Pavel Korin - "Requiem". On the history of "Disappearing Russia"

[bykinist]

For several years, the Tretyakov Gallery was preparing for the implementation of large and complex special project dedicated to the picture of Pavel Korin 's "Requiem . Disappearing Russia " , one of the most spectacular and mysterious artistic ideas of the twentieth century , which remained unfinished. First after major restoration work Tretyakov Gallery exposes the entire body portraits , sketches and sketches for the painting , including her intended for the large-format canvas .

Pavel Korin (1892-1967) - an outstanding painter, whose life and work are full of tragic ironies . Hereditary Palekh icon painter , a student and close friend of Nesterov , P.D.Korin was known contemporaries primarily as a portrait artist . His hands have become classic images belong artists STKonenkov , M.S.Saryana , Nesterov , Kukryniksov made ​​in 1940-1960 -ies. Significant for the perceived Soviet art monumental works Corina - mosaic metro station " Komsomolskaya " and " Smolensk " , stained station "Novoslobodskaya" . Thanks to them, the master has received formal recognition . But his main occupation was the work on the movie " Requiem ."

Design work began in March 1925 under the influence of popular farewell to Patriarch Tikhon , in which Corinne participated . Shocked by what he saw, he decided to write a large canvas on which the protagonists would be real participants in the funeral ceremony of the patriarch. For specific event artist saw generalization - " goes to church last parade " ( P.D.Korin ) . Calling the future picture "Requiem" , the master has determined its content as a funeral liturgy , funeral farewell. Second , widely known in the Soviet era name - " Vanishing Rus" ( " Disappearing Russia " ) - was given the product for Maxim Gorky and was Corina kind of " safe conduct " .

The general idea of "Requiem " transformed over the years : the original version - care ascetics death spiritual tradition - in the final version was transformed into evidence " inexhaustible set of" Church as a perpetual source of spirit. Changed accordingly and composition . If in earlier versions artist sketches built its principle procession procession (operation 1927 ) , the latter sketch (1959) Corinne came to the idea Deisis electing the scene of the central space of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin

As a result of preparatory work for the film formed a cycle of 29 portraits, sketches variants compositions , sketches of interiors of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin . Primed canvas ( 551 × 941 cm ) placed on display for decades stood untouched in the artist's studio . Now he perceived a kind of tuning fork , by which it becomes clear the grandeur of conception , indicating Corina as continuing the tradition of creating a " large " historical picture , the most important for the national art, and the entire series of works created for " Disappearing Russia " , reads the most significant.

Portraits of real characters - metropolitans , archbishops , abbots , skhimnitsy , poor , blind, monks and nuns who came to bid farewell to their patriarch , - on canvas artist transformed into symbols of the tragic events in the history of Russia XX century. Many of the actors in " Requiem " served to Corina examples of moral and spiritual choices . Perpetuation of their image through art was one of the main tasks of the master. Clear silhouettes , expressive but restrained gestures and postures suggest that significant internal strength heroes pictures, the best representatives of the Church before the Earth faces the Heavenly Church .

Corinne continued to work on the project for over 30 years and not start writing large canvases . However, the lack of implementation of the main idea is not perceived as its collapse . The idea of "Requiem " and the process of working on it were unprecedented in Soviet art . Currently corpus of works associated with the implementation of this idea , it is a holistic creative project . Included in his work are built into a single and powerful polyphonic fabric . About picture Corina legends . Master painter became a place of pilgrimage for artists, writers, artists , diplomats , preserved memories of visiting her Commissars , clergymen . So " Requiem " has become a significant phenomenon of the informal artistic life in Moscow .

Work on the " Requiem " was the master of the Laboratory , which formed the creative principles and painting techniques , largely determine the future plastic opening in the domestic arts of the 1960s .

Since its inception, canvases stored in the house on Malaya P.D.Korina Pirogov street. Subsequently, at the bequest of the artist house was transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery and became one of the scientific departments of the museum . However, workshop building - a former apartment house laundry - proved unsuitable for exhibits. In unfavorable storage conditions all changed color paintings , as author lacquer lost transparency. In 2009, the canvas came to the store from the Tretyakov Gallery is closed for renovation House Museum P.D.Korina .

For several years the museum's experts using unique techniques copyright aligned lacquer film , spent regeneration varnish removed sagging canvases . Two paintings were restored thanks to the financial support of " fuel elements " . As a result of work on many paintings opened previously not read the details , depth and clarity returned color range . Manifested intense color of the painting is a real boon even to the scholars of Corina . Modern audience for the first time provided an opportunity to see these paintings in pristine condition.
http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/ru/ca...hibitions4010/

[ANATOLY]

Was today vystavke.Ochen advise you to visit.
Such impressions and shocks have not experienced.
The exhibition takes place on the Crimean shaft, 38 room, to 30.03.14g.

[bykinist]

Thirties of the twentieth century. The Company intends to militant atheists for decades to bury religion in the country . Missionary banned. Powered Cheka "church department ." Clergy and lay faithful tried, sentenced and killed. Both living executed churches, icons . A walk around Moscow persistent rumor : artist Pavel Korin in his studio posing bishops, priests , monks . Metropolitan Trifon Turkestanov himself gave his blessing for the picture where all of these appear objectionable to the authorities , driven by living in hiding after inspiration men and women , the last color of Russian Orthodoxy , the last echo of Holy Russia . It seemed impossible . Spreading the word about the artist was a bold banner if quietly humble resistance.

On the other side of the "front line" of the artist reported to Stalin: "Preparing to Corina main picture is expressed in hundreds of sketches for sitters who are fanatics terry ... Corina posing former princess , now become nuns , priests of all ranks and positions , Archdeacon , fools and other scum ... Our attempts to prove the falsity of his themes taken them have not had success ... "

" Guarantor " Pavel Korin loyalty to the state in 1936 advocated proletarian writer Maxim Gorky , largely arranged and simple life of the artist. We must pay tribute to him justice - perhaps precisely custody Gorky was the reason that the government did not touch Corina . Although allowed him after the death of " stormy petrel revolution" nahlebalsya from any outraged public .

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wrote sketches for the painting , which Corinne called "Requiem" or "Exodus" , he started in 1926, finished - in 1937 . Somewhere between these two dates Bitter offered to give another name canvas - " Disappearing Russia ". And it was confirmed in the end. Organize the work was not easy at first . The artist went to the monasteries , temples NOTE characteristic shapes , bright Valais , persuaded to pose. Many times refused. Looked at him in disbelief what there is in the midst of the raging painting Moscow? Helped Metropolitan Tryphon , which appealed to his embarrassment Corinne . Overlord was the spiritual capital of many people in the arts and culture , including friend and mentor Corina - artist Mikhail Nesterov , glorified in their creations Holy Russia . Metropolitan Trifon strongly supported the idea of ​​symbolic paintings - "the last parade of Orthodoxy ." And he also became the first who posed Korin in his workshop . Blessing and an example of the lord did their job. In the artist's studio flowed succession those who personified the 'Old Rus' , who the new Soviet reality was prescribed to disappear in the near future . Through the workshop , Corina , going into eternity , flowed Russian soul .

Time has shown that he was not mistaken in choosing natures. Imprinted on the sketches people known by name, have revealed themselves confessors of Orthodoxy , martyrs for . Their prayer for all Russia , brimming artist's studio , you can feel and general sketch " Disappearing Russia ". This prayerful state leaves in the soul trembling before something truly majestic.

Once in the studio , playing monastic obedience , came skhimnitsa Ivanovo monastery. While burning candle in his hand , a nun stood motionless , lost in prayer. In the same hand she held a cross. When the fire was extinguished , the wife Corina Praskovja Tikhonovna proposed skhimnitse rest. Taking the guest cross, she dropped it with a cry , ozhegshis metal. "How do you keep him ? " - " So after I prayed ... "

Among posed for the artist was a young monk Pimen . His straight , hard, unblinking eyes like - eye to eye with the audience , slightly nabychennaya head posture strictly from the front say samopodchinenii rigid inner spiritual discipline . Indicate that this person will end up once and for all the selected route. And that is the way it is heavy . This 25 -year-old monk - the future Patriarch Pimen ( Izvekov ) , the fourth and last in communist Russia .

In his youth, Sergei Izvekov have not heard from sagacious priests , elders prediction at his own expense : " Be your bishop ," " You're great , but the hard way ." Blessed Maria bayou Diveevskaya saw one young pilgrim , cried : " See , my lord came to us ! .. " But, perhaps, Corina prophecy in this series most impressive because it clearly shows how man-creator associated with their gift of God - creator, and the destinies of opening knowledge.

In 1925 , after graduating from high school in the suburban town Bogorodsk , 15 -year-old Sergei Izvekov stepped Sretensky Monastery . To decide on such a step at a time and spirited at such a young age , you had to have a lot of courage and determination. In the monastery, he took initial vows with the name Plato . The young man was musically gifted, had an excellent singing voice , received a good education - voice lessons with him engaged in the Moscow Conservatory Professor A. Vorontsov . The young monk from invitations regentovat began in Moscow churches - lead klirosnymi choirs. In one of the temples of his first saw Corinne P. , immediately made ​​a drawing in a notebook monk who impressed him . To outline the signature is added : " The young monk . Regent ... Vigil . 10/23 ноября 1926 year. " Much later, the artist's widow ascribe : " The future Metropolitan Pimen Krutitsy and Kolomna ." More later - "... then Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia ."

Soon, in the monastery of the Trinity- Sergius Lavra monk Plato was tonsured a monk named Pimen . It was in the church in Suschah Pimen the Great ( at Novoslobodskaya ) , named in memory of the Egyptian ascetic , a few years regentoval young monk . Choir of the church then numbered 60-70 people . About how regent Pimen , preserved memories , however, related to another temple - Epiphany in Dorogomilovo . Archpriest Anatoly Dob told me that he heard while serving angelic choir singing under the guidance of Pimen , with tears fell on his knees at the altar , he immediately recalled after Prince Vladimir sent for testing of different faiths . About worship in Hagia Sophia of Constantinople ambassadors said the prince , " we did not know where they were on earth or in heaven."

Entire life , starting as a celibate priest to Patriarch Pimen retained love for the solemn liturgy with soulful singing that would not stop , and helped to pray. "... Prayer and singing into one another ... - he said, as the patriarch. - Singing in the church service makes art, coming from the heart , which has its origins ancient culture , religious and national , clear our believing people in all its generations ... " In patriarchal services sometimes sounded and" magnificent lyric baritone "of the Holy One.

In the mid -1930s in a short period between the service conscript in the army and arrest Pimen actually lived in Moscow illegally. At this time it and invited me Corinne . A family friend of the artist and later a senior researcher of the museum P. Corina (branch TG) VV Daffodils with words Paraskevi Tikhonovna said: " We fully obeying the will of the artist, he froze , posing . Write this unusual , then very emotional nature was not easy ; etude demanded many sessions ... But the fruit of the artist lived laborious effort - the image of a young priest-monk Pimen became one of the largest pearls in the gallery of images "Rus" . "

In 1936 Pimen was arrested and sentenced to " hard labor ." For two years he survived in the construction of the Moscow - Volga , where the mortality rate was such that the corpses bulldozers rolled into the ground directly on the site. Then - a reference to Central Asia from 1941 - front, severely wounded . After the war - a gradual climb the stairs of the church hierarchy . The end of life - a heavy burden patriarch and inner loneliness . "Lord was very soft, easily vulnerable, though outwardly seemed harsh , sometimes impenetrable , majestic " - recalled the lay brother of His Holiness .

Patriarch Pimen was artistically gifted nature. Apart from addiction to music and singing , he had a tendency to write poetry. Simple , artless , they imprinted spiritual chronicle of the country in the twentieth century . " ... I am in this life is very little need , /And those years that I have left to live , /I'd like pensive icon lamp /In the face of Homeland solemnly shine ."

" Thoughtful icon lamp " wanted to shine and Russia Pavel Korin . Understanding of God as his gift , perhaps, brings together these two. God must be dedicated to God , returned to him . " Thine own of Thine own, we offer you ... " Monk , oddly enough , in the country councils do it was easier than a painter , muralist . Corina familiar late in his life seen on the face of the artist look emaciated human suffering . Frequent in his mouth were the words that he did not fulfill his destiny . Several decades, he hatched a plan to its main picture, but a huge canvas harvested remained pristine .

In a series of Soviet artists Pavel Korin - special phenomenon . He belonged to the eternal, and not the momentary measurement Russia and wanted to capture the eternal Russian - soul, and not issues of the day with her and quickly passing craze fad . " This breed of people now dying - wrote about the brothers M.Nesterov Corinne, Paul and Alexandra - and perhaps doomed to annihilation. And yet , while they exist, I do not get tired to admire them . " Hereditary painter originally from Palekh, Corinne and could not seem to be different.

Before World War I , together with Corinne Nesterov painted Pokrovsky Cathedral Martha and Mary Convent (which in the years of Soviet power , he managed to defend , not to destroy .) This work , according to V. Nartsissov and " addicted " to it forever monumentalism . Brightest and most famous example of this monumental style in the artist - the central part of the triptych "Alexander Nevsky ", written during the Great Patriotic War.

In the spring of 1925 in Moscow, an event occurred under the impression that Corinne and came to the idea of ​​the "big picture ." Funeral of Patriarch Tikhon in the Donskoy Monastery with a huge , endless human stream created in his mind a great and tragic figure of the "last parade " of Orthodoxy , the Church of old Russia . There, in the shower, sounded the first notes of a requiem , hymns of Holy Week .

About the overall design of the artist can be seen in the sketch , create more than 20 years ( 1935-1959 ) . In fact, Russia is an icon of the twentieth century . It is embodied in the prayer standing all the persecuted , confessional Russia 's 1917-1990 led by three patriarchs , its keepers : Tikhon , Sergius , Alexy I and future fourth - Pimen . Cathedral of the martyrs , confessors , ascetics , who happened to live in the time of spreading stones. Russia itself on this icon appears as a prayer . Prayer it was created , built , Tempered , grew won . With prayer and killed her rise .

This confessional Russia was not yet glorified , and the icon is created . It was not meant for contemporaries and for posterity. That is why the interest in it only grows with time . So maybe the picture was never written : the artist was afraid to lie for the future, which will be both in awe of this feat of Russia, and judge her for it.

"For me, made ​​something incredibly Russian in the concept of " drifting " - once said Corinne . - When everything goes , then it is good and most importantly - it still remains . " And so it happened - the weeds were burned , and the good grain , dying , gave new shoots .

Russ left. But not from history, but from the world disfigured as left the desert to the mountains, jungle , burrows into the wilderness to be there light of the world . Corinne created icon is not leaving , and enduring Holy Russia. Its outcome could have dragged on and did not take place . If in 1925 the artist was thinking about " leaving historically doomed ", then over time it grew stronger hope: " Russia was , is and will be . All false and distorting its true face can be prolonged even let tragic , but only an episode in the history of this great nation . " And after coming out hope to the fore the problem - stop leaving Russia.

"Stop the process of oblivion ! /Destiny Russia do not play ! /From generation to generation /recalls remind ! /Not anonymously monotone , /Not for treasury witty , /And the pain ! Passionately ! Names ! /Do not relaxing! Without end ... " These verses Patriarch Pimen - about such as P. Korin , who made one of the main reasons to live cultural Guardianship . Do not give anything to forget , lose , do not allow people to put out the lamp of memory - this is inspired and long-term restoration activities Corina (27 years he headed the restoration workshop of the Pushkin Museum. Pushkin ) , and his collection of ancient icons , ancient manuscripts with miniatures , and participation in the patriotic movement conservation of monuments .

It is difficult to say when the artist again crossed paths already distinguished with the title of the national and the future patriarch . In 1963 he was appointed Bishop Pimen Metropolitan Krutitsy and Kolomna. Apparently, these have their meetings became more frequent. V. Daffodils recalled that " friendship with the artist over the years and the future Primate and mutual affection grew ... Met in Peredelkino , at the dacha of mutual friends ... Several times ... Bishop Pimen was visiting a friend , the artist in his studio on Pirogovke and wife Corina have been in residence in metropolitan ... " Before on Sundays and holidays , Metropolitan Pimen served Vespers at the Cathedral Elohovskom Cathedral. Under the anointing came to him and Corinne P. , each time heard from Bishop 's greetings and invitation to visit : "The car is waiting for you at the altar ."

In 1967 , November 22 , Pavel Korin was gone. His funeral service at the Assumption Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent was led by Metropolitan Pimen , uttered a word of praise over the coffin of a Christian artist , faithful son of his homeland . Four years later, Bishop Pimen became patriarch . Corinne did not live to return Orthodox Russia . Patriarch Pimen saw him start.

Fulfilled the prophecy of unwritten paintings - Russia did not go anywhere .
(Natalia Irtenina )
http://www.vrns.ru/culture/52/714/#. Uq7FOSjB2_U

[Кирилл Сызранский]

Pavel Korin and after the death of Gorky felt under Soviet rule is not bad.

    In 1952 ( during Stalin's life yet ) he receives the Stalin Prize , izberaetsya a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Arts , and in 1958 received the title of " People's Artist of the RSFSR" , and in 1962 - " People's Artist of the USSR."
    1958 - People's Artist of the RSFSR, elected
In 1963 , he received the Lenin Prize already , and in 1967 - the Order of Lenin .

Immediately after the death of the artist opens in Moscow House Museum PD Korin , nene - a branch of the State Tretyakov Gallery .

Do not make P. Corina dissident , he was completely loyal to the Soviet regime and the Soviet " party and government."

Where , by the way , now his portrait Commissar Berries ? Preserved it? <! - ~ 7 ~ ->

[I-V]

Here , one can not forget in this thread:

Alexander Solzhenitsyn " The First Circle "

Do not recovered ... Gerasimov and by morning . He went for a walk through force, chilled , zapahnuvshis doplotna , and immediately wanted to go back to jail. But faced with Kondrashev - Ivanov , went with him to make one lap - and carried away the entire trip .

- Ka -ak ? You know nothing about Pavel Korin ? - Amazed Kondrashov , though he knew that every schoolchild .

 - Oh-oh- oh! He is said to have only been seen by none , amazing picture " Disappearing Russia "! Some say six meters long , others - twelve. Its close , never exhibited , the painting he wrote secretly , and after death, maybe it immediately and sealed.

- What is in it ?

- From hearsay , I can not vouch . Say - a simple average Russian turnpike , vskholmleno , copses . And on the highway with pensive faces is the flow of people .

Every individual elaborated . Individuals who can still be found in old family photos , but who are no longer around us. This - glowing faces old Russian peasants, tillers , artisans - steep foreheads , bushy beard , before the eighth dozen freshness of the skin , eye and thoughts. That - those faces of the girls who hung with the invisible gold ears of swear words , girls who can not imagine a brutish flea market at the dance floor .

And the degree of the old woman . Serebryanovolosye priests in robes and go .
Monks . State Duma deputies . Overripe students in double-breasted jackets .
Schoolboys looking world truths.

Arrogantly beautiful ladies in the urban clothing beginning of the century . And someone very similar to Karalenka . Again, guys, guys ... The worst thing is that these people are not grouped. The time is out ! They do not talk . They do not look at each other, can not be seen . They do not have the burden of road behind . They - go , and not on this particular Bolshakov , but in general. They go ... Last time we see them ...

Gerasimov stopped abruptly :

- Excuse me, I have to be alone !

He turned on his heel and left the artist with a raised hand , went in the opposite direction .

It burned . He not only saw the picture dramatically , as he wrote, but he thought ...

Obutrelo .

Warden walked around the yard and shouted that the walk is over.