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People flee from the country

Запись от iside размещена 14.02.2011 в 11:26

Effect of Putin's 10 th anniversary: people are smarter flee Russia

The country has faced another wave of emigration. The West has left 1.25 million Russians

From Russia again massively flee abroad. If we believe the calculations heads the Accounting Chamber, Sergei Stepashin, in recent years from a country left 1.25 million people. Approximately the same number of people left their homeland after the Bolsheviks came to power (as an indirect assessment of Lenin, the first wave of emigration amounted to about 2 million people). What drove the compatriots in 1917 - is clear: terror, hunger, and lawlessness. What are the reasons for pushing for immigration today - says political analyst Dmitry Oreshkin.

SP: - Dmitry Borisovich, Stepashin called Faithful emigration figures?


- It's unprofessional assessment. Stepashin - not a demographer, is not an expert on migration. It is important to understand: this is a leak of the population - not just emigration in the Soviet sense of the word. We are not talking about those who renounce citizenship, forever rasplevalsya with the homeland. Methods Stepashin - as I understand it - based on underreporting of taxes collected from individuals. These defaulters lower part of the year living in Moscow, a big overseas, and therefore pay less taxes here. Here are some of those people who are de facto living abroad, the de jure have Russian citizenship, paying the Treasury a penny, and ran up 1.25 million people.

Get here and people who are in limbo. For example, Chichvarkin - immigrant or not? He is a Russian citizen but lives in London. A Berezovsky, and Luzhkov with Baturina, and the children of Putin? They all live, like, out there, but here they seem as citizens.

«SP: - What is special about the current wave of emigration?

- The fact that it's not like a hole in your head forever. People convince themselves that just went abroad to warm their bones, get an education, and the country is inclined to think so. But in fact it turns out: the person is abroad, wrote out texts of pathos, like do not like Westerners, but he does not return to their homeland.

This is an interesting psychological moment. Such a person is angry that their homeland had to leave that, for example, in the USSR, it was much better. He said that the Union would never have gone, but now, to earn decent money, he should live, say, in Canada. Or the United States, Israel, Germany ... In reality, he lives abroad. His body was there, and he pays taxes there. But his mentality is a strange place called "The image of the Great Russia".

It's like in the XIX century, the peasants believed in Belovodye - fairyland, where the grass is full, no landlords, and all the peasants plow the ground and happy.

All these emigrants say: yes, I even tomorrow, selling everything and go back to Russia. But they will not return. I watched a similar situation in the Soviet era in Yakutia. There are people, too, lived out of suitcases and wanted to throw everything to hell and back to Moscow. But in reality they could not go back: salaries in Yakutia was twice as high, housing was not in Moscow. In general, the return did not develop. Nevertheless, in their big three-or four-room apartment one room was occupied by the packaged stuff. They were ready to leave, were ready for decades, and still lived there.

Today's immigrants are similar: living God knows where, they say God knows what, mayutsya, in vain they went or not. And only their children solve a psychological problem: are Americans with Russian roots - America's fashionable to have roots.

«SP: - But in 1990 seem to be observed reverse current: former emigrants from the Soviet Union sought to Russia, does not it?

- In the late 1990's was still feeling the "window" in front. I myself phoned friends who went abroad in the late 1980's. They said that they have grown up children who know two languages and have completed MBA or MIT. Friends asked: if I can not help their children settle in good Russian firms in Aeroflot and Yukos? Because in Russia is growing, opening up prospects. These questions were concealed regret that they, my friends, went to the West. Ten years they spent growing into an alien context, rooted - and suddenly saw that in Russia well.

But in 2003-2004 it ended. Now, on the contrary, people come to me forty years old and say: we want to go from Russia, do you think, not in vain if we want? Maybe next year everything will change, and you can live? My subjective feeling - now running abroad increases.

«SP: - The race to explain this?

- It's hard to explain material things. This is a general sense: it was ahead of the "window", but it is slammed shut. Leave again, for reasons not irreversible: to be treated, to learn to live with relatives. And almost no one returns. At the same time in Russia there is inflow of people from Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. If expressed politically incorrect, high population is replaced with poor quality. It turns out, those Russians who are more intelligent, better educated, who better understands the situation - leave.

«SP: - Who exactly is leaving now in Russia?

- Of course, it is not ideological immigrants. Clearly, the man who left to themselves to justify starting an aggressive or a curse "scoop" (in the broadest sense), or pro-Western liberals, lounging great Soviet Union. But this is not an ideology, and self-justification. People leave for paid work, for the sake of a healthy social environment for the sake of peace.

Age has changed: now going youth. Not a bright young up to 20 (Yakimenko so good punch them brains, that they still live in the fictional world in which America wants to destroy Russia). Rides people 30 years old, who has already thought, weighed, received his education. Who have already traveled abroad, and has personal experience of life in the West. Ride the elderly who rent out their Moscow apartments, and live on the money in the Czech Republic or Turkey. Leaving just the rich, for example, in Latvia is being formed now post-Soviet Russian aristocratic club - here plays the role that the purchase of real estate given a residence permit.

I recently flew from Kaliningrad with high-ranking officials. He said he thought that to move to Lithuania: the nature better, safer environment, you can earn more, and cheaper products. Plus, all speak in Russian. This directly contradicts the official ideology that the Baltic States lost to secede from the USSR.

He was a man in years. Youth, thirties, argue differently: Russia does not earn a million dollars, but want a million. In America, by the way, few people want to go, choose the country closer: Canada, Germany.

«SP: - The trend in emigration will increase?

- I think so. The problem is that our country - contrary to what we think about it - not built for people and for the bosses. But the people for the bosses - just raw materials. So it was during the Soviet era, while also lived very poorly. Except, of course, those who had access to the authoritative benefits: military, intelligence personnel, the party nomenclature. Today the situation has not much changed. People who believe the official propaganda, virtually live well, and physically - does not matter. And when a person is aware of what the position is, thinks: is it time to say goodbye with this system?

People were running and will run, because Putin has restored the Soviet model, when your freedom is limited by the arbitrariness of a superior officer. And that many are not satisfied.

Six waves of emigration

It is considered that the first wave of fleeing from Russia rose after 1917. There were writers Bunin (Nobel Prize) and Vladimir Nabokov; designers Sikorsky (helicopters), and Zworykin (TV); best humanities (Philosophy steamer "), politicians, businessmen, artists (Chagall), artists (Chaliapin), the officers - and tens of thousands thousands of outstanding people.

But before it was the very first, let's call it - the zero wave: when the tyranny of the king fled to the people affected in their rights. At first the various sects - Molokans, Old Believers, Stundists etc. Them until 1917 only in Canada and the U.S. have left at least 100,000 people. In this same era Russian Empire lost at least 1.5 million Jews - they were amazed to notice: limited the Pale of Settlement, inability to obtain higher education.

In fairness to mention the cost and minus the first "wave - the exodus in the middle of the XIX century, the Caucasian tribes from the newly conquered Russian territories. Exact figures of their departure because no one counted, but historians generally estimate just leave Circassians number of at least 150-200 thousand people (mostly they went to the Ottoman Empire).

The second wave - after the destruction of the NEP and the triumphant march of collectivization. There was already running people easier. Stalin at the XVII Congress of the CPSU (b) ("Congress of Victors") presented falsified data on the population of the USSR - 8 million more than they reveal private data of the Central Office of National Economic Accounting (TSUNHU). The border was already at the castle, but the trickle of escapees is not interrupted. Fled through Iran, through Mongolia and China. The audience cleaner - through European capitals - as defectors.

The third wave was associated with the Great Patriotic War and, according to rough estimates, estimated at one million or, at least in the hundreds of thousands. Just leave the number of collaborators - those Soviet citizens who had served in Hitler, is estimated at 150-200 thousand people.

Fourth, Brezhnev, the wave - in Israel, no less than two million. Jewish roots revealed a set of ancient Russian people. At the same time began to leave the ethnic Germans, Greeks, Bulgarians, Finns, etc.

The fifth wave of the late 1980's - early 1990's became known as "sausage". The first time people had the opportunity of free choice and seriously solve the question: in Russia, after three generations of the communist regime can ever establish an acceptable life conditions?

Now we have to deal with the sixth wave. They are those who in the 1990's believed that freedom has come for real, and Russia is finally becoming a normal country. Putin decade them sobered and put everything in place.

Where Russians go

The main flows of immigrants from Russia, according to the St. Petersburg immigration company, distributed between Europe, North America, Australia and the Caribbean. Young professionals tend to choose Canada, Australia, New Zealand - there is enough broad program of reception of immigrants. There are age limits - up to 45 years, and several other criteria that must meet to be eligible to start the immigration process.

If the Russians traveling to Western Europe, as a rule, they are registered or purchased by the company. EU law allows on the basis of ownership of the company to obtain a residence permit. But its reception depends on the success of the business.

In general, the list of countries attractive for Russians as follows:

Australia (want to move to 9%of the economically active population of Russia). Reasons for choosing: the successful social and economic development, high level and quality of life, a warm climate.

Germany (7%). Reasons: economic stability, a reliable social protection of citizens.

Italy (6,5%). Reasons: life in the country, the beauty of the country and the climate.

USA (6%). The reasons: the image of the country of great opportunity, falling house prices, the loyal attitude to immigrant workers.

United Kingdom (5%). Reasons: proximity to Moscow, the popularity of British education, the example of a large number of Russian immigrants who have chosen London as their new home.

In addition to the listed countries, many Russians dream to settle in Spain, Canada, Switzerland, France, Finland, Sweden, Austria, New Zealand, Norway and the Czech Republic.


Andrey Polunin



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