The spring Istanbul @- 1

Offered to ride the bus for the spring Istanbul.

as long As we go, remember the story of the city.

659 the BC is considered the official date of the founding of Istanbul. Its first inhabitants were ethnic Greeks.

Actually the city of Byzantium, named after the mythological hero of Ancient Greece, appeared in 667 BC, Later the Romans settled here, completely subordinating it to his authority.

a Turning point in the history of Istanbul was 324. Ambitious Roman Emperor Constantine came up with the idea to establish at the crossroads of two continents is a big city and give it the name New Rome.

the Ambitious plans come true, and after a few years the majestic Constantinople (the first name is not stuck, and the city received the name of the ruler) was declared the capital of the Roman Empire. By the way, in Russian Chronicles it was called Constantinople.

How was Istanbul then, fifteen hundred years ago? Just say what beautiful means to say nothing. The massive walls that girded the city, living wealth, luxury and magnificence.

In the new capital intensive construction, one after the other grew grandiose religious buildings. To the city from all corners of the Empire brought great works of art that were supposed to decorate it.

379-395 years has been the reign of Theodosius, who by fate was destined to become the last Emperor in the history of the mighty Roman Empire. Before his death, he divided the huge state into two parts, instructing his sons Arkadios and Honorius to rule them.

the Role of Constantinople at the same time does not downplay, it became the capital of the Byzantine Empire and at the same time the main center of Christianity of the Eastern rite (Orthodox).

Under the Emperor Justinian I, who ruled in 527-565 years, the state reached the highest peak. The face of the Empire by-прежнему remained its capital, the arrangement of which was not Gallos funds. Built magnificent palaces and temples. Then was built the magnificent Hagia Sophia – one of the main attractions of modern Istanbul.

Life is so arranged that the white band often gives way to black. I do not pass it a party, and the Byzantine capital. In 1204, for its wealth was coveted by the crusaders, literally looted Constantinople and shipped a lot of treasures.

They have established their power and built a new state of the Latin Empire. However, it lasted long, up to 1261, while the Emperor Michael VIII did not drive out the conquerors.

Michael VIII was the representative of the dynasty of Palaeologus, restored the old Byzantine Empire. She ruled for two centuries and is the longest in the history of the state.

In 1453, when Constantinople was conquered by the Turks, came the decline and final collapse of the Byzantine Empire. So the majestic city of the capital of one Empire became the center of the other – the Ottoman.

Special attention to revival paid personally by Sultan Mehmed II. Buildings erected in former times, have undergone a radical conversion.

for Example, the temples were converted into mosques. Then was built the Topkapi Palace is one of the most famous in Istanbul.

XVI century was the heyday of the Ottoman Empire and, accordingly, its capital. Especially noteworthy is the period from 1520 to 1566, the year when the ruler was Suleiman the Magnificent.

This period was a real" золотым century" in the history of Constantinople.

After Suleiman died, the sun of prosperity on its government began to Shine not so bright. However Sultan Ahmed I was able to raise funds for the construction of the famous Blue mosque, which was built in 1609-1616 years.

In 1699, after the signing of the Karlovyts of the Treaty the Ottoman Empire lost a significant part of their European possessions, the country began to decline.

the Government has set out to breathe new life into its financial system, especially after the wars with Russia, Persia, the Venetian Republic and Austria.

Encouraged the acquisition of public land by wealthy clans. The most tasty was the areas along the Bosphorus Strait, which the new owners began to build luxurious palaces.

the First half of the eighteenth century was for Constantinople ambiguous. On the one hand, the city began to revive, on the other – began the war with Russia affected its development. Positive changes in the appearance of the capital took place in the XIX century.

In 1845 was commissioned Galata bridge. Even after 5 years on the waters of the Bosphorus pulled the first steamboats. Developed and intracity transportation: in 1871 it became an independent city in 1875 was put into operation the so-called mini-метро known as" Тюнель". Also noteworthy was 1889: went to the first train to Paris ("Восточный Express").

In 1919, Constantinople was occupied by English, French and Greek troops. Foreign invaders active resistance of the Turkish national-освободительное movement.

In 1923 this struggle was crowned with victory and was founded secular Republic headed by a former army officer Mustafa Kemal, who took the title of Ataturk ("Отец nation"). The new state"s capital was moved to Ankara.

28 March 1930, the government renamed Constantinople to Istanbul, and this is the spelling of the new name was adopted in the Russian language.

Istanbul in the twenty-first century, plays a leading role in the political life of the country. One example can be considered a coup attempt in July 2016, when the military opposed the regime of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, but failed.

the Dramatic events during the coup, including the clashes of opponents of the President with his supporters, took place not only in Ankara, but in Istanbul.