It is not the first year of exposure to suffer from acts of vandalism. The loudest of them in recent times occurred in the Louvre. In early August, our compatriot managed to run a ceramic mug in the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa". How often museums are suffering at the hands of criminals and whether you can fight it, determines the correspondent "our version".
Tourist from Russia was sent to the police station, then released, but remains under investigation. Date of hearing has not yet been appointed. The reason for such extravagant escapades, according to one version, was that the French authorities refused rossiyanke in obtaining citizenship.
"La Gioconda" has not suffered from this - told the press attache of the Louvre David Madek - For several years she is in a special container and is protected by bullet-proof anti-reflective glass thickness of about 2 centimeters. Just in case of unforeseen circumstances. Incidentally, this protection is needed also because of the humidity, vibration and direct sunlight. "La Gioconda" - one of the most protected products in the world, so we had no reason to worry. As for women, launched the cup in the picture, she was detained by guards of the museum and handed over the police. Her fate does not interest us, although we believe that the woman was not herself. But this matter experts. Material claims we have her there.
Relic of the Louvre is a masterpiece of the most expensive in the world, experts do not even dare to call him about today's price. Probably so we can not estimate the cost of insurance and paintings. "La Gioconda" is protected by the state, but not immune ", - said David Madek.
As described in the Paris museum, this is not the first attempt on the great work of Leonardo da Vinci. The first occurred in 1956 during the exhibition, held at the Museum of the French city of Montauban. Then the man poured acid da Vinci masterpiece. In the same year in another French city citizen Bolivia threw in "Mona Lisa" stone that hurt the paint the Mona Lisa under his left elbow. At the misadventures of the picture is not finished: in 1974 at an exhibition in Tokyo next madman tried to pour "Mona Lisa" paint. After a lengthy restoration of the Louvre officials have decided to no longer take risks and put the "Mona Lisa" under the protective glass.
Four years ago, the masterpiece was placed in a separate room, which cost the Louvre in 6 million. Each year, admire the creation of Leonardo da Vinci in the Louvre are about 8 million visitors.
It is curious, but, judging from the annals of museum, women vandals are much less frequently than men. But this does not mean that the weaker sex is not a passion for destruction. Thus, in 1914 the British suffragette Mary Richardson broke the glass, obscured an invaluable picture of Diego Velazquez's "Venus with a Mirror" in the London National Gallery, and tried to chop her meat chopper. Richardson explained his action a protest against the arrest of Emmeline Pankrust - the leader of the Women's Social and Political Union. "I wanted to destroy the picture of the most beautiful women in mythology - said Miss Richardson - in protest against the government, which kills Madame Pankrust, most wonderful person in modern history." This unexpected way, Mary was trying to draw public attention to the problem of discrimination against women.
And 40 years after the events in the National Gallery Richardson said that in addition to the policy it has moved more and aversion to men who "stare" at the Naked Venus "all day". The act of Richardson decided to repeat a lady, however, get to the pictures she had never succeeded. But the museum was closed for a time for women, but after some time they were allowed to go there to come exclusively accompanied by men. Last until the recent scandal at the Louvre high-profile case involving the female vandalki happened in 2007 when the French artist of Cambodian origin Sam Rind kissed Avignon gallery picture of the modern artist Cy Twombly. It should be red lipstick on a white canvas worth $ 2 million cost to Ms. Rinda only 1,5 thousand euro.
In general, the museum acts of vandalism occur in the world is not so often, but the harm that hooligans cause of boredom, or by reason of mental disorder, almost always irreversible. On the restoration of damaged items takes years of painstaking work of restorers. And the panacea to the destroyers in fact. As museum workers themselves think, this phenomenon is extremely difficult to fight.
In recent years the number of attacks on works of art in America and Europe increased. Thus, the 40-year-old New Yorker, Martin Boyle, selected the exhibits, which in his opinion, does not deserve to be in the walls of the Museum of Modern Art. He brings them through the service entrance and threw in a nearby park. Boyle was detained when he tried to break up the famous "Bicycle Wheel" by Marcel Duchampa. And in the Netherlands a few years ago was arrested a serial vandal. An elderly man poured a caustic liquid picture of the XVII century painter Bartholomeus van der Helsta from the collection of the Royal Museum in Amsterdam. Cloth "Banquet at the conclusion of peace of Munster in 1648, according to experts, slightly damaged, and it was quickly restored. The police quickly established the identity of the perpetrator. It turned out that the attacker is well known in museum circles as a serial vandal, and his picture is known museum keepers. The arrested confessed that earlier attacked the paintings outside the Netherlands.
In the Russian museums of vandalism do not like to talk. Available to the public are only the most high-profile crimes against art. Thus, in 1985 the Hermitage was an attempt at a picture of Rembrandt's "Danae". The man struck the painting, two stabbed and doused her solution of sulfuric acid. Was later revealed that the offender is a citizen of Lithuania, was mentally ill. The court found him mentally incompetent. Immediately after the tragic incident began rescue Dana. No unparalleled process of restoration lasted more than one year. Damaged canvas taken out of the frame and moved to the laboratory. The surface of the picture was washed with water to neutralize the action of acid. By evening, when the chemical reaction is completed, it was found that 70%of the fabric remained intact. By order of the Ministry of Culture established a state committee, which included top experts in the field of research and restoration of art and museum administration. Painting was able to return to the museum only after 12 years.
Another tragic incident occurred in another piterskom museum three years ago. The Kunstkammer broke Chinese carved coffee table made of black wood. This piece rarity simply disappeared. It should be noted that this is one of the oldest exhibits, he has more than two hundred years. On the decorative piece of furniture with a granite countertop and three carved panels depicted scenes of Chinese mythology. Keepers say the loss is discovered before closing. According to unofficial data, stolen panel table can cost up to 3 thousand dollars, but the museum staff are sure: this is not intentional theft, but rather an act of vandalism.
"All the complexity of the problem of vandalism of the museum lies in the fact that it is virtually impossible to prevent", - said the deputy director of the museum security of the State Historical Museum, Mikhail Koltsov. According to him, to avoid damage to the exhibits can only be responded in time for misbehavior visitor. "We can not prohibit visitors to carry sharp objects in museums and acid, but to harm the exhibit, just a fist. There are special machines that can determine the psycho-emotional state of man. However, under current law, the only thing that can make the protection when the unit captures the rampage come, it is more attentive to him. But do not let people in this state in the museum we have no right ", - said Koltsov.
But not only criminals responsible for the deterioration of works of art. Sometimes the masterpieces of suffering caused by clumsy visitors or even museum staff themselves. Recently, Tate was forced to restore the work of the minimalist sculptor Carl Andre, after her sick child, who came with his parents to the exhibition. Another exhibit, the victim in the gallery, owned by the sculptor Anish Kapoor, the Turner Prize winner. Egg-shaped fiberglass, entitled "Light Ishi 2003" was damaged when photographing. And in the Fitzwilliam Museum there was a tragic and comic story simultaneously. A clumsy visitor to the museum come unleashed lace and lost his balance. As a result, three vases in the Qing Dynasty, whose age is about 300 years old, broken. At least 40 years they have stood on the sill of the museum. In fact, to collect the fragments of exhibits, it took two and a half days. Restoration of vases, one of which weighed 45 kilograms, took six months. Clumsy visitor was detained but later released without charge.
A careless museum staff often ends international scandals. Recently, staff from the State Hermitage learned that one of two pair of vases on display in a museum in France by Georges de La Tour in the town of Vic-sur-Say, formed a significant crack. And on this St. Petersburg museum learned not from the French colleagues, and from the media.
"Preservation of works available at the exhibition, before it is sent to France as an encyclopedia of glass restorers, restorers and precious metals Hermitage, - told the press service of the museum. - According to international rules is the same procedure was carried out and receiving exhibits host. Currently, we urgently sent our restorer in Vic-sur-Say, on the spot to assess the state of the vase and the size of the damage. Draw conclusions about the causes of what happened early. This will be possible only after careful study of the vase.
In any case, after the return of the exhibit in St. Petersburg, he entered the scientific department of restoration and conservation of the State Hermitage. Subsequently, the vase takes its place in the museum.
"The State Hermitage surprised the position of the French side, which not only fails to timely notified the museum about the incident, but made it the property of the press before it notified the Hermitage. This attitude of the French side questioned the possibility of a number of projects planned in 2010, the Year of Russia in France ", - concluded at the Hermitage.
Olga Golovach, head of state control over the preservation of cultural property, damage to cultural property called "everyday life". "Sometimes - calmly she admits. - Sometimes a cup of broken up some, but it also happens at home. "
According to an independent art historian Irina Skorobeyko, the last 30 years working in various galleries and inspecting the Moscow regional museums to reflect on the professionalism of the staff can afford only the rich museums, in which "no other problems." For Russia, she said, the issues of vandalism and careless employees are really what to Tretyakov, Pushkin, Hermitage, and even a couple-three museums - the rest of "this chaos, what if something and fall, no one even noticed."
"You should have seen what it is! Even in large cities such as Yekaterinburg and Vladivostok, there are museums, where to go terribly, - says Skorobeyko. - There are no more staff. Irina describes the horrors of the provincial museum of life: exhibits carry porters from the nearby shop (and in fact a picture - it's not a sack of potatoes! "); Summer-old woman smotritelnitsy wide open windows, bring the old heaters in winter and in stores - the rats and cockroaches. "And it was not just any museum of folk crafts - it Surikov Kuindzhi, Levitan, Shishkin, Polenov!" - Lamented the art. Chief architect of the Central Council VOOPIK Victor bakers agree with Skorobeyko. "What kind of combat vandalism in question, when most museums could barely make ends meet?" - He believes. According to him, many museums rangers, who for miserable wages are sitting in the halls, do not even understand what their role. If there is an emergency, they can not help. In addition, not all have alarm or it does not work.
Guards museums in the regions, as a rule, do not have the necessary qualifications. "If these museums will suddenly act of vandalism, this is likely no one even knows. Disposed spoiled now and forget. In the end, we have today is lost so many pieces, and nobody is looking "- said the expert. According to him, to solve the problem today is possible only through increased funding, monitoring of the condition and availability of items, as well as recruiting qualified staff.
It would seem that one of the solutions to the problems of vandalism and neglect museum staff - to insure all works of art. But in Russia, this practice is not accepted. And it is impossible. Too expensive.
"The exhibits are insured only when they leave the limits of the museum, - explained the spokesperson of the State Hermitage Larisa Korobeinikova. - When they are on display or in storage, they are not protected by insurance - it obschemuzeynaya practice. Yes, and when the exhibits go on exhibition, notional. Because if we lose Rembrandt, what money will make up this loss? Rembrandt no longer alive, a new painting he did not write. "
Actually, according to experts, insurance of museum exhibits - it is fairly difficult, because they are "difficult to assess. After all, determine exactly how much is an old cup or a painting, it is very difficult. Incidentally, in Europe, museum exhibits only takes a few valuation firms, which attract international certified appraisers. This process is very costly and takes time.
Help
Top-5 affected by the works of art
1. 5 young people entered the night in the Paris Musee d'Orsay and pierced a hole in the center of paintings by Claude Monet Bridge at Argenteuil ".
2. In the early twentieth century in the Tretyakov Gallery was carved with Repin's painting "Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on Nov. 16, 1581.
3. Recently, the Carnegie Art Museum in Pittsburgh museum guard slashed its key now Wii Tselminsh "Night Sky#2". As he explained at the interrogation, she told him just do not like.
4. Paris Pompidou Center was forced to pay about 90 000 dollars for two broken exhibit brought to France from the Los Angeles Museum of Art. Amber statue of Peter Alexander has fallen due to the fact that the museum staff did not let it dry glue when attaching the exhibit, and a bas-relief made of plexiglass Craig Kauffman fell off the wall for not clarified until now the reasons.
5. Three vases of the Qing Dynasty was shattered when, in the fall of them accidentally knocked the visitor. The restoration took six months.
Maria Cheskis
http://versia.ru/articles/2009/aug/2...yniy_vandalizm
24.08.2009, 19:09
Somewhere throw!
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