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Natalia Narochnitskaya: "Stalin CHANGED SCHEDULE OF WAR»
Natalia Narochnitskaya.
Since that day has passed 70 years, but until now there is debate about its true causes. But in recent years, the meaning of war, which for our country, of course, was the Great Patriotic War, subject to revision. On this subject we are talking with the president of the historical perspective, a member of the Commission to confront attempts to falsify the history to the detriment of the interests of Russia, Doctor of Historical Sciences Natalya Narochnitskaya.
Poland - an innocent victim?
- Natalia, it is assumed that the Second World War began with Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 ...
- Yes, and after that, September 3, Britain declared war on Hitler, which is a credit to Britain - it is the only Western powers had fought Hitler from that moment. However, it is time to raise publicly the issue of periodization of the history of the Second World War. Is this time war is not raging in the world, except in Europe did not go full speed large-scale redistribution of boundaries through ultimatums and force? This is a war, just Britain and the United States it has not yet participated. It turns out, all grabs, against which the "great" do not protest, do not count? Why does no one remembers the shameful Munich Agreement in the autumn of 1938, which allowed Hitler to dismember and seize Czechoslovakia? Italy has seized Albania. In Abyssinia (now Ethiopia. - Ed.), Which the Italians had great views, they used chemical weapons, and 200 thousand inhabitants of Abyssinia were killed in the hellish torments. At that point, as Chamberlain and Daladier allowed Hitler to devour Czechoslovakia, the Far East, the Japanese invaded the city of Nanjing in the east
Nike China and slaughtered there every tenth inhabitant. By the way, the loss of China during World War II amounted to 35 million people. But for some reason, Western historians do not count the losses in the Chinese total losses of the war, as if the Chinese are not people.
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- Yet why Poland looks like a victim of the war and, in particular, of collusion between Hitler and Stalin?
- Poland draws a totally innocent victim. Like, if not the Molotov - Ribbentrop, Hitler would not have gone to Poland. But there are documents showing that the March 1, 1939 (almost six months before the conclusion of the pact. - Ed.) Was determined date of the attack on Poland. And you know what the Poles, all these six months doing? Polish Foreign Minister Jozef Beck, Russophobe, negotiated with Hitler to become his ally, offering their services in the conquest of Ukraine, Poland to spread from sea to sea. What a dope to be in my head, to think that Hitler would make war only for the sake of Danzig became Gdansk? By the way, Gdansk, he became due to our army and Victory. As Silesia became part of Poland by the Soviet Union and against the wishes of the United States. Many people think that Silesia has always been Polish, but it is 400 years old was considered a part of Prussia. As a result of the Second World War, we gave the Poles a third of their current territory. So could behave a little more restrained and not vilify us. W
and communism, which we awarded them, and does nothing to reproach - how many Poles took part in our revolution, and even in the Civil War on the side of the Bolsheviks - the whole division! Not to mention the fact that the reward that was in themselves and that is considered the best in the world.
We did not fight for communism, and for their country
-now they say that it was a war between two totalitarian regimes - Nazism and Stalinism. In this battle Stalin managed to win.
- Even during the Cold War in the West, no one identified Stalin and Hitler, especially communism and fascism. In Western politics, they were regarded as opposites. In the mid-70 changed the West's strategy in regard to our country, and has deliberately misrepresented the Second World War. They began to say that the main crime - Hitler did not claim the territory and peoples, and even racial doctrine, and the lack of American democracy, and since we also had no Western-style democracy, we are the same disgusting. But what is common between communism and Nazism? Communism aimed to bestow benefits the whole world, to achieve universal equality. And Hitler's racial doctrine talked about natural neravnorodnosti people and nations. And the purpose of it - the whole world to put at the feet of one of the nation and turn it into a race of lords. Absolutely opposite ideas. And suddenly the focus changed and it turns out that the war was waged for American democracy, which have fought two equally odious totalitarian monster. Think what perfidy.
My mother, a partisan, 21-year-old teacher, being in the occupied territory in the first months of war, fought for the Fatherland, who fought for my grandfather, her father, a full knight of St. George, an ensign of the Russian army during WWI. Therefore incorrect to say that we fought for communism. When an external enemy tramples on your land, wants to turn you into a slave, to argue about how bad or good state, is inappropriate. The trouble happened not with the state as a political institution, and with the Fatherland.
If it were not for Covenant
- But back to the beginning of the Second World War ...
- Britain, France terribly afraid of Hitler's expansion to the west. They realize the scale of Hitler's appetite and wanted to refocus them on the east. And this they do at first. Munich Agreement of 1938, signed by Chamberlain and Daladier, Hitler and Mussolini, the partition of Czechoslovakia - it is a shame for the West. Further, he has rapidly developed a success, and the Western powers wanted to appease him only through the east. And just before the signing of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Britons were secret negotiations with Hitler and Goering had to fly to London to sign a separate treaty with Germany. The diplomatic struggle of the last pre-war years was built around the question: to whom the first attack Hitler? And the fact that war is inevitable and will go on both fronts, it was obvious to everyone. Everything breathed war. And we, trying unsuccessfully to reach a comprehensive agreement with the West against Hitler, realizing that we were cheated in the last minute beat the West in this game! Even former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger admits that "the measure of Stalin's achievements can be considered rescheduling of the war and the priorities of Hitler. Kissinger even believed that "the skill with which it was done, might well have been borrowed from the textbooks on the diplomatic skills of the XVIII century.
- If it had not signed the Molotov - Ribbentrop pact, as if events developed further?
- Hitler would attack us first, and we were absolutely not ready for war. By this time it was already known - and I quote the report of the Roosevelt - that, if there is a war between Hitler and the USSR, America would not intervene until the "do not start changing the structural order. That is, until someone starts to win so that it will not stop. Britain, of course, would not have allowed Hitler to become a "master of Eurasia. But she would have waited until the Germans were pushed back to us in the tundra, would beat him to the Black Sea straits, and pushing us from the Black Sea. U.S. would have landed in the Far East, so as not to let go to Japan, all of this, of course, would be pinned as a result of Hitler. But we would never return to our historical frontiers. Entire European part, the whole Ukraine and Belarus, we would have divorced. What would happen is what happened in the 91-th year, only with the full destruction of the state. And it would be the end of our history.
With regard to the territories in which, following the Molotov - Ribbentrop entered our troops, then let's see what the Western Ukraine, which Warsaw called "Eastern Poland".
This territory Russia Empire occupied Poland Jozef Pilsudski during the Civil War. In a piece of Bukovina, which until the First World War was not Russia. Why partition of Ukraine and Belarus Pilsudski is not considered a crime? And the return of these territories in the historic borders of Russia's state, though the communist regime, branded as a crime? Incidentally, during the pact, and after the occupation of our troops in Western Ukraine and Belarus, Warsaw torn away during the Civil War, no one in the West did not consider it to be something quite unusual.
- Britain first announced Hitler war. Why we had from the outset not united in the fight against fascism?
- Britain - is a major strategic force, which at that time was the architect of policies, projects, diplomatic intrigues. Hitler conquered Denmark, Belgium - strategic approaches to Britain - it has to fight.
What was a Europe after World War I? Hastily tailored templates for the British territory with a huge number of states that did not previously exist on the world map. Postwar Versailles Conference in 1919 prepared the Anglo-Saxons - British Prime Minister Lloyd George and the American President Woodrow Wilson, more precisely, his enigmatic assistant, Colonel House.
Britain wanted to turn to Hitler on the east, to protect themselves in the west. Not to mention its age-old desire to deprive us of the Baltic coast. If we trace the British attitude to the acquisition of Peter the Great, now they should rejoice: finally entered the Baltic states into the orbit of the West. And this is the main negative and very serious for us to change in Europe. They would even take the Kaliningrad region - it is their dream. The fact that NATO entered Poland and Romania, to be honest, no irrelevant. But the Baltic states - a strategic region. When Peter first came to the Baltic, Russia became a great power. After that, without us already, no gun in Europe did not shoot. And the dream of Britain with the time of Peter was one - take us with these positions. Therefore the West has so rejoiced when the Soviet Union collapsed. Finally hated Russia collapsed empire. For the price paid by Gorbachev for totalitarianism - 300-year history of Russia.
Secret trophy archives
- The peace treaty between Russia and Japan have not yet been signed. As he needed Russia today?
- Lack of a peace treaty with Japan - is a pretext for raising of territorial claims against our country. Stories are cases where a return to normal relations along without a peace treaty. So, never was and never will be a peace treaty with Germany! Act's full and unconditional surrender of Germany, deprived of sovereignty. State of war with her was terminated by unilateral acts of the belligerent powers - the U.S. Congress decision, the decision of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and so on. A peace treaty with Germany did not succeed because of the cold war. But does the absence of a peace treaty with Germany, prevents our excellent relations and cooperation?
As for Japan, she is in the San Francisco Treaty in 1951 signed the following article: "Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Kuril Islands ..."
Next: the principle of full and unconditional surrender of the former State ceased to exist. A new Japan - a new subject of international relations.
- Soon after the Second World War, the victorious countries have decided to close access to the captured archives of Nazi Germany for 60 years. Recently, this ban was extended for another few decades. Why fear the country's winning?
- Trophy archives may shed light on the relationship between Nazi Germany and other countries. It is possible that there are materials that would deprive many of the accepted grounds for cliché and labels. Well, for example, there may be material on the secret negotiations between Hitler, the United States and Britain. Yes, anything! And suddenly they show that for all the finger in the pie. Not by accident is unanimity among rivals - the United States and our country - that should be postponed.
But the fight against falsification of history should be no taboos, and documents. One of the goals of the Commission on Anti-counterfeiting - to stimulate research, declassification and publication of documents that no longer will replicate "fried" facts and myths. Here our Foundation is preparing a historical perspective to the September collection of articles and documents on World War II. Western politicians are in full view! Will be published documents from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and something from the archives of the Foreign Intelligence.
Returns whether Russia Empire of its former borders?
- From the standpoint of historical science, one can imagine that Russia would return Russia to the borders of the empire?
- Very difficult to read the cards ... Muscovy is located in the zone of risky agriculture. This is not fertile soil, and loam, where off-road four months a year where the snow lies for six months, where in the impenetrable forests and swamps howling wolves ... In these forests and swamps even the Tartars could not stop. They conquered the steppe part of the Russian lands especially one that is now Ukraine, and the Muscovy just raided.
- Due to the inconvenient geopolitical location, we had to expand. Aj on 22 thousand square kilometers have increased - from the Bug River to the Pacific Ocean ..
- Yes, but it is the only nation that has expanded its borders to the north and east, mostly on empty land, although there were gains. We only built the industry and big cities in those latitudes, where no one except us has not done. Russian people humbly plowed land, where the freezing depth of 2 meters. We had faith in themselves and their future. The people were full of historical energy. Be fruitful and multiply, without thinking about whether there is hot water in the toilet. For historical energy in us again revived, we must become not just population, as a nation. With common historical experiences, with the general concepts of good and evil. Modern attitude to life as a source of pleasure does not give such a pulse.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many republics, who left the territories, which they never would have happened if these ethnic groups themselves were strangers in history, however imagined that would become richer. Russia is still richer than all, and the dynamics of historical processes are large. At the same Ukraine incomparably lower than the potential, although it is a rich country with the military-industrial complex. But the global crisis could crush her completely. And Russia will still remain potential.
- According to estimates by Western sociologists, by the middle of this century, Russia's nation is reduced by a quarter ...
- It's terrible figures. The main cause of falling fertility rates - the psychological and social. Many children no longer worth even in normal families. I am so sorry that I have only one son ... We are vitally necessary to increase the birth rate, otherwise we will not be able to hold our country, even in its current borders.
One more question
Poles dreamed of reaching Moscow
- Natalia, why we remember so little about the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Red Army soldiers in the Polish prisoner of war in the 20's?
- This is totally unfair when they gave us all the time poked Katyn, about which, incidentally, apologized Yeltsin. Not to mention the fact that the issue of Katyn has not been fully investigated. Certainly, there have been crimes of the NKVD, but also the Nazi crimes also left its mark. But the fact that in the 20 th year in the territory occupied by Pilsudski, caught up in about 100 thousand Red Army soldiers, for some reason Poland is not counted. And these prisoners were simply starve - they specifically were not fed, watched them die ...
- In fact it was the prototype of a Nazi concentration camp?
- Yes, yes. The Poles do not want this to remember, and that we keep demanding an apology. Yes apologize for the invasion of Moscow in 1612, for the burning of the Metropolitan Hermogenes, for participating in and inciting sedition. And what you did at the Ukrainian and Belarusian lands after the First World War? Incidentally, distinguished ancestors of the radical nationalists in Ukraine. During the Great Patriotic War, the SS amazed atrocities Uniates - the very Banderites that now glorifies Yushchenko. Perhaps the Nazis and wanted to have disappeared from the face of the earth all the Jews and Communists, but in the occupied territories have always preferred to do it by proxy. A Uniates simply enjoyed by committing atrocities, cutting out the stars on the back and chest casualties of the Jews and the Red Army, hanging, burning people ...
But I did something I think that the idea of throwing each other allegations of historical events and to demand an apology kneeling fundamentally wrong. We must look to the future and forgive each other, we are Christians!
Activities in Tallinn again witnessed the historic divisions in Estonian society, one of which point to this 65-day anniversary of the liberation of the city from the Nazis, and the other - a soldier recalls the 20 th Estonian SS division
Moscow. September 22. INTERFAX.RU - Today's event in Tallinn again witnessed the historic divisions in Estonian society, some of which - mainly Russian-speaking - note that day 65-anniversary of the liberation of Tallinn from the Nazis, while other citizens commemorate the good word "freedom fighters" of the country, saying that such soldier 20 th Estonian SS division.
Morning, Russia's Ambassador to Estonia Nikolai Uspensky placed on Tuesday at the military cemetery in Tallinn wreath at the monument to the Soldier-Liberator of the city from the Nazis. Wreath at the monument, which is popularly known as the Bronze Soldier, placed well Consul General of Belarus in Estonia, Alexander Ostrovsky.
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In connection with Estonia celebrated 65-anniversary of the liberation of Tallinn from Nazi wreaths and flowers at the monument to lay representatives of NGOs, World War II veterans who fought against Hitler's army, the organization of Russian compatriots, the Leningrad blockade.
At the monument was put up a guard of honor, there was established a symbolic fire, passed the Anti-Fascist Committee of the Estonian-Latvian followers. Flowers and wreaths by representatives of the Embassy of Russia, and veterans are also assigned to other cemetery in Tallinn on the graves of heroes of the Soviet Union Arnold Meri, Endel Pusepa other parties fighting for the liberation of Estonia from the Nazis.
Official Estonian authorities have refused to celebrate this date. It is considered the country's leadership as the beginning of the second Soviet occupation of Estonia. In February 2007 the Estonian Parliament declared Sept. 22 the Day of the resistance (in memory of Estonians who fought for freedom against the Nazi and Soviet armies) and the memory lasted five days, the government of Otto Tief. It was formed i.o.prezidenta Uluots Urey, who had previously, in early 1944 urged the population to resistance against the advancing Red Army. From responded to his call Estonians formed 20 th Estonian SS division.
Tuesday night in memory of this government, near the monument to the War of Independence would address Parliament Speaker Ene Ergma. On the eve of anniversaries last week, the Estonian Security Police raided and seized exhibits and technical equipment in the military-historical club "Front-line" in Tallinn.
"On Thursday night about 21 o'clock I arrived at the club on a signal from one of our activists. The club had about ten people in civilian clothes with a gun under his jacket. They refused to introduce himself, and only after a stormy altercation one of them said that his name is Arvo Kask "- told a board member of the club Maxim Demidov.
According to him, these people searched without a proper permission and explanation. "Despite the fact that I am a member of the board, I was rudely put out the door," - said Demidov.
"There have been withdrawn without inventorying our makeshift museum exhibits, a unique collection of weapons of World War II, worth about 300 thousand kroons (20 euros), computer organization," - said Demidov, adding that all exhibits were provided with certificates and permits storage as the museum property.
Demidov knows no reasons to conduct the search, but suggested that it was made "to pressure" in the occasion of the Sept. 22 anniversary of the liberation of Tallinn from Nazi occupation, in the events which were going to attend the activists of the club. He did not rule out that the police action was carried out to discredit him as a candidate to the Tallinn City Council.
According to Interfax, the Police Commissioner security Andres Kahar search was indeed made, "but it has nothing to do with September 22 or to the person of Maxim Demidov. According to him, the security police conducting a preliminary investigation under Articles 414 and 418 of the Penal Code (illegal possession of arms and ammunition).
"Это чисто уголовное дело, не имеющее никакого отношения к выдвигаемым членами клуба предположениям", - подчеркнул Кахар. The Commissioner added that "during search, no law was broken, everything is done correctly and with the presence of necessary documents."
The club was established in 2004 and deals with the history of the armies of the warring parties that fought on Estonian soil, conducting military-historical reconstruction, is in search, identification and burial of remains of soldiers killed on the battlefields, etc.
During active in the care of military graves head of the club Andrew Lazurin in 2008. was marked by thanksgiving charter president Dmitry Medvedev, and in 2009 he was awarded a commemorative medal of Arnold Meri.
Meanwhile, also at the end of last week, a group of 21 deputies of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, issued a declaration calling for PACE to continue to investigate and condemn the crimes of communism.
"The declaration was initiated in connection with the 70-th anniversary of the Second World War, when the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the secret protocol to it paved the way for a joint attack by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to Poland" - said in the press service of the Estonian Parliament, circulated last Friday.
As noted in a press release citing the head of the Estonian delegation to the PACE Vice-President of the Assembly Andres Herkel, within the next two weeks to the declaration can join other members of the organization.
Herkel said that the PACE is preparing hearings on the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact and expressed the hope that on this subject will be adopted by resolution. "As long as the States - Members of the Council of Europe, including Russia, have not reached a common understanding about the beginning and legacy of World War II, it is difficult to speak today about the common values," - said vice-president of PACE.
As stated in the declaration, while the international community and postwar Germany after World War II, condemned Nazi crimes, crimes committed by Stalin's regime, clearly have not been convicted nor at the international level, nor Russia. The signatories called on PACE to assess the crimes of communism "is legally, morally, politically and historically."
Officials of Russia traditionally condemn these approaches to the explanation of the causes and origins of the Second World War. On behalf of President of Russia created a special commission, whose purpose is called resistance to forgers.
Today, Dmitry Medvedev reiterated the need for respectful and careful attitude to history for the stable development of Europe. However, at this time, the reason for this statement was much longer, though, and just as glorious page of history for the Russians: 210 years of the Alpine campaign of Alexander Suvorov.
The ceremony was held near shveytsarskogogoroda Andermatt near the memorial cross, set in the valley Schollene, where 210 years ago, Suvorov's soldiers completed their heroic crossing of the Alps of Northern Italy to Switzerland.