The most beautiful of all arts.
Most beautiful of all the arts, ballet, tells the stories of love and death language understandable to all people on Earth. Enduring values, repeating the crimes and miracles of faith, vows and duty find their expression in the dance." Сначала the Word", - the Bible says, but Maya Plisetskaya object:" Сначала was a gesture!". The art of silent movement requires human language and interpretation. The beauty of the body in motion, the body as a tool to create art, have now themselves serve" сюжетами" for plotless dances. Ballet is impossible without classical dance technique without the nature of the body, without sacrifice, and unconditional love, without sweat and blood. And yet the ballet is perfect movement that makes you forget about everything petty and the earth.
a short history of Russian ballet.
the First ballet performance in Russia took place on Shrove Tuesday 17 February 1672 at the court of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the Transfiguration. Before the show came on stage the actor representing Orpheus, and sang German songs, translated to the king by the translator, which extolled the great features of the soul of Alexei Mikhailovich. At this time, on both sides of Orpheus were two decorated with banners and lit with colored lights of the pyramid that after the song of Orpheus began to dance. Under Peter I in Russia appear dancing in the modern sense of the word: was introduced minuets, contredanse, etc. They issued a decree, according to which dances have become an essential part of court etiquette, and noble youth was obligated to study dancing. In 1731, in St. Petersburg was opened the Polish gentry infantry corps, which was destined to become the cradle of the Russian ballet. As the alumni body in the future was to hold high public office and needed secular knowledge, for example, the study of fine arts, including ballroom dancing, in the case was given a significant place. 4 may 1738, the French dancing master Jean-Baptiste Lande opened the first Russian school of ballet dance —" Танцовальная Her Imperial Majesty"s school" (now the Academy of Russian ballet named A. Y. Vaganova).
In specially equipped rooms of the Winter Palace, Lande began the training of 12 Russian boys and girls. Students were recruited from the children of the common origin. The schooling was free, students were fully content. The further development of ballet in Russia has received in the reign of Elizabeth. Among cadets of the Land of the body in dance has succeeded Nikita Beketov. Moreover, Beketov, who later became Elizabeth"s favorite, enjoyed the special favour of the Empress, who herself wore a young man, excellently performed female roles. In 1742 of the students Lande established the first ballet company, and in 1743, its members began to pay fees. August 1, 1759 the nameday of the Empress, and on the occasion of the victory over the Prussian troops in Frankfurt was officially staged the ballet-драма" Прибежище virtue", which was a huge success.
during the reign of Catherine II, the Russian ballet has gained even more popularity and got further development. On the occasion of her coronation in the Moscow Palace has been given a luxurious ballet" Радостное a return to the Arcadian shepherds and the cowherd girls of the goddess of spring", which was attended by the most illustrious nobles. It is known that in the court theatre productions in the ballet often danced the heir to the throne Pavel Petrovich. With the era of Catherine II in Russia there was a tradition of the fortress ballets, when the landlords turned the troupe, composed of serfs. Of these ballets, the most famous and enjoyed ballet landowner nashchokina.
In 1766, issued from Vienna, the choreographer and composer Gasparo Angiolini, and adds to the ballet productions Russian flavour — introduces music of ballet performances of Russian music, which surprised everyone and acquired himself universal praise. In the beginning of the reign of Paul I the ballet is back in Vogue. It is interesting that when Paul I was issued special rules for ballet — were ordered to stage at the time of submission there was not a single men the role of men danced Evgeny Kolosov and Nastassja Berilova.
it was not until the arrival in Saint-Петербург Auguste Poirot. In the reign of Alexander I the Russian ballet continued to develop, reaching new heights. His success at this time, Russian ballet, first of all, obliged invited French choreographer Charles Didelot a, who arrived in Russia in 1801. Under his leadership, the Russian ballet began to Shine such dancers and dancers like Maria Danilova, Evdokia Istomin. At this time ballet in Russia has reached unprecedented popularity. Derzhavin, Pushkin and Griboyedov glorified ballet Didelot and his students — Istomin and Teleshova. The Emperor loved ballet of repose, and almost never missed one. In 1831 Didlo from-за conflict with the Director of theaters Prince Gagarin left the St. Petersburg stage. Soon in St Petersburg started to Shine starEuropean ballet Marie Taglioni.
She debuted on 6 September 1837 at the ballet" Сильфида" and caused delight of the audience. Such ease, such a chaste grace, such an extraordinary technique and facial expressions have not showed not one of the dancers. In 1841 she said goodbye to Petersburg, after dancing for more than 200 times.
In 1848 arrived in St. Petersburg rival Taglioni — Fanny Elssler, famous for her grace and expressions. After it visited St. Petersburg Carlotta grisi, who made his debut in 1851 in" Жизели" and was a great success, showing himself a first-rate dancer and a beautiful actress mimic. At this time, the choreographers Marius Petipa, Joseph mazilier, etc. consistently put luxury ballet and attracting talented artists tried to push ballet performances, which begin to cool off thanks to the Italian Opera. Among ballet critics of the time were Vissarion Belinsky, the noted articles about Taglioni, Gerino and Sankovski. In the reign of Alexander II in the Russian ballet begins with the nomination of domestic talents. A number of talented Russian dancers and ballet dancers graced the stage. Although the ballet performances observed a great economy, the experience of Marius Petipa gave the opportunity with little financial cost to put a graceful ballet performances, the success of which contributed to the excellent scenery artists. In this period of development of Russian ballet dancing take precedence over the movement and facial expressions.
In the reign of Alexander III, the ballet was given at the Mariinsky theatre twice a week — on Wednesdays and Sundays. Choreographer for-прежнему was Marius Petipa. At this time, in Petersburg, he toured foreign ballerinas, of which Carlotta Brianza, who first performed the role of Aurora in the ballet" Спящая beauty" Pyotr Tchaikovsky. The leading dancers were Vasily Geltser and Nicholas domashiv. In the twentieth century - A.V. Shiryaev, A. A. Gorsky, 1904, 1906 Mikhail Fokine, 1909. In the early twentieth century, the keepers of academic traditions were artists: Olga Preobrazhenskaya, Mathilde Kschessinska, Vera Trefilova, Yu. N. Sedova, Agrippina Vaganova, Olga Spesivtseva. In search of new forms of Mikhail Fokin relied on the contemporary visual arts.
Anna Pavlova. Invitation to the Dance aka Invitation to the valse.
Favorite stage form choreographer was ballet in one act with a simple continuous action, with clearly expressed stylistic colouring. Fokine ballets belong:" Павильон armide"," Шопениана"," Египетские night","Carnival", 1910; @Parsley quot"," Половецкие dance" at the Opera" Князь Igor". In the famous Fokine, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky and Anna Pavlova. The first act of the ballet" Дон Quixote", in the music of Ludwig Minkus came to the contemporaries in a revised version by Alexander Gorsky.
Russian ballet of the XX century.
Galina Ulanova in the ballet" Жизель."
Pas de Deux from the ballet" Лебединое lake" Tchaikovsky.
Russian ballet of the XXI century.
Pas de Deux from the ballet" Корсар"Адана.
Pas de Deux from the ballet" Дон Quixote" Minkus.
Pas de Deux from the ballet" Баядерка"Минкуса.
Adagio and pas de Deux from the ballet" Жизель" Adana.
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