed until 1948. But when the money is found and the West German Association of Antiquities has the necessary amount, before it got no less important question: to whom to entrust the restoration? Discussion of candidates took a few months. But as soon as it was called the name of Dietrich Fey, the public expressed frank bewilderment. What! Herr Fey, of course, talented painter and famous, but then had not passed since the scandal connected with his name! Is it possible to keep off to the national heritage of a man who was suspected of theft of museum exhibits?
But the decision was not changed by the Association. Fairy theft, no matter how much of it not gossiped, remains unproven. So why in vain to shake the air, if a decent candidate still can not find it?
Dietrich Fairy are already familiar with the monuments of the XIII century. Back in 1930 he was with a friend Lothar Malskatom and his father, also an artist, restored the famous cathedral in Schleswig. What is worth only a beautiful frieze, recovered from the ruins of! Frieze, consisting of eight medallions, really was great. True, some associated with him is not very beautiful story, 20 years have passed already, of course, half-forgotten, but still ...
Then, in 1930, the fascist media have devoted a lot of shlezvigskomu Cathedral of newspaper strips and radioefirnogo time. You bet! Restorers managed to make a sensational discovery, overturning the history and cancels errors, the result of which was the underestimation of the Aryan race in world culture.
Critics who have studied the paintings in Schleswig, drew attention to the frieze of medallions: they were shown not only to traditional European painting foxes, and turkeys - birds, in popular opinion that emerged in Europe after the discovery of America!
The scandal was about to break out: the media have begun to appear hints of fraud, too brazenly, to go unpunished. However, Herr Fey Sr., honored and respected artist, has denied these insinuations, put forward a theory, it is very convenient for the Nazis. According to him, overseas the continent was discovered long before Columbus. And not someone else, and the forefathers of Germans, Vikings! Those being glorified sailors, it could reach America in the XIII century! (And suddenly, coming back and carrying a sufficient food supply, they brought to the European continent a few half-eaten on the road of Indian birds?) And this is the best proof of the superiority of the Aryan race over the other! .. So let the artist Olbers, restore Shlezvigsky Cathedral in 1888 m, as many claims that the medallions already in the XIX century, beyond repair, crumble at the slightest touch a brush! The old man just out of his mind!
The conflict then extinguished by itself. The world, busy with preparations for war, quickly switched to the more burning sensation. So 20 years later, Dietrich Fey, inviting in its constant companion aides Lothar Malskata, began the restoration of the Marienkirche.
With Malskatom also, however, was associated ambiguous situation. It was said that with the aim of enriching it forged and sold no less than 600 paintings - from Rembrandt to Chagall. And that Mr. Fay was helping him in this as much as ... And one day, they say, counterfeiters were caught by the hand ... But all these rumors Association of antiquities into account not accepted.
Curious cases
Sometimes it seems like the real connoisseurs and art lovers just the same, waiting to be deceived, an example of - business graphic artist and a renowned expert Valery Dudakov.
About 30 years ago, the master wrote an abstract composition a la Lyubov Popova. Not for greed and not written for the sake of a hoax, and elementary as a gift a friend. After five years he same Valeriy Dudakov brought for examination and assessment of "true Popov," he also made his own! Indignant to the soul, the author opened my eyes to the client on the real situation, he began to rebel, promising to pulverize the seller.
The expert, telling friends about what happened to him a joke, soon forgot about it and think. But the story does not end there. In April 1989, at Sotheby's was put up "arrangement" with a starting price of $ 22.5 thousand hearing it in their creation, Dudakov rushed to the auctioneers to call them the name of the author of this work. However, convincing arguments are not made to employees of Sotheby's is not the slightest impression. "Popov" was sold for $ 30K
Scandal in the world of art, which led to the arrest of New York gallery owners, erupted in May 2000, when auction houses Sotheby's and Christie published their spring catalogs offered for sale contemporary art. Surprisingly, both homes offer potential buyers the same picture - "The vase of flowers" by Paul Gauguin.
Each home was convinced that exposes the original, since all the supporting documents for these paintings for people who wanted to sell the work of Gauguin at auction was in order. Both pictures were taken immediately to Paris for examination to the best connoisseur of art by Gauguin Sylvia Krussar. She compared the two "Vase with Flowers" and then noted that the film offered at auction Christie's is a forgery.
But this is the best fake I've seen in my life - admitted Krussar saddened by the representatives of Christie, who quickly withdrew from the spring catalog printing and reported bad news to owners who turned out fake paintings. Tokyo Hosts Gallery Muse were shocked.
The irony at an auction in Tokyo. Saturday, 08/02/2003
The experts did not immediately know the famous painting by Van Gogh and appreciate her just $ 87. This work is the great master of the brush is known as "Head of a peasant woman. Left profile."
For a long time the picture was in a private collection of Japanese artist, and after his death, was offered for sale as a work by an unknown author. And just before the start of the auction showed that wrote it himself, Van Gogh. As a result, the painting was sold for half a million dollars, which exceeded the amount of the original estimate by more than six thousand times.
19.01.09 Lenta.Ru
Indian painter Syed Khader Raza (Sayed Haider Raza, SH Raza), opening his own exhibition in New Delhi, found among the pictures fakes. Owners Gallery Dhoomimal Art Gallery explained that these works were made available to them the nephew of the artist, and so they did not question their authenticity. Only two paintings from more than thirty have appeared on the exhibition belong to the gallery. About oddity reports BBC News.
Writer Ashok Vajpayee (Ashok Vajpayee), who accompanied the artist on the exhibition, told Indian newspaper Mail Today said that it appeared in the exhibition pictures do not look like paintings, Raza: "When doing a copy of the original, then save the style of the artist. But if you make something your own and issue for someone else, this is called "genuine fake".
86-year-old Raza upset occurred and wrote a letter in the Mail Today. "The last of which I'd like at my age, is to open an exhibition of their own fakes," - said in his message.
Times since 1950, lives in Paris, but it often happens in India, which established a special fund to support young artists. His paintings were exhibited around the world.
Counterfeiting as a model of demand
At the time of the cult of antiquity in Italy with a light hand Giorgio Vasari came a curious anecdote about the "Sleeping Cupid" by Michelangelo. One of the young patrons of Buonarroti had the idea that sculpture could be passed off as antique piece, if its surface is treated accordingly.
Giorgio Vasari, Michelangelo's sculpture of telling issued for an antique original, did not say whether engaged in "aging of" things himself a great master, or did some of his volunteers entrepreneurs. We only know that Baltasar del Milanese sold "Sleeping Cupid" Cardinal Rafael Riario of San Giorgio in Rome as "the antique masterpiece" for 200 ducats. Time and circumstances have placed everything in its place. Art lovers are familiar with the works of Michelangelo, opened the cardinal mystery of harlequin baby, and the indignant owner returned the "fake" a trader, not even thinking about the true value of the product of the great master. The same G. Vasari told about "antique" works Florentine Pietro Maria della Serbaldi Peshia nicknamed Talyakarne and his friend Mikiele Marcantonio, is responsible for selling fakes.
In ambiguous situations with a fake hit and other well-known sculptors who considered themselves experts in classical art of antiquity. Such naivete displayed sculptor Thorvaldsen. His own works in the tradition of imperial Rome adorn many museums around the world, but the reputation of Danish artist as a connoisseur and an expert has long been an example of narrow-mindedness. Thorvaldsen, as well as other recognized sculptor, Canova, based on the fact that everything created in ancient Rome, based on Greek originals - this is the highest examples of art. As a brilliant interpreter of ancient myths, Thorvaldsen and Canova simply not admit that their contemporaries, the mediocre artists who can do imitations of antiquity that expert opinion can not distinguish from genuine antiques. In the meantime, the Neapolitan sculptor Vincenzo Monti did so convincingly "antique" reliefs that Thorvaldsen confidently testify to their authenticity before Ingeyhaymom graph, and then to the collector Dodvellom, Earl of Schoenberg, a collector of antique sculpture Disney. Cold, academic, completeness valued at the time above all else. Monty works exactly express the views of the contemporaries of antiquity, and historians, archaeologists only, not depending on the tastes of the era and can relate the story of his incarnation, could destroy a legend around the name of fashion.
In 1826 in the Italian province of Perugia, was found relief with a lot of figures, which showed the antiques dealer Thorvaldsen and Canova. The object has been recognized as a true and enrolled in a private collection in England and then to the Museum Fitzwilliam in Cambridge. Merchant and experts believed that the relief shows a scene Trojan War, never before met in no monuments of ancient art: the composition of the five men, led by a warrior who angrily pointed out the muffled figure of a person moving away. It has been suggested that the artist has depicted a priest of Apollo Chryse, which tried to soften the hawkish leader of the Greek Agamemnon, but was expelled. Next to the leader - the Greek heroes of the Trojan War, Ajax with arms folded, the Odyssey with bow and shield, naked and Patroclus Achilles shown from the back. A detailed description of the figures and details revealed, however, a number of inconsistencies. Agamemnon at the plate armor and a cloak over his shoulder, appropriate attire of Roman generals. Greek warriors depicted in the helmet with lush plumes and straps on his chin, which appeared later. By Roman weaponry and oval panels treated with a characteristic pattern. Author unknown whims carved Agamemnon without a beard, which did not tally with the canon. In addition, together with the onions necessarily depicted and arrows, and shield necessarily accompanied by a sword and a spear. The alleged ancient relief no quiver, no sword or spear. A number of purely artistic techniques also testified about a later time job creation. Plane figures, the frame around the stage - all made relief-like pattern. Flat, inexpressive surface treatment of the figures most resembled the techniques of masters, who studied at the ancient samples.
Sculptor Monti, who has studied public good taste, borrowed from the works of pozdneatticheskih details, offering the public what it wanted to see. By counterfeiting workshop, many experts consider Monty and relief from the Hermitage - the "Three Parks", made thin, plastic, even noble. The study details of the figures - spinning the thread of life Clotho, Lachesis holding a celestial sphere, and Atropos, without the usual attributes - suggests that the author presented a typical scene on the ancient story. The folds of the cloth seats are located in the antique fashion, but given to them grace, smoothness, even elegance that has always attracted artists of classicism, but little consistent with the traditions of antiquity. And the author made a significant error: ribbons, strings, cords on their ancient masters painted reliefs of the paint, and Monty did Clotho spun out of stone.
Craft rigged sculpture flourished in the late nineteenth century. In 1873, the British Museum acquired a large terracotta Etruscan sarcophagus, which recognizes the true, most experts on the cultural history of the ancient world. Forgery was discovered only in 1936. Comparison with other objects of Etruscan funerary cult, kept in major museums around the world, revealed a complete mismatch of parts. The authors of the forgeries were brilliant Italian masters, the brothers Pietro and Enrico Penelli, filled the Italian market with clay "rarities".
The sarcophagus was purchased by the British Museum at a time when Enrico was Penelli restorer at the Louvre. Being a good relationship with the archaeologist Solomon Reynakom, restorer told him about the technology of production of terracotta and told about the sarcophagus with male and female figures, allegedly found in the land of the mysterious Etruscan Cerveteri monuments. All impressed by the reliefs with scenes on the walls of the burial of the sarcophagus, resembling the archaic art of the Etruscans. This sarcophagus - one of many "Etruscan" fakes. Extremely insufficient knowledge of the history of the mysterious people and a small amount of surviving originals allowed to flood the market with new antique fakes.
In 1920 the Metropolitan Museum in New York acquired the statues of Etruscan warriors, whose age was determined by experts in 2300 years. But 30 years later, they were recognized as fakes after the Italian Alfredo Fioravanti confessed that he along with his brothers Ricciardi had a whole studio for the production of "Etruscan antiquities." To create the figures of men used the drawings to the antique vase and photograph ... Etruscan sarcophagus in the British Museum. Wanting to repent for their old age, Fioravanti filed the staff of the Metropolitan Museum finger of baked clay, which is just not enough for the hand of one soldier.
Workshop Alcheo Dosse was on the outskirts of Rome, and idle curiosity aroused the neighbors, noting that none of the visitors never went into the room behind metal door. Chunks of marble, clay tailings, clay and alabaster forms, lots of drawings of hands, feet, folds of clothing, and countless masks made this place look like and theatrical production, and the porcelain factory and the glass shop.
In the center of the concrete floor was a pit filled with dark liquid. From time to time pulled out of this hole stationed there for days statues of gods and goddesses, athletes and bacchantes that the master after a careful study smashed with a hammer or chipping them arms, legs, hips and torsos.
Most often, Doss met with Roman antiquarians and Fazoli Palese, which not only missed the workshop, laboratory, and showed things that were in various stages of processing. It was they who were the main customers of the master, who had met them a simple mason working in the city of Cremona. Instead of headstones, which are strange figures manufactured the young apprentice, he was asked to make copies of ancient statues to a much larger fee than he was earning before. Dossenu attracted an ancient art, he tried to copy the reliefs of the Renaissance. It was his interest in antiquities, and forced to pay attention to Fazoli Dossenu.
The first statue, acquired by him from the amateur sculptor, for 200 pounds, earned income is ten times greater, so was the antiquarian book only copies of antique sculptures. That's when retailers had the idea to equip a workshop chemicals and devices, allowing to change the structure of marble surfaces, to give different shades of stone that looked particularly convincing in the mechanical and fracture faces demolition that have been made here in the studio. Doss was trying to sell their products, but to no avail. Had become a forger. Mastery of stone carving techniques and developed a fantasy sculptor allowed to apply different styles to create totally dissimilar things. The ability to age the stone to change its structure has misled many consumers by bringing dealers, antique dealers decent incomes. Doss forged Etruscan monuments, statues, Gothic Madonnas in the style of Giovanni Pisano and sarcophagi by Mino da Fiesole.
Antique dealers have launched a storm of activity for the production of false certificates to caught up in the hands of their products. They offered a fake private collections and museums, collectors and auction houses the U.S.. Thus, at the Metropolitan Museum appeared beautiful and mysterious statue of Kore «VI century BC. e.. " City Museum in September? Lou bought from traders' Etruscan Diana, "and experts from the Museum of Cleveland got after a long bargaining," archaic "Athena. Absolutely no sense was the work of a specialist in ancient art Studnitska F., who, after acquiring the Museum of Vienna gable group strongly damaged, recreated the "ancient song" broken-off pieces and parts of which still clutter a corner shop Doss.
Forging product Verrocchio, Mino da Fiesole, Rossellini, the forger went to one of the most fantastic adventures, creating a sculpture of a painting by Simone Martini. Doss transformed planar images of the Madonna paintings and wooden statues of angels, which antique dealers with a profit selling on the black market as stolen from an old private collection.
Perhaps the most advantageous to the antique sarcophagus was fake Catherine Sabello "of the Florentine masters of the fifteenth century Mino da Fiesole." U.S. buyers to pay for his $ 100 000 and antiques dealers have made an order for some of the early Renaissance sculpture.
Of his considerable income traders were isolated artist modest amount. When in 1927 his wife died, Doss did not even have money for the funeral. He rushed to their customers asking for help, but they refused. Then he never give their work for the originals and do not make false documents, he decided to take revenge. He announced to reporters about his true profession, and newspapers in Italy and across Europe picked up the sensation. Dossenu declared a "genius of forgeries." Available to the public became his stories about how he created the "old masterpieces." Many collectors and museum experts have been the subject of ridicule and derision. Hans Kyrle was shot in the studio Dosse film in which the day-to-day Italian sculptor created his latest archaic statue.
In 1929, the gallery Koroni in Naples, organized an exhibition Doss, which is then exhibited in Berlin, Munich, Cologne. It is an exhibition of works by one author argued that the real master craftsman can feel beautiful and convey the simplicity of the Athenian classics, mystery of Etruscan terra-cotta, religious ecstasy church sculpture of the early Renaissance, finally, the stiffness and the heat of the XX century sculpture. He masterfully forged traits era technique, individual style of the artist, but, unfortunately, all created things were secondary.
Alcheo Doss died in 1936 at the sixtieth year of life, when all of it is already forgotten, because the short-lived sensation, and his own name as a sculptor, forger and not created.
Source:
Artem
30.09.2011 18:22
Цитата:
Сообщение от cyber2002; 1789783"
where you can attribute the IP Pohitonova? Are there any experts on this particular artist and how to contact them? Thank you.
If I'm not mistaken it is Vladimir Petrov, an expert of the Ministry of Culture of Russia,
Цитата:
Сообщение от kozhinart; 1790003"
Specialist Tretyakov Gallery, has earned the title of best European experts, Vladimir Petrov
It's like - "Russian Roulette". Recommended reading ...
Цитата:
Сообщение от Artem; 1786863"
- This is a scandalous revelations of art after Petrov, who said if his colleagues at the Tretyakov Gallery put on stream issuing false attributions
- That's it - Vladimir Aleksandrovich, who confessed that he often "mistaken." Wow expert! After his revelation, our art market was nearly given his soul to God. Blow to the antique trade, he paid a terrible.
... ... ..
Цитата:
Сообщение от Artem; 1512211"
see here-www.russianartmedia.com video RussianArt.TV film "Errors or fraud."
Renowned expert TG Petrov, an expert debunks the mafia. Pay attention to the text by the author at the beginning of a film about the expert Petrov
... ... ...
Цитата:
Сообщение от Artem; 1517161"
aspect of my interests - is to eliminate the possibility of running into an incompetent, inadequate or simply an expert, such as the chief judge of the film by Boris Sobolev, "Art on Tap," Believe me, unfortunately, had a bitter experience. When he spoke to people, you are so lucky - a rare picture of a museum value.
Кирилл Сызранский
30.09.2011 19:06
Artem, VA Petrov, a really good judge.
And the story with these fakes, turning inside out - not his malice, I'm sure.
Евгений
30.09.2011 19:10
Цитата:
Сообщение от Cyril Syzran
(Сообщение 1790563)
V.
Petrov is really very good judge.
One of the best in Russia ..
Artem
30.09.2011 19:56
Цитата:
Сообщение от Cyril Syzran
(Сообщение 1790563)
Artem, VA Petrov, a really good judge.
Maybe so.
-------------------------
Risk - a noble cause.
Кирилл Сызранский
30.09.2011 20:09
Цитата:
Сообщение от Artem; 1790593"
Risk - a noble cause.
There are two different approaches :
1. Trust the expert opinion of VA Petrov, buying paintings - is one thing;
2. But the very owner of the picture for attribution to obraschatsya VA Petrov, an expert - is quite another .
In the second case, what risk ?
You can also have other experts to turn to.
Artem
30.09.2011 20:39
Цитата:
Сообщение от Cyril Syzran ; 1790613"
There are two different approaches :
1. Trust the expert opinion of VA Petrov, buying paintings - is one thing;
2. But the very owner of the picture for attribution to obraschatsya VA Petrov, an expert - is quite another .
Totally agree with you.
Цитата:
Сообщение от Cyril Syzran ; 1790613 "
You also have to turn to other experts , as if to double-check .
What I did, including working Pohitonova . I do not want to remember ...
Кирилл Сызранский
30.09.2011 20:45
Artem, see Forum Topics.
Here, participants often show N /x, and come up with a possible authorship.
Here comes the owner of such ostensibly, for example, Serov, Repin and to VA Petrov, and show their "treasure."
Then, perhaps, too, say bude
Цитата:
Сообщение от Artem
(Сообщение 1790633)
I do not want to remember ...
??
:rolleyes:>
Artem
30.09.2011 20:53
Цитата:
Сообщение от Cyril Syzran ; 1790643"
Then , perhaps , too, bude to say
Dear Cyril
Цитата:
Сообщение от Artem; 1517161"
Believe me, unfortunately , had a bitter experience . When he spoke to people , you are so lucky - a rare picture of a museum value . And then the picture pops up in the directory fakes