VATICAN MUSEUMS AND ITS

I recently had occasion to visit the Vatican. I was amazed by the grandeur of St. Peter's. There is nothing bigger in my life I have ever seen. The Vatican Museums have made me even more impressed than the Louvre's collection and home The Hermitage.
criticizing the Russian Orthodox Church and its patriarch, many, perhaps, forget that the Roman Catholic Church is no better. Scandals and here it is not uncommon. There have been cases and pedophilia, homosexuality, financial fraud, shocking statements ...
Why is the Christian church still exist?


Visit the Vatican forced to recall a book by Alexander Paradisisa 'life and work of Balthasar Coss "- Pope John XXIII.
In the history of the Catholic Church has many dark pages. For example, in 1410 he was elected pope a famous thief and pirate Balthazar Cossa, who took the name John XXIII. Five years later he was dismissed. After 550 years this is the name of John XXIII was elected Pope took in 1958, Cardinal Roncalli, and Baltazar Cossa was removed from the official list of popes and named "antipope".

- Vatican City State enclave in the capital of Italy in Rome. This is the smallest country in the world with a population of 836 people on 44 acres.
state received its name from the name of the hill Mons Vaticanus - «a place of divination."
In antiquity, the territory of the Vatican has not been settled, as this place was considered sacred.
After the arrival of Christianity in 326 AD over the alleged tomb of St. Peter's Basilica of Constantine was erected, and since then the place became populated.
The first buildings on the Vatican hill emerged in the V century. In 1377, after the return of the popes of the "Avignon Captivity", the Vatican papal residence becomes permanent.

As a state, the Vatican was formed in mid-VIII century. Papal States was seized a significant part of the Apennine peninsula.
From 756 to 1870 years, Rome was the capital of the so-called Papal States, a theocratic state in central Italy, headed by the pope.
Napoleon took from the Pope the Papal States. But after the death of Napoleon, Papal States were returned to the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1870, the troops broke through the ring of Pope garibaldiytsev defense and liberated Rome from the power of the popes, the Vatican State was eliminated by the Italian kingdom.

Despite the propaganda statement by the Vatican on the independence of church and those in power, it is, with rare exceptions, has always occupied a subordinate position in society. From V to X century the church served as a pillar of royal authority, receiving a reward for their services, land and serfs. In the VIII century, the Frankish king Pepin the Short of the Pope granted him the conquered territory of Italy, and thereby contributed to the emergence of a theocratic state in the form of so-called Papal States. In the year 756 the Pope became the owners of not only spiritual but also temporal power. They began to fight wars, fought with the uprisings of the peasants.

February 11, 1929 on the basis of concluded between Pope Pius XI and Mussolini's Lateran government agreements, the Vatican had returned to the territory and the status of the state.

Now the Vatican over its territory and has called the "state" in which, as in the olden days, there are rulers, army, court, jail, the palace guard. This is absolutely a theocratic monarchy. The order in the Vatican for centuries supported the papal guard, consisting of a hired Swiss Guards in 1506.

The Vatican has its own telephone system, railway station, observatory, e-mail with their names, their own banking system, minted its own coins. His radio station, one of the most powerful in the world, broadcasts in 47 languages. There is a web portal and its own TV. Army of the Vatican is more than a hundred Swiss Guards.

Vatican sources of income - first of all donations to the Catholics all over the world. In 2003, profit was 252 million dollars, the cost - 264 million. Tourism brings a large income, gifts, fees for visiting museums.
In the Vatican there are such well-known masterpieces of culture as St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican Museums, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Library.

Pope (Roman Pontiff), and the sovereign monarch of the Holy See as the successor of St. Peter (the first bishop of Rome) - the visible head of the Catholic Church and its supreme hierarch, the sovereign of Vatican City State.
In the first centuries of Christianity, the name of the father to apply to all Christian priests, but since the VII century the Pope was given the title of Bishop of Rome only.

The power of the pope in the Church - the highest and complete legal authority over the whole Catholic Church independent of any human power, and was spreading not only in matters of faith and morals, but on the whole management of the Church.
Pope carries the supreme legislative authority in the Church: he has the right to make laws binding the whole Church and for its part, to interpret them, modify or cancel their action.
Pope is endowed with the highest judicial authority in the Church, any judicial case can be made to him as the first instance.

Roman Church autocratic and tolerates neither democracy nor aristocracy. Without the Pope is not even an ecumenical council. In the case of death of the pope during the Council, its meetings are suspended until a new bishop of Rome.

Pope, by definition, can not be wrong. At a meeting of the Ecumenical Vatican Council in Rome on July 18, 1870 was accepted dogma, according to which "Dad, when he speaks from the pulpit, that is, their duties in the administration of the pastor and teacher of all Christians, has the infallibility which the divine Redeemer has given his church. "

In theory, the pope could be elected to any unmarried man, a Catholic, if necessary, immediately after taking the throne he should be ordained as priests and bishops. In practice the last few centuries, the popes became the only cardinal-priests.
Pope is elected for life at a meeting of the Cardinals (Conclave) after the death of his predecessor (or renunciation, which is rare). Immediately after the election in the conclave, the new pope chooses a name and corresponding number under which he will rule, although it is not necessary to do.

Among the popes John missing the twentieth, but there were John XXI John XXII, and John XXIII.
One of the most popular popes was Rodrigo Borgia, in 1492, was elected pope under the name of Alexander VI. From the relations with several women Borgia Pope clamp ten children. The scandals that accompanied his stay in the Vatican, undermined the authority of the papacy and the Reformation produced.

Pope John XIII died from what was in connection with a beautiful Roman women. Her husband found out about it, so waylaid and beaten by my father that he died a week later, "not having time to take the sacrament."
about Pope John XIII wrote that it was a boy, spoiled to the bone. "It's the devil! - Told the ambassadors, sent by the Romans to the emperor with a complaint about a young father. - It defiles the sanctuary, he incontinent for him there is no justice. It is surrounded by women, for whom the possession goes to sacrilege and murder. He is a rapist and incestuous. All honest Romans - girls, married women and widows - are fleeing from Rome, not to become victims. Lutheran Palace, the last untouchable sanctuary, turned it into a brothel. "

Pope Boniface VII was called "a horrible and evil monster", "a famous bandit, murderer of two dads." The Romans, who hated Boniface VII for his insatiable greed, the day of the funeral fell on his body, kicking his feet, stabbed with knives, dragged along the ground to the Capitol and the monument to Marcus Aurelius torn to pieces.

Cardinal bars, break all the archives of the Vatican while writing his multi-volume "Church records from the birth of Christ until 1198," said: "Countless disasters that have caused the people of monstrous beasts, sitting on the holy throne, covered his eternal a disgrace. "

Pope Stephen VI immediately after his election to the throne, called the Supreme Court of the church to judge of the dead Pope Formosa. Stephen VI ordered the corpse of his predecessor, dig the grave and bring him to the palace. Offensive body was taken to the new pope, papal vestments covered, and condemned.
Residents of Rome, the tyranny of the angry father Stephen VI, rebelled, seized the Pope, was thrown into prison and strangled him one night there.

Pope Leo V briefly stayed on the throne, only about a month, and was killed in prison by Christopher, a prominent churchmen, who took his place and called the Pope by Christopher I.
But he ruled for less than a year because of his hiding place, from Tuscany, Serge went back and arrested Christopher dad, locked him in jail and took the name Pope Sergius III. His mistress, Marotsiya not inferior to his mother - the brilliant Theodore - either in beauty or in skill. Both are in fact ruled by a Christian church after the death of Sergius III, landing on the "throne of St. Peter," their lovers.

expert on the history of the Catholic Church Eymar writes: "Pope Adrian II was married and had a daughter.
Next Pope John VIII was murdered by his relatives, who had penetrated into the palace, trying to seize the treasures stored there.

When was the law of celibacy, clergy became lovers start. They were taken to his home beautiful girls, if they are the relatives, housekeeper, maid. Priests are not considered a sin, even prostitution. The content acknowledged mistresses particularly chic. While cathedrals were issued decrees prohibiting adultery, clergy adroitly avoided them, often with the help of the bishop, which was enough to give the appropriate amount, and it all turned a blind eye. The Catholic bishops of time so accustomed to getting this "bribe" that began to demand money not only from those contained mistresses, but also from those who did not intend to start.
The bishops also received money from the women who were temporarily absent husbands, and they struck up a lover. It is not considered a sin, if they make a small amount of his bishop.

Pope Benedict XII, accused priests in that they have with their lovers turned God's temple, the place where the good should prevail and virtue, in the dens of sensuality.

«Anyone who is lazy, who horrifies even the thought of work - writes an eminent theologian of the era Klemanzhi - someone who wants to enjoy and have fun without the interference becomes a priest. And then he and his colleagues began to worship Christ, not, as Epicurus, spending time in taverns, playing billiards and dice. These priests hog it out there and, mad with wine, instigate fights, swearing, filthy language, with their blasphemous speeches against the flies and the creator of the saints. And then they spend the night in the arms of their mistresses, and from them immediately dispatched to the church to lead the service. "

«This is a predatory wolves in sheep's clothing ryadya. Like a voracious Baal, they absorb the offerings of the faithful, and get drunk and opivshis wine, they go into all kinds of debauchery, to extinguish the flame of lust, burning their insides. "

French chronicler Raoul Glaber wrote: "The clergy of all ranks of publicly traded ecclesiastical fasts."
Pope Benedict XII attracted a very beautiful sister of the poet Petrarch eighteen. He offered to give him his sister, and in return promised to make the poet's cardinal. Disclaimer Petrarch did not save his sister. Home by his brother, tempted by the proposal dad gave him a girl.

In the monasteries there were many women who previously were professional prostitutes. Some of them went to the monastery because they could not get out of debt, some are just wishes. Abandon his former life was hard, and they continued to lead her in a convent.
«There is no difference between a girl in a nun's habit and a prostitute who finds work selling their bodies."

Among the clergy were such that his cruelty surpassed the worst criminals, such as Don Nicholas Pelegardi den. This priest Figarolo the day of his elevation to the rank, August 12, 1495, committed the murder and was forced into hiding. When he went to Rome, confessed it, he received absolution. But soon after that he killed four people, married two women at once, and traveled with them in the cities of Italy. As a priest, he at the same time led a gang of bandits. Dressed in military uniforms, they robbed, murdered, kidnapped and raped women.

Pirate and murderer was in his youth, and Balthazar Cossa - Pope John XXIII. After five years of the holy throne, he was removed from power and condemned. In the charge made against Koss said verbatim: "Many of the girls he deprived of innocence, and some are weaker, even died ...»

In May 1415 Baltazar Kosse was formally charged with murder of Pope Innocent VII. During the trial of Balthazar Kossoy (Pope John XXIII) in the cathedral of Constance, were read out paragraph 54 charges, including:
- was selling church positions and Sanov
- the same position of selling more than one person
- sleeping with the wife of his brother
- committed adultery with her daughter and granddaughter
- both had lovers, mother and daughter
- corrupted hundreds of girls
- debauchery with persons of the same sex .
charge ended with the words: "He is - the embodiment of the devil!"

Langfang historian writes: "The number of heinous crimes committed by the head of the church, which has chosen the conclave is so great that it's hard to believe in the possibility of making them one man."
So it seems logical that the Roman Catholic Church named Balthazar Cossu "antipope".

In the history of the Catholic Church had a lot of so-called "antipope" - people "incorrectly selected" or illegally occupied the "throne of St. Peter." Although the teachings of the Catholic Church, each candidate for pope is predetermined by God.
The legend of Pope, a woman who rules the church under the name of John YIII.

Dante Alighieri in the "Divine Comedy" mercilessly criticizes corrupt cardinals of his time. Dante also wrote the book "Monarchy," which was immediately entered the Holy See to the list of banned literature.

To keep the power the Catholic Church has fought fiercely against dissent and heresy.
At the beginning of the thirteenth century, first in Italy and France and then in some states, Spain and Germany, there was the Holy Inquisition. It was led by the Pope himself.
In the first year of the appearance of the Holy Inquisition in Spain, about 1,000 people were burned at the stake, beheaded on a scaffold with a sword or ax. And 7,000 people "recognized" his guilt and asked for pardon from the church.
Only in 1482 in Spain, 17,000 people have signed a "confession". They chose this humiliation because they wanted to live, wanted to get rid of the incredible torture prior to trial.

Father Thomas, August 2, 1483 accepted the post of Grand Inquisitor, for eighteen years in office in one country only sent to the light of ten thousand men, roasting them at the stake.

famous Bohemian Jan Hus master of theology in his sermons passionately denounced the abuses and moral decay of the greedy Catholic clergy. In Prague, he led the service to understand the people of the Czech language. Gus stood strict morality, smooth and good character. But it has been discussed as a heretic and burned at the stake.

February 9, 1600 inquisitorial tribunal accepted his sentence of Giordano Bruno "unrepentant, stubborn and inflexible as a heretic." Bruno was stripped of priestly dignity and excommunicated. He was transferred to the court the governor of Rome, charging expose "the most merciful punishment, and without shedding of blood", which meant that claim to burn alive.

In 2000, Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Bruno called the penalty" sad episode ", but, nevertheless, pointed to the faithful action of inquisitors. The Pope refused to consider the rehabilitation of Giordano Bruno, thinking of the Inquisition justified.

condemned by the Inquisition was the famous scientist Galileo Galilei. Only in 1992 a special commission established by Pope John Paul II, rehabilitated Galileo and his trial has recognized "a tragic mistake."

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